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150 results on '"Chidambaranathan P"'

1. Utility of demographic and clinical signs as diagnostic predictors for leptospiral uveitis: A retrospective study

Author

SR Rathinam, Jeya G. Kohila, Balagiri K Sundar, Chidambaranathan P Gowri, Rajesh Vedhanayagi, Manoj Radhika, and Venu Nadella

Subjects
clinical signs, clinical diagnostic rule, diagnostic predictors, leptospirosis, leptospiral uveitis, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Purpose: Leptospirosis is a waterborne zoonotic disease prevalent in tropical regions, causing significant morbidity and mortality. It can involve any organ in its primary stage, and uveitis is its late complication. While advanced laboratory diagnosis is available only in tertiary care centers globally, a cost-effective bedside assessment of clinical signs and their scoring could offer a provisional diagnosis. Aim: To analyze the diagnostic potential of demographic and clinical signs in a large cohort of serologically confirmed leptospiral uveitis patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, demographic and clinical parameters of 876 seropositive leptospiral uveitis patients and 1042 nonleptospiral uveitis controls were studied. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with bootstrap confidence interval (CI) characterized the diagnostic predictors. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Results: Presence of nongranulomatous uveitis (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9), hypopyon (OR = 4.6), vitreous infiltration with membranous opacities (OR = 4.3), bilateral involvement (OR = 4), panuveitis (OR = 3.3), vasculitis (OR = 1.9), disc hyperemia (OR = 1.6), absence of retinochoroiditis (OR = 15), and absence of cystoid macular edema (OR = 8.9) emerged as predictive parameters. The AUROC value was 0.86 with 95% CI of 0.846–0.874. At a cut-off score of 40, the sensitivity and specificity were 79.5 and 78.4, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that ocular signs can serve as diagnostic predictors for leptospiral uveitis, enabling primary care ophthalmologists to make bedside diagnosis. This can be further confirmed by laboratory methods available at tertiary care centers.

Published
2024
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2. A Polarimetry-based Field-deployable Non-interruptive Mirror Soiling Detection Method

Author

Tian, Mo, Rafique, Md Zubair Ebne, Chidambaranathan, Kolappan, Brost, Randy, Small, Daniel, Novick, David, Yellowhair, Julius, and Yao, Yu

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The soiling level of heliostat mirrors in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) fields is one of the key factors that significantly influences optical efficiency. State-of-the-art methods of monitoring heliostats soiling levels have limitations such as slow, labor-intensive, high-cost installation, and interruptive to solar field operations. Here we present a rapid, cost-effective, user-friendly and non-intrusive Polarimetric Imaging-based Mirror Soiling (PIMS) detection method. The PIMS imaging device is very compact and can be integrated on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for single-shot measurement of large area measurement on Heliostat mirrors for fast soiling detection without labor-intensive inspection of each heliostat with a reflectometer. With skylight as a natural light source, we developed a methodology to correlate Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP) image of mirrors to their soiling levels using an experimentally calibrated model based on Mie Scattering Theory and Monte-Carlo simulation. For field deployment of the PIMS method, minimal pre-installation is required, and the field operation is not interrupted by the UAV imaging process. The PIMS method has significant potential for deployment in various concentration solar-thermal power (CSP) plants, offering high speed, non-interruptive mirror soiling detection. Moreover, the method can be further developed for other types of solar fields, such as parabolic troughs, solar panels, etc., Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures

Published
2025

3. PTER is a N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that regulates feeding and obesity.

Author

Wei, Wei, Lyu, Xuchao, Markhard, Andrew, Fu, Sipei, Mardjuki, Rachel, Cavanagh, Peter, Zeng, Xianfeng, Rajniak, Jakub, Lu, Nannan, Xiao, Shuke, Zhao, Meng, Moya-Garzon, Maria, Truong, Steven, Chou, Jonathan, Wat, Lianna, Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty, Saranya, Coassolo, Laetitia, Xu, Duo, Shen, Fangfang, Huang, Wentao, Ramirez, Cuauhtemoc, Jang, Cholsoon, Li, Lingyin, Svensson, Katrin, Fischbach, Michael, and Long, Jonathan

Subjects
Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Eating, Glucose, Homeostasis, Hydrolases, Hydrolysis, Kidney, Liver, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Obesity, Taurine, Carrier Proteins, Acetic Acid, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Weight Loss, Secondary Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Body Weight, Brain Stem
Abstract

Taurine is a conditionally essential micronutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids in humans1-3. In endogenous taurine metabolism, dedicated enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of taurine from cysteine and in the downstream metabolism of secondary taurine metabolites4,5. One taurine metabolite is N-acetyltaurine6. Levels of N-acetyltaurine are dynamically regulated by stimuli that alter taurine or acetate flux, including endurance exercise7, dietary taurine supplementation8 and alcohol consumption6,9. So far, the identities of the enzymes involved in N-acetyltaurine metabolism, and the potential functions of N-acetyltaurine itself, have remained unknown. Here we show that the body mass index associated orphan enzyme phosphotriesterase-related (PTER)10 is a physiological N-acetyltaurine hydrolase. In vitro, PTER catalyses the hydrolysis of N-acetyltaurine to taurine and acetate. In mice, PTER is expressed in the kidney, liver and brainstem. Genetic ablation of Pter in mice results in complete loss of tissue N-acetyltaurine hydrolysis activity and a systemic increase in N-acetyltaurine levels. After stimuli that increase taurine levels, Pter knockout mice exhibit reduced food intake, resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis. Administration of N-acetyltaurine to obese wild-type mice also reduces food intake and body weight in a GFRAL-dependent manner. These data place PTER into a central enzymatic node of secondary taurine metabolism and uncover a role for PTER and N-acetyltaurine in body weight control and energy balance.

Published
2024

44. Estimation of alpha amylase, cortisol, and pH level in saliva of patients wearing conventional and Biofunctional Prosthetic System complete dentures: A parallel randomized clinical trial.

Author

Madana Gopal, Vidhya, Singaravel Chidambaranathan, Ahila, and Balasubramanium, Muthukumar

Abstract

Biofunctional Prosthetic System (BPS) complete dentures have been reported to maintain a harmonious relationship with the surrounding oral structures and provide improved adaptation compared with conventional complete dentures. However, an evaluation of salivary changes and its constituents between BPS and conventional dentures is lacking. The purpose of this parallel randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the alpha amylase, cortisol, and pH levels in saliva in participants provided with conventional and BPS complete dentures. Sixteen completely edentulous participants were recruited for providing with conventional and BPS dentures (n=8). The levels of alpha amylase, cortisol, and pH in their saliva were evaluated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colorimetric, and pH meter before insertion and 1 week and 1 month after denture insertion. The data were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA and the Student t test (α=.05). The mean ±standard deviation for pH was 6.94 ±0.22 in conventional complete dentures and 7.04 ±0.12 in BPS dentures; for alpha amylase, it was 206.75 ±14.64 and 210.88 ±15.72 IU/mL; and for cortisol, it was 0.29 ±0.05 and 31 ±0.04 nmol/L before insertion and 1 week and 1 month after denture insertion. From the repeated measures ANOVA, the mean pH and salivary cortisol were not statistically different (P >.05), but salivary amylase was statistically different (P <.05). The Student t test showed no significant difference in pH (P >.05), but a statistically significant difference in alpha amylase and salivary cortisol levels was found between the 2 groups (P <.05). No significant difference in salivary pH was found in completely edentulous patients provided with conventional or BPS dentures, but significant differences were found in levels of alpha amylase and salivary cortisol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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