13 results on '"Chiappini N"'
Search Results
2. The Placement of Central Venous Catheters in Hemodialysis: Role of the Endocavitary Electrocardiographic Trace. Case Reports and Literature Review
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Dionisio, P., primary, Cavatorta, F., additional, Zollo, A., additional, Valenti, M., additional, Chiappini, N., additional, and Bajardi, P., additional
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- 2001
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3. Viabahn stent for hemodialysis shunt: efficacy, long segment recanalization and prognostic factors for reintervention.
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Salsano G, Trezzi M, Barattini M, Puccianti F, Romano N, Zattera T, Chiappini N, Londrino F, Rolla D, and Stefanini T
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- Age Factors, Aged, Angioplasty, Balloon adverse effects, Female, Graft Occlusion, Vascular diagnostic imaging, Graft Occlusion, Vascular etiology, Graft Occlusion, Vascular physiopathology, Humans, Italy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prosthesis Design, Retreatment, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thrombosis diagnostic imaging, Thrombosis etiology, Thrombosis physiopathology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Vascular Patency, Angioplasty, Balloon instrumentation, Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical adverse effects, Graft Occlusion, Vascular therapy, Renal Dialysis, Stents, Thrombosis therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: The study evaluated the Heparin Bioactive Surface (HBS) Viabahn Stent (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona) efficacy in the maintenance or re-establishment of hemodialysis., Materials and Methods: Fifty HBS Viabahn stents deployed in 37 consecutive patients with hemodialysis dysfunction from January 2008 to May 2016 were evaluated in a single-institution retrospective review. Outcomes were stent patency intended as primary circuit patency (PP), assisted primary patency (APP), target lesion primary patency (TLPP) and secondary patency (SP). Moreover, the risk factor analysis for hemodialysis dysfunction that required reintervention was performed. A subgroup analysis was conducted to assess patency of Viabahn stent to treat peripheral venous long segment obstruction (LSO)., Results: Overall Kaplan-Meyer PPs were 60% at 12 months and 42% at 24 months. Overall TLPP estimated rates were 68% and 49% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The corresponding SP rates were 85% and 78% at the same period. Estimated PP rates at 12 and 24 months for stent placement after peripheral venous long segment recanalization procedure were 53% and 31%, respectively. Corresponding SP rates were 82% and 68%, respectively. The APP rates were 79% at 12 months and 61% at 24 months. Female sex, access age and thrombosis were associated with reduced primary patency., Conclusions: Considering the high rates of PP, TLPP, APP and SP, Viabahn stents have been proven effective in maintaining or re-establishing the hemodialysis access. Moreover, stent placement after recanalization of LSO of venous out-flow represented a valid approach to rescue a dysfunctional fistula that would otherwise be abandoned.
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- 2018
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4. Pemetrexed-induced acute kidney failure following irreversible renal damage: two case reports and literature review.
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Zattera T, Londrino F, Trezzi M, Palumbo R, Granata A, Tatangelo P, Corbani V, Falqui V, Chiappini N, Mathiasen L, Cavallini M, and Rolla D
- Abstract
Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is a new-generation multitargeted antifolate agent with a demonstrated broad-spectrum activity in several types of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma. Major side effects include dose-limiting hematologic toxicities. PEM nephrotoxicity is well known; however, its frequency is considered to be low., Case Presentation: Here we report two cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to PEM administration (500 mg/m2) in patients with NSCLC. The first patient required hemodialysis treatment and was submitted to renal biopsy which showed acute tubular damage and interstitial edema without acute tubular necrosis. No other potential nephrotoxic agents were identified. The second patient developed AKI, not proven by biopsy and did not require renal replacement therapy. Both patients, on regular supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12, concomitantly developed myelosuppression and even several months after PEM withdrawal, showed only a modest improvement of renal function., Conclusions: PEM is an antifolate antineoplastic agent with a broad-spectrum activity in locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. It has been shown that PEM allows longer survival. The risk of acute or chronic kidney disease may be one of the prices to be paid for this success.
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- 2017
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5. Early Rise of Blood T Follicular Helper Cell Subsets and Baseline Immunity as Predictors of Persisting Late Functional Antibody Responses to Vaccination in Humans.
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Spensieri F, Siena E, Borgogni E, Zedda L, Cantisani R, Chiappini N, Schiavetti F, Rosa D, Castellino F, Montomoli E, Bodinham CL, Lewis DJ, Medini D, Bertholet S, and Del Giudice G
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- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Biomarkers, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein metabolism, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Prognosis, Public Health Surveillance, Receptors, CXCR5 metabolism, T-Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer metabolism, Time Factors, Young Adult, Antibody Formation immunology, Immunity, Lymphocyte Count, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology, Vaccination
- Abstract
CD4+ T follicular helper cells (T(FH)) have been identified as the T-cell subset specialized in providing help to B cells for optimal activation and production of high affinity antibody. We recently demonstrated that the expansion of peripheral blood influenza-specific CD4(+)IL-21(+)ICOS1(+) T helper (T(H)) cells, three weeks after vaccination, associated with and predicted the rise of protective neutralizing antibodies to avian H5N1. In this study, healthy adults were vaccinated with plain seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIIV), MF59(®)-adjuvanted TIIV (ATIIV), or saline placebo. Frequencies of circulating CD4(+) T(FH)1 ICOS(+) T(FH) cells and H1N1-specific CD4(+-)IL-21(+)ICOS(+) CXCR5(+) T(FH) and CXCR5(-) T(H) cell subsets were determined at various time points after vaccination and were then correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. All three CD4(+) T cell subsets expanded in response to TIIV and ATIIV, and peaked 7 days after vaccination. To demonstrate that these T(FH) cell subsets correlated with functional antibody titers, we defined an alternative endpoint metric, decorrelated HI (DHI), which removed any correlation between day 28/day 168 and day 0 HI titers, to control for the effect of preexisting immunity to influenza vaccine strains. The numbers of total circulating CD4(+)T(FH)1 ICOS(+) cells and of H1N1-specific CD4(+)IL-21(+)ICOS(+) CXCR5(+), measured at day 7, were significantly associated with day 28, and day 28 and 168 DHI titers, respectively. Altogether, our results show that CD4(+) T(FH) subsets may represent valuable biomarkers of vaccine-induced long-term functional immunity.
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- 2016
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6. Innate Response Activator (IRA) B Cells Reside in Human Tonsils and Internalize Bacteria In Vitro.
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Chiappini N, Cantisani R, Pancotto L, Ruggiero P, Rosa D, Manetti A, Romano A, Montagnani F, Bertholet S, Castellino F, and Del Giudice G
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- Adolescent, Antigens, CD19 genetics, Antigens, CD19 metabolism, Antigens, CD20 genetics, Antigens, CD20 metabolism, B-Lymphocytes microbiology, CD5 Antigens genetics, CD5 Antigens metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Child, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor genetics, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism, Humans, Palatine Tonsil cytology, Palatine Tonsil microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Palatine Tonsil immunology, Phagocytosis
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Innate response activator (IRA) B cells have been described in mice as a subset of B-1a B cells that produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and have been found in the spleen upon activation. In humans, identification, tissue localization and functionality of these lymphocytes are poorly understood. We hypothesized that IRA B cells could reside in human palatine tonsils, which are a first line of defense from infection of the upper respiratory tract. In the present work, we used flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to identify and characterize human IRA (hIRA) B cells in tonsils. We show that CD19⁺CD20⁺GM-CSF⁺ B cells are present in the tonsils of all the subjects studied at a frequency ranging between ~0.2% and ~0.4% of the conventional CD19⁺CD20⁺GM-CSF⁻ B cells. These cells reside within the B cell follicles, are mostly IgM⁺IgD⁺, express CD5 and show phagocytic activity. Our results support a role for hIRA B cells in the effector immune response to infections in tonsils.
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- 2015
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7. Pemetrexed induced acute kidney injury in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: reversible and chronic renal damage.
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Rombolà G, Vaira F, Trezzi M, Chiappini N, Falqui V, and Londrino F
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- Acute Kidney Injury therapy, Aged, Contraindications, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Recovery of Function, Retrospective Studies, Withholding Treatment, Acute Kidney Injury chemically induced, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Pemetrexed adverse effects, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic chemically induced
- Abstract
Background: Pemetrexed (Alimta(®)) (PEM) is an antifolate antineoplastic agent effective in several tumor types, such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma, among others. It is almost exclusively excreted by the kidney and an eGFR lower 45 mL/min is a contraindication for its use: above this level PEM administration is considered safe and dose adjustment is not required. Although there are some reported cases of PEM-induced renal injury, its incidence and the negative effects on patients' outcome has not been systematically evaluated., Methods: We report a retrospective evaluation on the incidence of PEM-induced renal injury in patients affected by NSCLC. Between June 2010 and March 2012 a total of 38 NSCLC patients were treated at our hospital. In 29 of them other possible cause of renal injury were excluded and thus they were eligible to be analysed., Results: Although by protocol all of them had eGFR >45 mL/min at baseline, six patients (average eGFR 56.2 ± 11.5 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) developed AKI (21 %). In these six patients PEM-induced myelosuppression was more severe and hospitalization was longer. Kidney function completely recovered in four patients whereas in the other two deterioration of renal function was irreversible. The number of patients with baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was higher (4/6) in the group that developed AKI as compared to those who did not (6/23) (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: There is no clear cut eGFR above which PEM may be used without potential risks of renal toxicity. If PEM has to be used, all the coexisting risk factors for AKI should be possibly corrected.
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- 2015
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8. Development of a chemically defined medium for the production of the antibiotic platensimycin by Streptomyces platensis.
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Falzone M, Martens E, Tynan H, Maggio C, Golden S, Nayda V, Crespo E, Inamine G, Gelber M, Lemence R, Chiappini N, Friedman E, Shen B, Gullo V, and Demain AL
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- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Adamantane metabolism, Aminobenzoates metabolism, Anilides metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Culture Media chemistry, Streptomyces growth & development, Streptomyces metabolism
- Abstract
The actinomycete Streptomyces platensis produces two compounds that display antibacterial activity: platensimycin and platencin. These compounds were discovered by the Merck Research Laboratories, and a complex insoluble production medium was reported. We have used this medium as our starting point in our studies. In a previous study, we developed a semi-defined production medium, i.e., PM5. In the present studies, by varying the concentration of the components of PM5, we were able to develop a superior semi-defined medium, i.e., PM6, which contains a higher concentration of lactose. Versions of PM6, containing lower concentrations of all components, were also found to be superior to PM5. The new semi-defined production media contain dextrin, lactose, MOPS buffer, and ammonium sulfate in different concentrations. We determined antibiotic production capabilities using agar diffusion assays and chemical assays via thin-layer silica chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. We reduced crude nutrient carryover from the seed medium by washing the cells with distilled water. Using these semi-defined media, we determined that addition of the semi-defined component soluble starch stimulated antibiotic production and that it and dextrin could both be replaced with glucose, resulting in the chemically defined medium, PM7.
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- 2013
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9. Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome caused by jugular vein cannulation for chronic hemodialysis.
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Trezzi M, Londrino F, Chiappini N, Cavallini M, Martina V, and Rombolà G
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- Anatomic Landmarks, Carotid Artery Injuries diagnosis, Female, Hematoma diagnosis, Horner Syndrome diagnosis, Humans, Middle Aged, Nephrectomy, Retroperitoneal Neoplasms pathology, Retroperitoneal Neoplasms surgery, Carotid Artery Injuries etiology, Catheterization, Central Venous adverse effects, Hematoma etiology, Horner Syndrome etiology, Jugular Veins, Renal Dialysis
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- 2013
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10. Rosuvastatin-induced acute interstitial nephritis.
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Londrino F, Zattera T, Falqui V, Corbani V, Cavallini M, Stefanini T, Chiappini N, Ardini M, Martina V, and Rombolà G
- Abstract
We report a case of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), most likely induced by rosuvastatin, in an 83-year-old male patient. The patient underwent angioplasty of the left internal carotid artery, after which he began a regimen of rosuvastatin (20 mg/day). After 3 weeks the patient was admitted to our unit for acute renal failure with mild proteinuria with negligible urinary sediment. A left kidney biopsy showed dense interstitial infiltrates, mainly composed of lymphocytes with evident tubulitis. Rosuvastatin withdrawal plus prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) treatment, which was slowly tapered over a period of 4 weeks, allowed for a complete recovery of renal function. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of rosuvastatin-induced AIN. Acute renal failure is associated with a clear increase in morbidity, length of hospital stay and mortality. Moreover, since statins are among the most widely prescribed drugs in Western countries, we think that the risk of AIN should be taken into account as a possible side effect of rosuvastatin.
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- 2013
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11. Targeted amino acid substitutions impair streptolysin O toxicity and group A Streptococcus virulence.
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Chiarot E, Faralla C, Chiappini N, Tuscano G, Falugi F, Gambellini G, Taddei A, Capo S, Cartocci E, Veggi D, Corrado A, Mangiavacchi S, Tavarini S, Scarselli M, Janulczyk R, Grandi G, Margarit I, and Bensi G
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antitoxins blood, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Bacterial Proteins toxicity, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Models, Molecular, Mutant Proteins genetics, Mutant Proteins immunology, Mutant Proteins toxicity, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcal Infections pathology, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Streptococcus pyogenes genetics, Streptococcus pyogenes immunology, Streptolysins immunology, Survival Analysis, Virulence, Virulence Factors immunology, Amino Acid Substitution, Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity, Streptolysins genetics, Streptolysins toxicity, Virulence Factors genetics, Virulence Factors toxicity
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Streptolysin O is a potent pore-forming toxin produced by group A Streptococcus. The aims of the present study were to dissect the relative contributions of different structural domains of the protein to hemolytic activity, to obtain a detoxified form of streptolysin O amenable to human vaccine formulation, and to investigate the role of streptolysin O-specific antibodies in protection against group A Streptococcus infection. On the basis of in silico structural predictions, we introduced two amino acid substitutions, one in the proline-rich domain 1 and the other in the conserved undecapeptide loop in domain 4. The resulting streptolysin O derivative showed no toxicity, was highly impaired in binding to eukaryotic cells, and was unable to form organized oligomeric structures on the cell surface. However, it was fully capable of conferring consistent protection in a murine model of group A Streptococcus infection. When we engineered a streptococcal strain to express the double-mutated streptolysin O, a drastic reduction in virulence as well as a diminished capacity to kill immune cells recruited at the infection site was observed. Furthermore, when mice immunized with the toxoid were challenged with the wild-type and mutant strains, protection only against the wild-type strain, not against the strain expressing the double-mutated streptolysin O, was obtained. We conclude that protection occurs by antibody-mediated neutralization of active toxin., Importance: We present a novel example of structural design of a vaccine antigen optimized for human vaccine use. Having previously demonstrated that immunization of mice with streptolysin O elicits a protective immune response against infection with group A Streptococcus strains of different serotypes, we developed in this study a double-mutated nontoxic derivative that represents a novel tool for the development of protective vaccine formulations against this important human pathogen. Furthermore, the innovative construction of an isogenic strain expressing a functionally inactive toxin and its use in infection and opsonophagocytosis experiments allowed us to investigate the mechanism by which streptolysin O mediates protection against group A Streptococcus. Finally, the ability of this toxin to directly attack and kill host immune cells during infection was studied in an air pouch model, which allowed parallel quantification of cellular recruitment, vitality, and cytokine release at the infection site.
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- 2013
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12. Multi high-throughput approach for highly selective identification of vaccine candidates: the Group A Streptococcus case.
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Bensi G, Mora M, Tuscano G, Biagini M, Chiarot E, Bombaci M, Capo S, Falugi F, Manetti AG, Donato P, Swennen E, Gallotta M, Garibaldi M, Pinto V, Chiappini N, Musser JM, Janulczyk R, Mariani M, Scarselli M, Telford JL, Grifantini R, Norais N, Margarit I, and Grandi G
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Antigens, Bacterial metabolism, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins genetics, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins immunology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins metabolism, Cluster Analysis, Female, Flow Cytometry, Hemolysis, Humans, Mice, Pharyngitis blood, Pharyngitis immunology, Pharyngitis microbiology, Protein Array Analysis, Proteome immunology, Proteome metabolism, Sheep, Streptococcal Infections blood, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes metabolism, Vaccination, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Bacterial Vaccines administration & dosage, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Streptococcus pyogenes immunology
- Abstract
We propose an experimental strategy for highly accurate selection of candidates for bacterial vaccines without using in vitro and/or in vivo protection assays. Starting from the observation that efficacious vaccines are constituted by conserved, surface-associated and/or secreted components, the strategy contemplates the parallel application of three high throughput technologies, i.e. mass spectrometry-based proteomics, protein array, and flow-cytometry analysis, to identify this category of proteins, and is based on the assumption that the antigens identified by all three technologies are the protective ones. When we tested this strategy for Group A Streptococcus, we selected a total of 40 proteins, of which only six identified by all three approaches. When the 40 proteins were tested in a mouse model, only six were found to be protective and five of these belonged to the group of antigens in common to the three technologies. Finally, a combination of three protective antigens conferred broad protection against a panel of four different Group A Streptococcus strains. This approach may find general application as an accelerated and highly accurate path to bacterial vaccine discovery.
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- 2012
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13. Streptococcus pyogenes SpyCEP influences host-pathogen interactions during infection in a murine air pouch model.
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Chiappini N, Seubert A, Telford JL, Grandi G, Serruto D, Margarit I, and Janulczyk R
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antibodies, Bacterial metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Chemokines genetics, Chemokines immunology, Chemokines metabolism, Female, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Humans, Leukocytes immunology, Leukocytes metabolism, Mice, Peptide Hydrolases genetics, Peptide Hydrolases immunology, Staphylococcal Vaccines genetics, Staphylococcal Vaccines immunology, Streptococcal Infections genetics, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Peptide Hydrolases metabolism, Proteolysis, Streptococcal Infections enzymology, Streptococcus pyogenes physiology
- Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen worldwide, responsible for both local and systemic infections. These bacteria express the subtilisin-like protease SpyCEP which cleaves human IL-8 and related chemokines. We show that localization of SpyCEP is growth-phase and strain dependent. Significant shedding was observed only in a strain naturally overexpressing SpyCEP, and shedding was not dependent on SpyCEP autoproteolytic activity. Surface-bound SpyCEP in two different strains was capable of cleaving IL-8. To investigate SpyCEP action in vivo, we adapted the mouse air pouch model of infection for parallel quantification of bacterial growth, host immune cell recruitment and chemokine levels in situ. In response to infection, the predominant cells recruited were neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils. Concomitantly, the chemokines KC, LIX, and MIP-2 in situ were drastically increased in mice infected with the SpyCEP knockout strain, and growth of this mutant strain was reduced compared to the wild type. SpyCEP has been described as a potential vaccine candidate against S. pyogenes, and we showed that surface-associated SpyCEP was recognized by specific antibodies. In vitro, such antibodies also counteracted the inhibitory effects of SpyCEP on chemokine mediated PMN recruitment. Thus, α-SpyCEP antibodies may benefit the host both directly by enabling opsonophagocytosis, and indirectly, by neutralizing an important virulence factor. The animal model we employed shows promise for broad application in the study of bacterial pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2012
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