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Background: Suicidal ideation and attempt (SI/SA) have been associated with dysregulation of the immune response and inflammation. However, few studies have explored how innate and acquired cellular immunity impact on the peripheral immune response. Our study addresses this gap by examining the composition of peripheral immune cells and humoral markers among individuals with current SI/SA, individuals with a history of SI/SA, and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we aim to explore whether depressive symptoms settle the relationship between inflammation and SI/SA. Methods: This is a multicenter case-control study that included 105 participants. Clinical and demographic characterists together with hemogram parameters, soluble pro and anti-inflamatory factors, and specific innate and adaptive immune cell populations were compared among patients with current SI/SA (n = 21), a history of lifetime SI/SA (n = 42), and HC (n = 42). Results: Patients with both current and lifetime SI/SA had a significant increase in the absolute count of monocytes and in the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Additionally, patients with current and lifetime SI/SA showed a significant increase in high-sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP), and patients with lifetime SI/SA also showed higher levels of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). The cellular inflammatory status of patients with SI/SA was characterized by altered proportions of monocytes with higher levels of nonclassical and intermediate monocytes. No differences were observed in the number of lymphocytes and the proportion of CD4 and CD8 between patients and HC, but we found differences in markers of exhaustion of CD4 lymphocytes, with increased levels of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in Current SI/SA and Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) in Current SI/SA and Lifetime SI/SA compared to HC. The plasmainflammatory status was marked by higher levels of soluble Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in patients with lifetime SI/SA compared to HC. Finally, the multinomial analysis indicates that inflammation and depressive symptoms are independently associated with SI/SA. Conclusion: This study highlights the association of immunological alterations with SI/SA. Furthremore, SI/SA is independently influenced by depressive symptoms and inflammation. This may have important therapeutic implications, as in these patients, it may be necessary to treat the inflammatory process beyond treating the depressive symptoms.

BackgroundSuicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors are among the leading causes of death and injury in adolescents and youth worldwide. Mobile app development could help people at risk and provide resources to deliver evidence-based interventions. There is no specific application for adolescents and young people available in Spanish. Our group developed CALMA, the first interactive mobile application with the user in Spanish, which provides tools based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to manage a crisis of suicidal or non-suicidal self-directed violence with the aim of preventing suicide in adolescents and youth.MethodsTo test the effectiveness, safety and level of engagement of the CALMA app in people aged 10 to 19 who are treated in mental health services of two public hospitals, we will conduct a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial. Participants will be assessed face-to-face and via video call at four timepoints: day-0 (baseline), day-30, day-60, and day-90. A total of 29 participants per group will be included. Change in the frequency of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors will be compared between groups, as well as the level of emotional dysregulation, level of app engagement and time of psychiatric admission during the follow-up period.DiscussionThis study is particularly relevant to young people given their widespread use of mobile technology, while there are currently no available smartphone app-based self-guided psychological strategies in Spanish that attempt to reduce suicidal behavior in adolescents who are assisted in the public health sector from low and middle-income countries in Latin America.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT05453370.

Species invasions can lead to ecological regime shifts by altering food web structure and changing nutrient cycling. Stable isotopes are a powerful tool to understand the potential and realized impacts of invasive species on food webs, especially when used in tandem with other dietary tracers. An invasion by one of the most notorious freshwater invaders in North America, the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis), is imminent in Lake Champlain, United States. An invasion by this filter feeder has the potential to drastically alter energy pathways and destabilize pelagic fisheries via bottom-up impacts. However, the extent and magnitude of these impacts depend on the current food web structure of the mid-trophic pelagic food web, which was previously not well described. We used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models informed by stomach content analysis to identify which energy pathways are currently most important to mid-trophic level fishes. We determined that in the Main Lake basin, the spring phytoplankton bloom and deep chlorophyll layer – the resources most vulnerable to quagga mussels – provide a disproportionate amount of support to the pelagic food web via zooplankton and the migrating macroinvertebrate Mysis. The food web in the Northeast Arm of Lake Champlain is supported by epilimnetic phytoplankton, which is more protected from the filtration effects of quagga mussels than the deep chlorophyll layer. However, the Northeast Arm will likely not provide a high-quality foraging refuge to coldwater pelagic fish due to unfavorable oxythermal conditions. The mid-trophic food web of Lake Champlain—and consequently piscivores who rely on these prey—may be vulnerable to the impending quagga mussel invasion if migratory Mysis are not able to shift their diet to benthic resources.

The epithet “alpina” has been recurrently used in the genus Deschampsia to name plants located in northern regions of Europe, Asia and North America, as a species (Deschampsia alpina (L.) Roem. & Schult.), but also in infraspecific categories (Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. alpina Tzvel. and Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpina Schur.). The morphological and molecular available evidence suggests the existence of a single species, Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., in which individuals belonging to the same morphological gradient have received different names in different taxonomic categories throughout its wide distribution range. An evaluation of the available names indicates that all uses of the epithet “alpina” are illegitimate. A new combination is proposed at the infraspecific level as Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. neoalpina Chiapella, Xue & Greimler.

Introducción y objetivos: La introducción de plantas exóticas para uso ornamental representa un riesgo de invasión para los ecosistemas. Cenchrus advena, C. longisetus y C. setaceus son gramíneas introducidas como ornamentales y altamente cultivadas en el centro-norte de Argentina, aunque se desconoce su estado en el proceso de invasión. En este trabajo se registra la presencia de estas tres especies, se actualiza su taxonomía, nomenclatura y morfología. Además, se presentan mapas de presencia y una clave para diferenciarlas de sus congéneres, tanto nativas como exóticas. Se analiza el estado de invasión y se discuten recomendaciones de manejo. M&M: Se estudiaron ejemplares de herbario, nuevas poblaciones de plantas cultivadas y naturalizadas y se recopiló información de bases de datos digitales de acceso abierto. Resultados: Se encontraron 158 registros de las tres especies distribuidos en 11 provincias, que permitieron citar por primera vez a C. setaceus para la Flora Argentina. Se halló una alta proporción de registros naturalizados de C. setaceus y C. longisetus. Ambas especies presentaron individuos establecidos en ambientes naturales disturbados de Córdoba, iniciando su propagación como invasoras. Cenchrus advena fue únicamente hallada bajo cultivo. Conclusiones: El comportamiento invasor de los pastos C. longisetus y C. setaceus hallado en Córdoba podría estar replicándose en otras provincias debido al elevado nivel de cultivo y a la susceptibilidad ambiental. Por ende, es urgente frenar su cultivo, monitorear las poblaciones naturalizadas e invasoras y reemplazar su cultivo por especies nativas en el marco de objetivos sustentables y reglamentaciones vigentes.

Objectives The aim of this study is to present the adaptation and implementation of the recommendations of the National Institute for Safety and Health at Work (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo – INSHT) in the authors’ hospital to achieve a safer handling of hazardous drugs. Material and Methods In 2016, INSHT published the first document on hazardous drugs in Spain. In the authors’ center, a project was developed to implement the recommendations presented in that document in 2 phases: 1) analysis: to identify drugs and processes susceptible to not being handled as hazardous, and to search for safer alternatives and preventive measures; and 2) development: to ensure information, training, the adaptation of standardized work procedures, the minimization of risks associated with handling, safety devices, personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as health monitoring. Results The authors detected 80 commercial presentations manipulated without adhering to safety conditions, mainly oral (74%) from lists 1 (7.5%), 2 (37.5%) and 3 (55%) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The following measures were envisaged to reduce the risk: introducing new presentations (4 lower doses, 1 liquid dose) and centralizing new preparations in the pharmacy service (11 oral formulas, 6 parenteral drugs). Management, spillage and exposure procedures were adapted. Safety measures were included in the prescription and administration applications, and there were some indications of risks in the storage. Overall, 48 referents and 690 nurses were trained. Each unit was provided with PPE and safety devices (e.g., closed systems, RX CRUSH ® ). The steps prior to the administration were moved to the patient’s bedside to align patient and professional safety. During the first 6 months after the implementation, 22 cases of pregnancy (64% among the nursing staff), 4 cases of lactation, and 1 case of conceiving problems were reported. In the cases of oxytocin and the repackaging of list 3, risk management was applied. Conclusions The multidisciplinary approach has allowed to achieve a global and safer control of hazardous drugs with a minimal impact on the center. It is important to continuously evaluate the effects of these measures, and to take into account the data of this analysis and any possible new evidence. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(5):621–34

Diverse families of satellite DNA (satDNA) were detected in heterochromatin regions of Deschampsia. This kind of repetitive DNA consists of tandem repeat sequences forming big arrays in genomes, and can contribute to lineages differentiation. The differentiation between types of satDNA is related to their sequence identity, the size and number of monomers forming the array, and their chromosomal location. In this work, four families of satDNA (D2, D3, D12, D13), previously isolated by genomic analysis, were studied on chromosomal preparations of 12 species of Deschampsia (D. airiformis, D. antarctica, D. cespitosa, D. cordillerarum, D. elongata, D. kingii, D. laxa, D. mendocina, D. parvula, D. patula, D. venustula, and Deschampsia sp) and one of Deyeuxia (D. eminens). Despite the number of satDNA loci showing interspecific variation, the general distribution pattern of each satDNA family is maintained. The four satDNA families are AT-rich and associated with DAPI + heterochromatin regions. D2, D3, and D12 have mainly subterminal distribution, while D13 is distributed in intercalary regions. Such conservation of satDNA patterns suggests a not random distribution in genomes, where the variation between species is mainly associated with the array size and the loci number. The presence of satDNA in all species studied suggests a low genetic differentiation of sequences. On the other hand, the variation of the distribution pattern of satDNA has no clear association with phylogeny. This may be related to high differential amplification and contraction of sequences between lineages, as explained by the library model.

Introducción y Objetivos: Las montañas concentran gran parte de la biodiversidad del planeta y brindan importantes beneficios al ser humano. Con el objetivo de generar una herramienta clave para el manejo sostenible de los ecosistemas de montaña de Córdoba, nos propusimos presentar una lista exhaustiva de plantas vasculares y sus rangos altitudinales. M&M: Recopilamos 669 censos florísticos completos y 1178 inventarios parciales realizados a campo desde 2005 hasta 2020. Resultados: Registramos 1069 especies de plantas: 147 exóticas, 143 endémicas de Argentina, 25 endémicas de Córdoba y San Luis y 19 endémicas de Córdoba. La mayoría de las especies encuentran su mediana altitudinal por debajo de los 1000 m. El recambio de especies hasta los 1250 msnm es lento, pero a partir de esta altitud comienza a acelerarse, y continúa de forma similar hasta el extremo más alto del gradiente. El 46% de las especies registradas han sido reportadas como medicinales, de ellas, 79 son exóticas, 36 endémicas de Argentina, dos endémicas de Córdoba y San Luis y dos exclusivas de Córdoba. Conclusiones: El listado incluye el 60% de las especies citadas para Córdoba y el 65.5% de la flora medicinal registrada para la provincia. El extremo superior de las montañas, que representa menos del 10% de la superficie, concentra la mayor proporción y diversidad de especies endémicas del centro de Argentina. Nuestros resultados muestran la importancia de estas montañas para la conservación y el manejo sostenible de la biodiversidad de Córdoba, y representan una línea de base para futuros estudios.

Abstract Tracing the flow of dietary energy sources, especially in systems with a high degree of omnivory, is an ongoing challenge in ecology. In aquatic systems, one of the persistent challenges is in differentiating between autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources to top consumers. Bulk carbon stable isotope values of aquatic and terrestrial prey often overlap, making it difficult to delineate dietary energy pathways in food webs with high allochthonous prey subsidies, such as in many northern temperate waterbodies. We conducted a feeding experiment to explore how fatty acid stable isotopes may overcome the challenge of partitioning autochthonous and allochthonous energy pathways in aquatic consumers. We fed hatchery‐reared Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) diets of either benthic invertebrates, terrestrial earthworms, or a mixture of both. We then compared how the stable carbon isotopes of fatty acids (δ13CFA) distinguished between diet items and respective treatments in S. alpinus liver and muscle tissues, relative to bulk stable isotopes and fatty acid profiles. Although a high degree of variability of fatty acid stable carbon isotope values was present in all three measures, our results suggest that the ability of this method to overcome the challenges of bulk stable isotopes may be overstated. Finally, our study highlights the importance of further experimental investigation, and consideration of physiological and biochemical processes when employing this emerging method.

The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.

Global climate change and the push to develop Natural Climate Solutions have increased urgency around the need to quantify, capture, and store carbon to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide—but we may be overlooking a potentially important, long‐term carbon sink.Carbon stored in large woody debris (LWD) in lakes is largely missing from local and global carbon budgets. Waterlogged LWD may remain relatively intact in cold, low‐oxygen hypolimnetic regions for decades to centuries, while LWD buried in lake‐bottom sediments may store carbon for millennia.We postulate that lacustrine LWD may be an important component of local and global carbon budgets, and modern land‐use effects (deforestation, agriculture, stream flow changes) may be reducing inputs of LWD into long‐term lacustrine carbon pools. Quantifying lacustrine LWD, particularly in large lakes, is logistically challenging, resulting in a data gap in carbon budgets.Here, we propose that new aerial and underwater technologies be employed to map and quantify littoral LWD and deposits of sunken and buried LWD to estimate carbon storage and the role of lacustrine LWD in regional and global carbon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compiled a checklist with all known endemic plants occurring in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis, an isolated mountainous range located in central Argentina. In order to obtain a better understanding of the evolutionary history, relationships and age of the regional flora, we gathered basic information on the biogeographical and floristic affinities of the endemics, and documented the inclusion of each taxon in molecular phylogenies. We listed 89 taxa (including 69 species and 20 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 53 genera and 29 families. The endemics are not distributed evenly, being more abundant in the lower than in the middle and upper vegetation belts. Thirty-two genera (60.3%) have been included in phylogenetic analyses, but only ten (18.8%) included local endemic taxa. A total of 28 endemic taxa of the Sierras CSL have a clear relationship with a widespread species of the same genus, or with one found close to the area. Available phylogenies for some taxa show divergence times between 7.0 – 1.8 Ma; all endemic taxa are most probably neoendemics sensu Stebbins and Major. Our analysis was specifically aimed at a particular geographic area, but the approach of analyzing phylogenetic patterns together with floristic or biogeographical relationships of the endemic taxa of an area, delimited by clear geomorphological features, could reveal evolutionary trends shaping the area.