10,154 results on '"Chi-squared distribution"'
Search Results
2. Bartlett corrections for zero-adjusted generalized linear models.
- Author
-
Magalhães, Tiago M., Pereira, Gustavo H. A., Botter, Denise A., and Sandoval, Mônica C.
- Subjects
REAL numbers ,REGRESSION analysis ,CHI-square distribution ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
Zero-adjusted generalized linear models (ZAGLMs) are used in many areas to fit variables that are discrete at zero and continuous on the positive real numbers. As in other classes of regression models, hypothesis testing inference in the class of ZAGLMs is usually performed using the likelihood ratio statistic. However, the LR test is substantially size distorted when the sample size is small. In this work, we derive an analytical Bartlett correction of the LR statistic. We also consider two different adjustments for the LR statistic based on bootstrap. Monte Carlo simulation studies show that the improved LR tests have null rejection rates close to the nominal levels in small sample sizes and similar power. An application illustrates the usefulness of the improved statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A high-dimensional test on linear hypothesis of means under a low-dimensional factor model.
- Author
-
Cao, Mingxiang and He, Yuanjing
- Subjects
- *
CHI-square distribution , *CHI-squared test , *ASYMPTOTIC distribution , *DEGREES of freedom , *NULL hypothesis , *HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
In this paper, the problem of testing the hypothesis of linear combination of k-sample means of high-dimensional data is investigated under a low-dimensional factor model. We propose a new test and derive that the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is a weighted distribution of independent chi-squared distribution of 1 degree of freedom under the null hypothesis and mild conditions. We provide numerical studies on both sizes and powers to illustrate performance of the proposed test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Sparse Signal Reconstruction by Batch Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
- Author
-
Li, Lichun, Wei, Feng, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Arai, Kohei, editor, Bhatia, Rahul, editor, and Kapoor, Supriya, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bayesian predictive density estimation for a Chi-squared model using information from a normal observation with unknown mean and variance.
- Author
-
Hamura, Yasuyuki and Kubokawa, Tatsuya
- Subjects
- *
INFORMATION modeling , *DENSITY , *CHI-squared test , *CHI-square distribution , *GAUSSIAN distribution - Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the density function of a Chi-squared variable on the basis of observations of another Chi-squared variable and a normal variable under the Kullback–Leibler divergence. We assume that these variables have a common unknown scale parameter and that the mean of the normal variable is also unknown. We compare the risk functions of two Bayesian predictive densities: one with respect to a hierarchical shrinkage prior and the other based on a noninformative prior. The hierarchical Bayesian predictive density depends on the normal variable while the Bayesian predictive density based on the noninformative prior does not. Sufficient conditions for the former to dominate the latter are obtained. These predictive densities are compared by simulation. • Bayesian predictive density estimation for a Chi-squared model using information from a normal observation. • Unknown mean and variance. • Dominance results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Detection of Cut Transition of Video in Transform Domain
- Author
-
Majumdar, Jharna, Aniketh, M., Abhishek, B. R., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Arai, Kohei, editor, Kapoor, Supriya, editor, and Bhatia, Rahul, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Cross Tabulation and Categorical Data Analysis
- Author
-
Momeni, Amir, Pincus, Matthew, Libien, Jenny, Momeni, Amir, Pincus, Matthew, and Libien, Jenny
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An Asymptotic Two-Sided Test in a Family of Multivariate Distribution
- Author
-
Abouzar Bazyari, Mahmoud Afshari, and Monjed H. Samuh
- Subjects
Asymptotic two-sided test ,Chi-squared distribution ,Efficient algorithm ,Multivariate distribution elements ,Probabilities. Mathematical statistics ,QA273-280 - Abstract
In the present paper, a two-sided test in a family of multivariate distribution according to the Mahalanobis distance with mean vector and positive definite matrix is considered. First, a family of multivariate distribution is introduced, then using the likelihood ratio method a test statistic is computed. The distribution of the test statistic is proposed for different sample sizes and fixed dimension. We study the distribution approximation computed using the likelihood ratio test and an efficient algorithm to compute the density functions can be derived according to Witkovsk´y, J. Stat. Plan. Inference. 94 (2001), 1–13. Also, a simulation study is presented on the sample sizes and powers to compare the performance of tests and show that the proposed distribution approximation is better than the classical distribution approximation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Introducing new outlier detection method using robust statistical distance in water quality data.
- Author
-
Sukmin Yoon, Seong-Su Kim, Seon-Ha Chae, and No-Suk Park
- Abstract
Various water qualities are currently being measured in real time in order to monitor source water as well as drinking and waste water processed by treatment plants. However, there are likely to be various potential outliers in the water quality dataset due to replacement of consumables and equipment calibration; and missing data from mechanical malfunctions, etc. Outlier detection method based on multivariate analysis, which has been generally used, is an approach to detecting outliers using chi-squared distribution and Mahalanobis distance derived from multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, Mahalanobis distance is sensitive to the effects of potential outliers and extreme values distributed outside the cluster mean. Accordingly, we adopted robust distance based on minimum covariance determinant estimators to minimize the effects of potential outliers and extreme values. In addition, the modified cutoff point of chi-squared distribution and the cutoff point calculation methodology were applied to reduce the effects of data size in detecting outliers using robust distance and chi-squared distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Mahalanobis distances and ecological niche modelling: correcting a chi-squared probability error.
- Author
-
Etherington, Thomas R.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL models ,ERROR probability ,ECOLOGICAL niche ,CHI-square distribution ,BIOTIC communities ,MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
The Mahalanobis distance is a statistical technique that can be used to measure how distant a point is from the centre of a multivariate normal distribution. By measuring Mahalanobis distances in environmental space ecologists have also used the technique to model: ecological niches, habitat suitability, species distributions, and resource selection functions. Unfortunately, the original description of the Mahalanobis distance technique for ecological modelling contained an error describing how Mahalanobis distances could be converted into probabilities using a chi-squared distribution. This error has been repeated in the literature, and is present in popular modelling software. In the hope of correcting this error to maximise the potential application of the Mahalanobis distance technique within the ecological modelling community, I explain how Mahalanobis distances are calculated, and through a virtual ecology experiment demonstrate how to correctly produce probabilities and discuss the implications of the error for previous Mahalanobis distance studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Women’s Preference for Cosmesis of Incisions Used for Open Versus Robotic Lower Urinary Tract Reconstructive Surgery
- Author
-
Paraskeve Granitsiotis, Ammar Alhasso, and Saddaf Hina
- Subjects
Reconstructive surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pfannenstiel incision ,business.industry ,Symphysis ,Umbilicus (mollusc) ,Urinary system ,Cosmesis ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Urology clinic ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cosmetic appeal of incisions used for open (Pfannenstiel or Vertical midline) versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic lower urinary tract reconstructive surgery in women. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION: Outpatient Urology Clinic of Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Scotland, UK from 1st February 2019 till 28th February 2020. METHODS: All patients were provided illustrations of Pfannenstiel incision (incision at “bikini line”- (A), Vertical midline laparotomy incision (incision from midline symphysis to umbilicus –( B), Robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions-variation I- (C) and Robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions-variation II (-D). Patients were asked to rate each incision in order of their preference. Chi square distribution was used to compare mean previous surgeries and no previous surgeries between different preferred incisional groups and ages of the patients. RESULTS: One hundred patients with mean age were 53.11±15.05 years with minimum 19 years and maximum 84 years and mean BMI was 28.18±7.05 kg/m2 with minimum 15.6 and maximum 55 kg/m2 calculated. Out of 100 patients (1st preference of incision), 78% preferred incision A, 3% preferred B incision and 16% & 3% patients preferred incision C and D respectively. Similarly (2nd preference of incision) 3% patients preferred incision A, 19% preferred B incision and 56% & 22% patients preferred incision C and D respectively. The mean comparison between first preferred incision with second preferred incision with respect of surgeries (previous surgeries and no previous surgeries) showed significant difference p≤0.05 (chi value=167.692, p=0.000). Relation of preferred incisions with respect to ages of the patients showed no significant difference (Pearson relation value -0.182 and p=0.069). CONCLUSION: Overall, open incisions were preferred over robotic incisions. Patient perception of the "visibility" of abdominal incisions and previous experience in term of surgical scars may be the distinguishing issue to explain the difference in the preferences between open versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions in women.
- Published
- 2021
12. Success probability of multiple/multidimensional linear cryptanalysis under general key randomisation hypotheses.
- Author
-
Samajder, Subhabrata and Sarkar, Palash
- Abstract
This work considers statistical analysis of attacks on block cyphers using several linear approximations. A general and unified approach is adopted. To this end, the general key randomisation hypotheses for multidimensional and multiple linear cryptanalysis are introduced. Expressions for the success probability in terms of the data complexity and the advantage are obtained using the general key randomisation hypotheses for both multidimensional and multiple linear cryptanalysis and under the settings where the plaintexts are sampled with or without replacement. Particularising to standard/adjusted key randomisation hypotheses gives rise to success probabilities in 16 different cases out of which in only five cases expressions for success probabilities have been previously reported. Even in these five cases, the expressions for success probabilities that we obtain are more general than what was previously obtained. A crucial step in the analysis is the derivation of the distributions of the underlying test statistics. Whilst we carry out the analysis formally to the extent possible, there are certain inherently heuristic assumptions that need to be made. In contrast to previous works which have implicitly made such assumptions, we carefully highlight these and discuss why they are unavoidable. Finally, we provide a complete characterisation of the dependence of the success probability on the data complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Statistical evaluation of beer spoilage bacteria by real‐time PCR analyses from 2010 to 2016.
- Author
-
Schneiderbanger, Jennifer, Grammer, Margit, Jacob, Fritz, and Hutzler, Mathias
- Subjects
- *
POLYMERASE chain reaction , *BACTERIA , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *BREWING , *BEER spoilage - Abstract
A total of 13,802 samples over seven years were investigated using real‐time PCR for the presence of beer spoilage bacteria, providing a rare large‐scale overview of the incidence of individual species. At the same time, the isolation site (early stages of the brewing process = type I and late stages = type II) and the type of contaminated beer and intermediate products (bottom‐fermented or top‐fermented) were evaluated using chi‐squared analysis. The most frequently occurring species were Lactobacillus brevis (7 year average 41.9%), Lactobacillus (para‐)casei (10.4%) and Lactobacillus backii (9.5%). L. (para‐)casei was found at significantly higher rates in the early stages of the brewing process, whereas Lactobacillus lindneri, the Lactobacillus [L. (para‐)plantarum and L. coryniformis] and the Pectinatus (P. cerevisiiphilus, P. frisingensis and P. haikarae) groups and Megasphaera cerevisiae predominated in the later stages and in package (significance level 95%). On a significance level of 95%, Pediococcus damnosus, M. cerevisiae and L. lindneri together with the Pectinatus and
Lactobacillus groups grew predominantly in bottom fermented samples. L. brevis, in contrast, was found most frequently in top fermented beers. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Bayes Estimators for the Parameter of the Inverted Exponential Distribution Under different Double informative priors.
- Author
-
Al-obedy, Jinan Abbas Naser
- Subjects
EXPONENTIAL functions ,GAMMA distributions ,MATHEMATICAL functions ,PARAMETER estimation ,MEAN square algorithms - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
15. Comparison of the Predictive Values of Multiple Binary Diagnostic Tests in the Presence of Ignorable Missing Data
- Author
-
Ana Eugenia Marín-Jimenéz and José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes
- Subjects
global hypothesis test ,predictive values ,multiple comparisons ,chi-squared distribution ,ignorable missing data ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 ,Probabilities. Mathematical statistics ,QA273-280 - Abstract
The comparison of the predictive values of binary diagnostic tests is an important topic in the study of statistical methods applied to medical diagnosis. In this article, we study a global hypothesis test to simultaneously compare the predictive values of multiple binary diagnostic tests in the presence of ignorable missing data. The global hypothesis test deduced is based on the chi-squared distribution. Simulation experiments were carried out to study the type I error probability and the power of global hypothesis test and of other alternative methods when comparing the predictive values of two and three binary diagnostic tests respectively.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A comparative study of computation approaches of the generalized F-test
- Author
-
Mustafa Cavus and Berna Yazici
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,F-test ,Group (mathematics) ,Computation ,Applied mathematics ,Machine Learning and Other Topics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Beta distribution ,Chi-squared distribution ,Mathematics ,Test (assessment) - Abstract
The Generalized F-test is derived based on the Generalized P-value Method to test the equality of normally distributed group means under unequal variances. There are two approaches to compute the p-value of the GF test, based on beta and chi-squared random numbers. From prior art in the literature, it appears that the two computation approaches of the Generalized tests are equivalent. In this study, the equivalence of these approaches is investigated in an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation study in terms of Type I error probability and penalized power. It is found that the equivalence of the computation approaches is not quite correct and that there is a difference between their conclusion, and researchers should decide which one is powerful than the others according to the structure of data, such as sample size, and the number of groups. Also, real data examples are given to show the opposite decisions of the computation approaches.
- Published
- 2022
17. On Chen et al.’s Extreme Value Distribution
- Author
-
Sumaya Eljabri and Saralees Nadarajah
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Distribution (number theory) ,Asymptotic distribution ,Computational intelligence ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Observed information ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Generalized extreme value distribution ,Calculus ,Probability distribution ,Applied mathematics ,Extreme value theory ,Chi-squared distribution ,Mathematics - Abstract
Chen, Bunce and Jiang (In: Proceedings of the International Con- ference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, pp. 1-4) claim to have proposed a new extreme value distribution. But the formulas given for the distribution do not form a valid probability distribution. Here, we correct their formulas to form a valid probability distribution. For this valid distribution, we provide a comprehensive treatment of mathematical properties, estimate parameters by the method of maximum likelihood and provide the observed information matrix. The exibility of the distribution is illustrated using a real data set.
- Published
- 2021
18. Clinical features and disease course of patients with acute ischaemic stroke just before the Italian index case: Was COVID-19 already there?
- Author
-
Sara Bonato, Mattia Pozzato, Roberta Brusa, Alessio Novella, Giulia Lazzeri, Tiziana Carandini, Gloria Valcamonica, Gianluca Costamagna, Luca Sacchi, Daniela Galimberti, Davide Villa, Anna M. Pietroboni, Nereo Bresolin, Giacomo P. Comi, Silvia Lanfranconi, Elio Scarpini, Andrea Arighi, Elena Abati, Eleonora Mauri, and Alessandro Nobili
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Cryptogenic stroke ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Index case ,Aged ,Ischemic Stroke ,Retrospective Studies ,Cerebrovascular events ,Aged, 80 and over ,Analysis of Variance ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Medical record ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,Im - Original ,Italy ,Concomitant ,Acute ischaemic stroke ,Cohort ,Emergency Medicine ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Contact Tracing ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,Cohort study - Abstract
Since the end of February 2020, Italy has suffered one of the most severe outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, what happened just before the Italian index case has not yet been investigated. To answer this question, we evaluated the potential impact of COVID-19 on the clinical features of a cohort of neurological inpatients admitted right before the Italian index case, as compared to the same period of the previous year. Demographic, clinical, treatment and laboratory data were extracted from medical records. The data collected included all inpatients who had been admitted to the Neurology and Stroke Units of the Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, from December 15, 2018 to February 20, 2019 and from December 15, 2019 to February 20, 2020. Of the 248 patients, 97 subjects (39.1%) were admitted for an acute cerebrovascular event: 46 in the 2018/2019 period (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [15.6] years; 22 men [47.8%]), and 51 in the 2019/2020 interval (mean [SD] age, 72.8 [12.4] years; 24 men [47.1%]). The number of cryptogenic strokes has increased during the 2019–2020 year, as compared to the previous year (30 [58.8%] vs. 18 [39.1%], p = 0.05). These patients had a longer hospitalization (mean [SD] day, 15.7 [10.5] days vs. mean [SD] day, 11.7 [7.2] days, p = 0.03) and more frequent cerebrovascular complications (9 [30.0%] vs. 2 [11.1%]), but presented a lower incidence of cardiocerebral risk factors (18 [60.0%] vs. 14 [77.8%]). Right before the Italian index case, an increase in cryptogenic strokes has occurred, possibly due to the concomitant COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021
19. An Asymptotic Two-Sided Test in a Family of Multivariate Distribution
- Author
-
Bazyari, Abouzar, Afshari, Mahmoud, and Samuh, Monjed H.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation of an Inpatient Postpartum Human Papillomavirus Immunization Program
- Author
-
Eugene D. Shapiro, Linda M. Niccolai, Sangini S. Sheth, Carlos R. Oliveira, Ashlynn Torres, and Lital Avni-Singer
- Subjects
Adult ,Postnatal Care ,Program evaluation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article ,Young Adult ,Hospitals, Urban ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,Young adult ,Poverty ,Inpatients ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Immunization Programs ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Hazard ratio ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Odds ratio ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Quality Improvement ,Logistic Models ,Female ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,Program Evaluation ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the result of an inpatient postpartum human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization pilot program in a diverse, low-income patient population from an urban, hospital-based obstetrics and gynecology clinic. METHODS In this cohort study, we present results from the first 2 years of the inpatient postpartum HPV immunization program, in which vaccine-eligible postpartum women were identified and immunized during their hospital stays. The program was implemented after educational outreach with prenatal and postpartum clinicians and nurses. Associations between receipt of the HPV vaccine as an inpatient and the characteristics of patients, and the likelihood of and missed opportunities for receiving a subsequent dose of the HPV vaccine as an outpatient were determined using logistic regression, time-to-event analyses, chi-squared tests and t-tests. RESULTS From April 11, 2017, to April 10, 2019, 394 (59.2%) of 666 postpartum women were eligible for the inpatient postpartum HPV immunization program. The majority (265/394, 67.3%) received the immunization pilot program HPV dose; 36 of those 265 (13.6%) completed the series with that dose. Among women due for additional doses after hospital discharge, those who received the inpatient dose were more likely to receive a subsequent outpatient dose (138/229) than were those who did not receive an inpatient dose (39/129; hazard ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.76-3.58). On average, there were 30.7 fewer (95% CI 5.8-55.6, P
- Published
- 2020
21. Factors Influencing Pain Dimensions in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache: An Exploratory Survey
- Author
-
P. Vanamail, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Manju Dhandapani, Jaideep M, C. Kanniammal, G. Valli, and L Gopichandran
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Chronic tension-type headache ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exploratory survey ,0302 clinical medicine ,Daily headache ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Nuclear family ,Pain Measurement ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Chi-Square Distribution ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Tension-Type Headache ,Ethics committee ,Middle Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Chronic Pain ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Background Chronic tension type headache (CTTH) is one of the common cause of hospital visits among adolescents and adults. Chronic tension type headache produces pain, sleep disturbances, and disability among patients leading to a poor quality of life. Knowledge pattern of headache and various associated factors will aid appropriate management. Aims To identify the headache dimensions and their various influencing factors among patients of chronic tension-type headache. Methods Using consecutive sampling techniques, 169 patients with chronic tension-type headache were recruited in this cross-sectional survey. Approval was obtained from the Institute's Ethics Committee. The Wong-Baker Foundation Pain intensity scale was used to assess the pain severity. Results A pain severity score of 6 out of 10 was reported by 56% of the patients, and the mean pain score reported by the patients was 6.62 ± 1.16. The mean weekly headache frequency was 4.95 ± 0.38, and the mean daily headache duration was 8.68 ± 1.68 hours. Significantly more patients who are married, patients who had a duration of illness less than two years, and patients who were treated with only analgesics reported higher headache severity. Higher headache frequency was reported by significantly more patients who were male, married, from a nuclear family, educated, unskilled laborers or employed, urban inhabitants, or only on analgesics, or had illness duration less than two years. Headache duration was significantly higher in patients who were unskilled laborers or only on analgesics, or had illness duration less than two years. Conclusions Patients with chronic tension-type headache experience moderate to high severity of headache, along with substantial duration and frequency, an outcome that was associated with various lifestyle-related factors that can result in stress. Lifestyle modification and nonpharmacological management are thus essential to reduce the severity, frequency, and duration of headache in patients with a chronic tension-type headache and medication overuse.
- Published
- 2020
22. Estimation of the simultaneous confidence regions for the ratios of quantile residual lifetimes.
- Author
-
Chang, Yu-Mei, Shen, Pao-Sheng, and Jiang, Yu-Ru
- Subjects
- *
QUANTILE regression , *CONFIDENCE regions (Mathematics) , *CONTROL groups , *LIKELIHOOD ratio tests , *MATHEMATICAL functions - Abstract
In many clinical studies, especially when the associated diseases can be incurable, it is critical to evaluate the effect of treatments on mean residual lifetime or quantile residual lifetime. In this article, for right-censored survival data, we concern the construction of simultaneous confidence regions for the ratios of quantile residual lifetimes between treatment and control groups. We propose two approaches: the first is based on the score-type test of Jeong et al. [Nonparametric inference on median residual life function. Biometrics. 2008;64:157–163], while the second is based on the empirical likelihood ratio test of Zhou and Jeong [Empirical likelihood ratio test for median and mean residual lifetime. Statist. Med. 2011;30:152–159]. The performance of the associated coverage probability and the expected coverage area are investigated via a simulation study. The proposed method is illustrated using a real data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Minimizing Safety Risks in Complex Systems.
- Author
-
Mirchandani, Chandru and Fellow, Incose
- Subjects
COMPUTER software safety measures ,RISK assessment ,COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) ,ADAPTIVE computing systems ,CHI-square distribution - Abstract
There is a need to develop an adaptive model by which the changes in the testing and upgrade processes for complex software can be observed. The metrics obtained from a software system and a sufficient data base for software failures and operating hours, help to develop a model for predicting the reliability-relevant failures based on actual data and fitting a distribution. However, the collection, identification and classification of the failure data is not timely enough to identify the cause of the failure. From the system engineering perspective testing to an acceptable level is needed to validate the system capability and performance. Testing in a perceived operational environment reduces the risk of the system not meeting the required capabilities. Historically this risk was evaluated in terms of cost, schedule and data. This paper will examine the safety hazards to system design by examining the consequences based on the interaction of data and function and the ensuing behavior complicated by an uncertain input from the human. The paper will identify and develop metrics and interactions thereof which when varied can change the test profile to minimize the uncertainty or risk of the system performance in realistic scenarios for enterprise service systems minimizing safety risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Partial penalized empirical likelihood ratio test under sparse case.
- Author
-
Wang, Shan-shan and Cui, Heng-jian
- Abstract
A consistent test via the partial penalized empirical likelihood approach for the parametric hypothesis testing under the sparse case, called the partial penalized empirical likelihood ratio (PPELR) test, is proposed in this paper. Our results are demonstrated for the mean vector in multivariate analysis and regression coefficients in linear models, respectively. And we establish its asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis and the local alternatives of order n under regularity conditions. Meanwhile, the oracle property of the partial penalized empirical likelihood estimator also holds. The proposed PPELR test statistic performs as well as the ordinary empirical likelihood ratio test statistic and outperforms the full penalized empirical likelihood ratio test statistic in term of size and power when the null parameter is zero. Moreover, the proposed method obtains the variable selection as well as the p-values of testing. Numerical simulations and an analysis of Prostate Cancer data confirm our theoretical findings and demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed method in hypothesis testing and variable selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Simulacija jednostavne linearne regresije.
- Author
-
Džalto, S. and Gusić, I.
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is a computer simulation of conditions relevant for simple a linear regression model and computer confirmation of its basic equations. To that end, a simple linear regression model is described and mathematical foundations of the model are discussed. Listed are the equations for the objective function (Equation 1.3), regression line parameters (Equation 1.4), estimation of regression line parameters (Equation (3.2)), and confidence interval (Equations (3.8) and (3.9)). Estimation of variance (Equation (3.4)) is based on Equations (3.6) and (3.11), while (3.11) is based on (3.12). The conditions of the simple linear regression were simulated in Matlab. The model parameters were selected with Equations (4.1) and (4.2), and 10 000 series of 7 data were generated as a simulation of 10 000 experiments under the same conditions in engineering practice. Each series represented a measurement of a dependent variable for seven fixed independent variable values in circumstances in which the linear regression model assumptions had been satisfied. For a randomly chosen series of 7 data, the estimates of parameters can significantly deviate from true parameter values (Table 1), indicating that a relatively small number of measurements in practice can lead to unreliable estimates. The estimate can deviate from true value even if the number of measurements is relatively large (Table 2). On the other hand, it is shown that the arithmetic mean of 10 000 calculated parameters is almost identical to true parameter values. In other words, it is confirmed that the estimates from consecutive measurements under the same conditions are, in average, correct. Simulation of 10 000 series also confirmed other mentioned equations: distribution from Equation (3.12) (Table 3 and Fig. 2), t-distribution from (3.5.1) and (3.5.2) (Table 4 and Fig. 3), and confidence intervals for regression line parameters from Equations (3.8) and (3.9). The computer simulation can serve for the better understanding of the simple linear regression model and successfully replace proving the mathematical facts on which linear regression is based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Adjusted empirical likelihood inference for additive hazards regression.
- Author
-
Wang, Shanshan, Hu, Tao, and Cui, Hengjian
- Subjects
- *
LIKELIHOOD ratio tests , *INFERENTIAL statistics , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *REGRESSION analysis , *CHI-square distribution - Abstract
This article develops an adjusted empirical likelihood (EL) method for the additive hazards model. The adjusted EL ratio is shown to have a central chi-squared limiting distribution under the null hypothesis. We also evaluate its asymptotic distribution as a non central chi-squared distribution under the local alternatives of ordern− 1/2, deriving the expression for the asymptotic power function. Simulation studies and a real example are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Compared with the normal approximation-based method, the proposed method tends to have more larger empirical power and smaller confidence regions with comparable coverage probabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Chest CT in patients with a moderate or high pretest probability of COVID-19 and negative swab
- Author
-
Alessandro Fugazza, Alessandro Repici, Giulia Vatteroni, Erminia Casari, Caterina Giannitto, Arturo Chiti, Elena Casiraghi, Federica Mrakic Sposta, Maria Teresa Sandri, Giorgio Maria Ferraroli, and Balzarini Luca
- Subjects
Male ,Ground-glass opacity ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nasopharynx ,False Negative Reactions ,Lung ,Computed tomography ,Neuroradiology ,Aged, 80 and over ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Area under the curve ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Reference Standards ,Pre- and post-test probability ,Italy ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Area Under Curve ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Predictive value of tests ,Female ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Nasopharyngeal swab ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chest Radiology ,Pneumonia, Viral ,RT-PCR ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,False Positive Reactions ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Probability ,Retrospective Studies ,Chi-Square Distribution ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Pneumonia ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of CT in patients with a negative first RT-PCR testing and to identify typical features of COVID-19 pneumonia that can guide diagnosis in this case. Methods Patients suspected of COVID-19 with a negative first RT-PCR testing were retrospectively revalued after undergoing CT. CT was reviewed by two radiologists and classified as suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, non-COVID-19 pneumonia or negative. The performance of both first RT-PCR result and CT was evaluated by using sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the curve (AUC) and by using the second RT-PCR test as the reference standard. CT findings for confirmed COVID-19 positive or negative were compared by using the Pearson chi-squared test (P values
- Published
- 2020
28. Closed-Form Expressions for the Quantile Function of the Chi Square Distribution Using the Hybrid of Quantile Mechanics and Spline Interpolation
- Author
-
Muminu O. Adamu, Hilary I. Okagbue, and Timothy A. Anake
- Subjects
Power series ,Series (mathematics) ,Computer science ,Cumulative distribution function ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Quantile function ,Confidence interval ,Computer Science Applications ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Chi-square test ,Statistical inference ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Series expansion ,Spline interpolation ,Chi-squared distribution ,Statistical hypothesis testing ,Quantile - Abstract
Chi square distribution is a continuous probability distribution primarily used in hypothesis testing, contingency analysis, and construction of confidence limits in inferential statistics but not necessarily in the modeling of real-life phenomena. The closed-form expression for the quantile function (QF) of Chi square is not available because the cumulative distribution function cannot be transformed to yield the QF and consequently places limitations on the use of the QF. Researchers have over the years proposed approximations that improve over time in terms of speed, computational efficiency, and precision, and so on. However, most of the available closed-form expressions (quantile approximation) fail at the extreme tails of the distribution. This paper used the Quantile mechanics approach to obtain second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations whose solutions using the power series method yielded initial approximates in form of series for different values of the degrees of freedom. The initial approximate varies with the exact (R software) values which serve as the reference and the error between them was minimized by the natural cubic spline interpolation. The final approximates are correct up to an average of 8 decimal places, have small error, and is closer to the exact when compared with some other results from other researchers. The upper tail of the distribution was considered and excellent results were obtained which is a major improvement over the existing results in the literature. The approach used in this work is a hybrid of series expansions and numerical algorithms. Computer codes can be written for the application.
- Published
- 2020
29. Clinical Characteristics of and Medical Interventions for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients in Wuhan, China
- Author
-
Jian Bo Tian, Li Liu, Wen Li Chen, Chun Zhang, Ming Shi, Fei Xiong, Chun Tao Lei, Jing Liu, Jun Wu Dong, Dan Luo, Hui Tang, Xiaoping Miao, Can Tu, and Xiao Hui Wang
- Subjects
Male ,China ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pneumonia, Viral ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Psychological intervention ,Comorbidity ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,Asymptomatic ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Renal Dialysis ,Diabetes mellitus ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical Epidemiology ,Registries ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Nephrology ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Disease Susceptibility ,Hemodialysis ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Background Reports indicate that those most vulnerable to developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are older adults and those with underlying illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, which are common comorbidities among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, there is limited information about the clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 or about interventions to control COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers. Methods We collected data retrospectively through an online registration system that includes all patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at 65 centers in Wuhan, China. We reviewed epidemiologic and clinical data of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 10, 2020. Results Of 7154 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 154 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of the 131 patients in our analysis was 63.2 years; 57.3% were men. Many had underlying comorbidities, with cardiovascular disease (including hypertension) being the most common (68.7%). Only 51.9% of patients manifested fever; 21.4% of infected patients were asymptomatic. The most common finding on chest computed tomography (CT) was ground-grass or patchy opacity (82.1%). After initiating comprehensive interventions-including entrance screening of body temperature and symptoms, universal chest CT and blood tests, and other measures-new patients presenting with COVID-19 peaked at 10 per day on January 30, decreasing to 4 per day on February 11. No new cases occurred between February 26 and March 10, 2020. Conclusions We found that patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were susceptible to COVID-19 and that hemodialysis centers were high-risk settings during the epidemic. Increasing prevention efforts, instituting universal screening, and isolating patients with COVID-19 and directing them to designated hemodialysis centers were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers.
- Published
- 2020
30. The Relationship between Status at Presentation and Outcomes among Pregnant Women with COVID-19
- Author
-
Fouad Atallah, Nelli Fisher, Howard Minkoff, Rodney McLaren, Sandra McCalla, Janet L. Stein, Viktoriya London, Shoshana Haberman, and Catherine Cepeda
- Subjects
Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID-19 Testing ,Pregnancy ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,Medicine ,Infection control ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Obstetrics ,Pregnancy Outcome ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gestational age ,lymphopenia ,Hospitalization ,Original Article ,Female ,Patient Safety ,medicine.symptom ,preterm delivery ,Coronavirus Infections ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Gestational Age ,Asymptomatic ,Risk Assessment ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Pandemics ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Retrospective Studies ,Infection Control ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Clinical Laboratory Techniques ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,vertical transmission ,New York City ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to compare maternal and pregnancy outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with COVID-19. Pregnant women were divided into two groups based on status at admission, symptomatic or asymptomatic. All testing was done by nasopharyngeal swab using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially, nasopharyngeal testing was performed only on women with a positive screen (symptoms or exposure) but subsequently, testing was universally performed on all women admitted to labor and delivery. Chi-square and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. Results Eighty-one patients were tested because of a positive screen (symptoms [ n = 60] or exposure only [ n = 21]) and 75 patients were universally tested (all asymptomatic). In total, there were 46 symptomatic women and 22 asymptomatic women (tested based on exposure only [ n = 12] or as part of universal screening [ n = 10]) with confirmed COVID-19. Of symptomatic women ( n = 46), 27.3% had preterm delivery and 26.1% needed respiratory support while none of the asymptomatic women ( n = 22) had preterm delivery or need of respiratory support ( p = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Pregnant women who presented with COVID19-related symptoms and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19 have a higher rate of preterm delivery and need for respiratory support than asymptomatic pregnant women. It is important to be particularly rigorous in caring for COVID-19 infected pregnant women who present with symptoms. Key Points Respiratory support is often needed for women who present with symptoms. Low rate of severe disease in women who present without symptoms. There were no neonatal infections on day 0 of life.
- Published
- 2020
31. Factors associated with early menopause in Bangladesh
- Author
-
Sabrina Afrose, Faisal Ahmed, Mohammad Ali, and Most. Khatun
- Subjects
business.industry ,menopause ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Menopause ,medicine ,bangladesh ,Medicine ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,logistic models ,chi-square distribution ,Demography - Published
- 2020
32. Relationship between serum C3/C4 ratio and prognosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy based on propensity score matching
- Author
-
Yan Zhang, Shu-Wei Duan, Pu Chen, Zhong Yin, Yong Wang, Guang-Yan Cai, Xiang-Mei Chen, and Yuan-Yuan Ji
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Complement ,lcsh:Medicine ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Gastroenterology ,Nephropathy ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunoglobulin A nephropathy ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Serum C3/C4 ,Propensity Score ,Retrospective Studies ,Creatinine ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,lcsh:R ,Complement C4 ,Glomerulonephritis, IGA ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,Complement C3 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Propensity score matching ,Female ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: Aberrant activation of the complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The relationship between serum complement and the clinical-histopathological features and outcomes of IgAN is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to examine the relationship between the complement 3/4 (C3/C4) ratio and the clinicopathologic changes and prognosis of patients with IgAN. Methods: A total of 397 patients with primary IgAN from January 2007 to December 2012 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were included in this study. The correlation test and Chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance test were performed to evaluate the relationship between the C3/C4 ratio and other clinical-pathological factors. Propensity score matching and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to calculate the risk factors of renal outcome. Results: The median follow-up period was 75 months. During the follow-up period, 62 patients (15.6%) developed into the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The C3/C4 ratio at baseline was associated with the level of serum creatinine (SCr), 24 h urinary protein excretion (24 h Upre), global glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesion. The level of SCr and 24 h Upre and the degree of chronic kidney injury were statistically different among groups defined by different C3/C4 ratio levels. The survival rates of patients among groups with different C3/C4 ratio levels were different. After propensity score matching, eighty-eight pairs of patients were successfully matched, and the C3/C4 ratio was an influencing factor for the patients’ outcome (hazard ratio 0.587, 95% confidence interval 0.329-0.880). Patients with a C3/C4 ratio
- Published
- 2020
33. Diagnostic readiness tests: Preparing nurse practitioner students for national certification examinations
- Author
-
Suzy Barcelos Winchester and Denise Coppa
- Subjects
Certification ,Nurse practitioners ,MEDLINE ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,Nurse Practitioners ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Education, Nursing, Graduate ,General Nursing ,Medical education ,Academic Success ,Chi-Square Distribution ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Balance (accounting) ,Test Taking Skills ,Curriculum ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Nurse practitioner (NP) faculties are challenged to offer programs that balance didactic knowledge with the clinical experiences required to prepare graduates for the complexities of health care. Students have the stress of extrapolating the information they obtain during these programs and applying it to postgraduation certification examinations. Innovative educational tools are necessary to ease the uncertainty that NP students experience to graduate and pass certification examinations. Tools include academic-clinical partnerships (ACPs) to enhance clinical opportunities and resources to integrate diagnostic readiness tests (DRTs) into curricula.This was a quasi-experimental one group, pretest/posttest design using a convenience sample of NP students randomly assigned to clinical in ACP or non-ACP clinical placements. They completed the DRTs twice during their final program semesters.The overall DRT group scores for the NP students significantly improved over time. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed that the posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed no differences between the ACP and non-ACP students. Students performed the best on assessment, diagnosis, management, and pharmacology domains. This demonstrates support for the integration of DRTs into NP programs.Integrating DRTs into NP programs can facilitate transition to the NP role.
- Published
- 2020
34. Prevalence of Diplopia and Extraocular Movement Limitation according to the Location of Isolated Pure Blowout Fractures
- Author
-
Min Seok Park, Young Joon Kim, Hoon Kim, Sang Hyun Nam, and Young Woong Choi
- Subjects
Orbital fractures ,Eye movements ,Diplopia ,Chi-squared distribution ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
BackgroundIsolated pure blowout fractures are clinically important because they are the main cause of serious complications such as diplopia and limitation of extraocular movement. Many reports have described the incidence of blowout fractures associated with diplopia and limitation of extraocular movement; however, no studies have statistically analyzed this relationship. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the correlation between the location of isolated pure blowout fractures and orbital symptoms such as diplopia and limitation of extraocular movement.MethodsWe enrolled a total of 354 patients who had been diagnosed with isolated pure blowout fractures, based on computed tomography, from June 2008 to November 2011. Medical records were reviewed, and the prevalence of extraocular movement limitations and diplopia were determined.ResultsThere were 14 patients with extraocular movement limitation and 58 patients complained of diplopia. Extraocular movement limitation was associated with the following findings, in decreasing order of frequency: floor fracture (7.1%), extended fracture (3.6%), and medial wall (1.7%). However, there was no significant difference among the types of fractures (P=0.60). Diplopia was more commonly associated with floor fractures (21.4%) and extended type fractures (23.6%) than medial wall fractures (10.4%). The difference was statistically significant (Bonferroni-corrected chi-squared test P
- Published
- 2012
35. Prevalence and Management of Urinary Incontinence in a Brazilian Hospital: A Prospective, Descriptive Study
- Author
-
Eline Limo Borges, Juliano Teixeira Moraes, Josimare Aparecida, Otoni Spira, Ilza Pereira Ghiotto, Isabela Sousa Spinola, Renata Pinheiro Magalhães, and Paula Gabriela Ribeiro Andrade
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cross-sectional study ,Urinary incontinence ,General Medicine ,Exact test ,Urostomy ,Quality of life ,Statistical significance ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,medicine.symptom ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Although urinary incontinence (UI) in hospitalized patients is a frequent health problem, research on the subject is limited. Purpose A prospective, descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of UI, care implemented among hospitalized adult patients, and impact of UI on quality of life (QoL) in a large private institution in Brazil. Methods All patients admitted during November 2018 who were at least 18 years of age, sufficiently conscious and oriented to answer questions, able to undergo skin inspection, and had the ability to urinate (ie, did not use an indwelling bladder catheter or have a nephrostomy, cystostomy, urostomy, or vesicostomy) were eligible to participate. Data were collected through interviews, physical examinations, chart review, and completion of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICQI-SF), a self-diagnostic, 6-item survey of UI frequency, amount of leakage, and overall impact of UI; answers for items 3 (6 answer options), 4 (4 answer options), and 5 (Likert scale ranging from 0 to 10) were considered individually and summed for a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Data were collected using paper forms and then double-entered and validated in a spreadsheet for statistical analysis. Continuous variables were described as mean/median and standard deviation. Categorical variables were described in absolute numbers and percentages. Pearson's chi-squared test and Fischer's exact test were used to investigate the variable statistical differences. The level of significance was 5%, and the intervals were obtained with 95% confidence. Prevalence was defined as the percentage of people with UI over the study period in all admitted patients. Results Of the 858 eligible patients, 114 were incontinent (13.3%), but 61 were unable to answer the research questions, 2 used catheterization, and 9 refused to participate; therefore 42 patients (age 80 [range 77.6-82.3] years, 30 [71.4%] women) completed the study. All patients (100%) were managed using diapers. Twenty-one (21, 50%) were married, 24 (57.1%) were white, and 25 (59.5%) were retired. Sixteen (16, 38.1%) had urine loss several times a day, and 17 (40.5%) had urine loss in large amounts; 10 (23.8%) had incontinence-associated dermatitis. The ICQI-SF item regarding interference of urine loss in daily life had a reported mean of 4.1 ± 4.0, inferring urine loss interfered with life; mean ICQI-SF score was 12.1 ± 5.86, implying UI had a moderate impact on QoL. Conclusion The 13.3% prevalence of UI was similar to previous studies. The absence of a protocol for incontinence management was identified. The results suggest additional, larger sample UI prevalence studies need to be conducted.
- Published
- 2019
36. High MAST2 mRNA expression and its role in diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer
- Author
-
Zhuo Fu, Yanqing Li, Yahui Liu, Peiqiang Jiang, and Yan Jiao
- Subjects
Oncology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Article ,Prognostic markers ,Internal medicine ,Chromosome instability ,Medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,lcsh:Science ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Regulation of gene expression ,Multidisciplinary ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Kinase ,Proportional hazards model ,Liver Neoplasms ,lcsh:R ,Area under the curve ,Diagnostic markers ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,ROC Curve ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Liver cancer ,Chi-squared distribution ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins - Abstract
Liver cancer is a high morbidity and low survival disease all over the world. Chromosomal instability is hallmark of liver cancer. Microtubule-associated serine and threonine kinase 2 (MAST2), as a microtubule associated protein, may involve in tumorous chromosomal instability and plays important roles in cell proliferation and survival. The role of MAST2 in liver cancer has not been well elucidated, which is the aim of our study. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to study the MAST2 mRNA expression in liver cancer, and Chi-squared tests were performed to test the correlation between clinical features and MAST2 expression. ROC curve was performed to examined the diagnostic capacity. The prognostic value of MAST2 in liver cancer was assessed through Kaplan–Meier curves as well as Cox analysis. Our results showed MAST2 was upregulated in liver cancer, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.925 and indicated powerful diagnostic capability. High MAST2 expression was associated with advanced clinical status such as histological type (p = 0.0059), histologic grade (p = 0.0142), stage (p = 0.0008), T classification (p = 0.0028), N classification (p = 0.0107), survival status (p = 0.0062), and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, MAST2 was an independent risk factor for patients’ prognosis after adjusting for other risk factors including stage, T classification, and residual tumor. In total, MAST2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of liver cancer.
- Published
- 2019
37. Qualidade de vida, sobrecarga, apoio emocional familiar: um modelo em idosos cuidadores
- Author
-
Anita Liberalesso Neri and Carola Rosas
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,Cross-sectional study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anciano ,MEDLINE ,RT1-120 ,Nursing ,Older Adults ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Cost of Illness ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Correlation of Data ,General Nursing ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,Aged ,Chi-Square Distribution ,030504 nursing ,Apoyo Social ,Idoso ,Social Support ,Cuidadores ,Middle Aged ,Apoio Social ,Relaciones Familiares ,Relações Familiares ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Feeling ,Caregivers ,Quality of Life ,Private healthcare ,Female ,Calidad de Vida ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Chi-squared distribution ,Brazil ,Family Relationships ,Qualitative research ,Qualidade de Vida - Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations between quality of life, sex, age, burden, and nature of emotional support available in the family in older adults who are caregivers of older relatives. Method: Cross-sectional and correlational study on 148 caregivers gathered in public and private healthcare services, who were subjected to psychological measures of quality of life, burden, exchange of emotional support, sex, and age. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and path analyses (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 77% women, average age of 69.7 years. There were significant associations between exchange of support and burden due to the provided assistance, being a woman and satisfaction with the received support, satisfaction with the received support and burden, burden and quality of life, and satisfaction with the received support and feeling of burden due to the provided support. Conclusion: Satisfaction with the received emotional support moderate the association between sex and burden, and such moderate the association between satisfaction with emotional support and perceived quality of life. RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar relación entre calidad de vida, sexo, edad, sobrecarga y tipos de apoyo emocional disponibles en la familia de ancianos cuidadores de parientes ancianos. Método: Estudio transversal y correlacional con 148 cuidadores reclutados en servicios públicos y privados de salud, fueron sometidos a medidas psicológicas de calidad de vida, sobrecarga, intercambio de apoyo emocional, sexo y edad. Los datos fueron analizados mediante test Chi-cuadrado, prueba exacta de Fisher y path análisis (p
- Published
- 2019
38. Pneumonia Readmissions in Older Adults With Dementia
- Author
-
Sara Knox
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Databases, Factual ,MEDLINE ,Patient Readmission ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Retrospective cohort study ,Pneumonia ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Patient Discharge ,United States ,Increased risk ,Linear Models ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Pneumonia readmissions have significant quality of care and policy implications for patients and health care providers. Research indicates that initiatives to decrease readmissions should target high-risk subgroups. Older adults with dementia have an increased risk of pneumonia and subsequent hospitalizations, suggesting that they may be at high-risk of pneumonia readmissions. The purpose of this study was to determine if associations between patient factors and readmission rates differ for older adults with and without dementia who were hospitalized for pneumonia.This was a retrospective study of secondary data.A nationally representative sample of 389,198 discharge records was extracted from the 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database.Differences between groups were analyzed using χ and t tests. A generalized linear model was utilized to examine associations between patient factors and pneumonia readmissions.Significant differences were found (P0.001) when comparing patient characteristics of older adults with and without dementia who were readmitted. Older adults with dementia had a readmission rate of 23.5% and were 2.9 times more likely to be readmitted (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.93, 4.40) than older adults without dementia. Associations were calculated using a generalized linear model with dementia included as an interactive effect. Dementia significantly modified (P0.05) the relationship between pneumonia readmissions and 4 factors; (a) discharge disposition, (b) chronic conditions, (c) risk of mortality, and (d) median household income.Classifying older adults with dementia as a high-risk subgroup for pneumonia readmissions is supported by the findings of this study. Development of strategies to reduce pneumonia readmissions that are tailored to individuals with dementia should be considered.
- Published
- 2019
39. Challenging AJCC 8 Staging for Soft Tissue Sarcoma Using the NCDB
- Author
-
Theodore Yanagihara, Joyson Kodiyan, Adel Guirguis, Mark Ashamalla, and Hani Ashamalla
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Databases, Factual ,Advisory Committees ,Soft Tissue Neoplasms ,Time-to-Treatment ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Propensity Score ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Radiation ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Soft tissue sarcoma ,Torso ,Cancer ,Extremities ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Lymph Nodes ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
To determine whether the new American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8 grouping of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with nodal disease (N1M0) and metastatic disease (M1) as stage IV correctly represents the prognosis of these previously separate patient groups, using the National Cancer Database.Adults with STS identified in the 2004 to 2014 National Cancer Database, classified by the World Health Organization 2013 system into 10 histologic subgroups, were grouped according to AJCC 8 staging and analyzed according to demographic characteristics, histology, primary site, disease extent, and adjuvant treatment. Primary retroperitoneal sites, "other/unusual" histologic subgroups, and those with delays in therapy (180 days from diagnosis) were excluded. We used χOf 82,987 patients identified, 55,417 met inclusion criteria; 29,855 (53.9%) were male, and 25,262 (46.1%) were female. Median age was 60 years (range, 18-90 years). Overall survival (OS) of STS of all sites was significantly different between N1M0 and N0-1M1 patients at 5 years (34.4%; [95% confidence interval {CI}, 30.1%-38.8%] vs 10.1% [95% CI, 9%-11%], respectively) and 10 years (27.3% [95% CI, 22.5%- 32.2%] vs 5.4% [95% CI, 4.5%-6.5%], respectively; log-rank test, P.001). For STS of trunk and extremities in N1M0 and N0-1M1 patients, the N1M0 cohort was associated with significantly greater OS on multivariate Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41-0.58; P.001), and this OS difference remained significant for propensity-matched cohorts of all primary sites (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.44-0.64; P.001).In adult STS, including those of the trunk and extremity, OS is superior with N1M0 compared with N0-1M1 disease. These results suggest that the AJCC 8th edition grouping of N1 and M1 patients into stage IV may obscure the more favorable prognosis of patients with N1M0 disease.
- Published
- 2019
40. Long-term physical activity is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in older adults: longitudinal results of the SAPALDIA cohort study
- Author
-
Alexander Turk, Seraina Caviezel, Christian Schindler, Emmanuel Schaffner, Nino Künzli, Simon Endes, Christine S. Autenrieth, Miriam Wanner, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Julia Dratva, Robert Bettschart, Brian W. Martin, Marco Pons, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Daiana Stolz, University of Zurich, and Endes, Simon
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,Aging ,Multivariate analysis ,Time Factors ,2717 Geriatrics and Gerontology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Pulse wave velocity ,Confounding ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Cardiology ,Female ,Switzerland ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physical activity ,610 Medicine & health ,Motor Activity ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Vascular Stiffness ,1302 Aging ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ankle Brachial Index ,Vascular Diseases ,Geriatric Assessment ,Life Style ,Aged ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI) ,medicine.disease ,Multivariate Analysis ,Arterial stiffness ,Linear Models ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,Risk Reduction Behavior - Abstract
Background: longitudinal analyses of physical activity (PA) and arterial stiffness in populations of older adults are scarce. We examined associations between long-term change of PA and arterial stiffness in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). Methods: we assessed PA in SAPALDIA 2 (2001-03) and SAPALDIA 3 (2010-11) using a short questionnaire with a cut-off of at least 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week for sufficient activity. Arterial stiffness was measured oscillometrically by means of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in SAPALDIA 3. We used multivariable mixed linear regression models adjusted for several potential confounders in 2,605 persons aged 50-81. Results: adjusted means of baPWV were significantly lower in persons with sufficient moderate-to-vigorous PA (i) in SAPALDIA 2 but not in SAPALDIA 3 (P = 0.048) and (ii) in both surveys (P = 0.001) compared with persons with insufficient activity in both surveys. There was a significant interaction between sex and the level of change in PA concerning baPWV (P = 0.03). The triples of parameter estimates describing the association between level of PA change and baPWV were not significantly different between the two sex-specific models (P = 0.07). Conclusions: keeping up or adopting a physically active lifestyle was associated with lower arterial stiffness in older adults after a follow-up of almost a decade. Increasing the proportion of older adults adhering to PA recommendations incorporating also vigorous PA may have a considerable impact on vascular health at older age and may contribute to healthy ageing in general.
- Published
- 2021
41. Linear combination of chi-squares for multinomial process monitoring
- Author
-
Hassen Taleb, Ramzi Talmoudi, and Ali Achouri
- Subjects
Percentile ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,T55.4-60.8 ,Aproximação de distribuição ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Multinomial Process ,010104 statistics & probability ,Goodness of fit ,Statistics ,Processo Multinominal ,Control chart ,Gráfico generalizado ,Limit (mathematics) ,0101 mathematics ,Business and International Management ,Statistic ,Mathematics ,021103 operations research ,Generalized p-Chart ,Distribution Approximation ,Multinomial distribution ,Simulação ,Chi-squared distribution ,Simulation ,Quantile - Abstract
Marcucci (1985) proposed a chi square goodness of fit statistic based generalized p-chart for multinomial process monitoring. A chi square distribution quantile was considered as a control chart limit. A weighted chi square goodness of fit statistic-based control chart is proposed for multinomial process monitoring in this paper, where more important weights are advocated to poor quality categories. The statistic distribution is approximated by a well-known linear combination of chi squares distribution. The approximation is assessed through a simulation, an extreme percentile of the approximated distribution is used as an upper control chart limit and a comparison is carried out with a chi square goodness of fit statistic-based control chart. The average run length is used as a benchmark and the comparison is performed using simulations considering two process shifts scenarios. Under some restrictions, the weighted statistic-based control chart allows an earlier detection of process shift in case of deterioration and postpones out of control signals in case of improvement. This benefit is clearer when the process is improved by a decrease in the poor quality probability category and an increase in the best quality category probability. Resumo: Marcucci (1985) propôs um gráfico generalizado baseado na estatística de bondade de ajuste do qui-quadrado para monitoramento de processos multinominais. Um quantil de distribuição do qui quadrado foi considerado como limite do gráfico de controle. Um gráfico de controle baseado em estatística de qualidade de ajuste chi-quadrado ponderado é proposto para monitoramento de processo multinominal neste artigo, onde pesos mais importantes são defendidos para categorias de baixa qualidade. A distribuição estatística é aproximada por uma combinação linear bem conhecida de distribuição de qui-quadrados. A aproximação é avaliada por meio de uma simulação, um percentil extremo da distribuição aproximada é usado como um limite superior do gráfico de controle e uma comparação é realizada com um gráfico de controle baseado na estatística de qualidade do qui quadrado do ajuste. O comprimento médio de execução é usado como referência e a comparação é realizada por meio de simulações considerando dois cenários de deslocamento de processo. Sob algumas restrições, o gráfico de controle baseado em estatística ponderada permite uma detecção precoce de mudança de processo em caso de deterioração e adia sinais fora de controle em caso de melhoria. Esse benefício fica mais claro quando o processo é aprimorado por uma diminuição na categoria de probabilidade de qualidade ruim e um aumento na probabilidade da categoria de melhor qualidade.
- Published
- 2021
42. Association between dementia and hepatitis B and C virus infection
- Author
-
Suk Woo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Song Yong Sim, Jae Seung Soh, and Hyo Geun Choi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,hepatitis virus infection ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Observational Study ,Subgroup analysis ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,cohort study ,Dementia ,Data Mining ,Humans ,Correlation of Data ,Aged ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Insurance, Health ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Hepatitis B ,Middle Aged ,nested case–control study ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis C ,Confidence interval ,Cohort ,Female ,epidemiology ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,Research Article ,dementia - Abstract
Several viral infections are known to increase the risk of dementia through brain cell damage and systemic infection. The association between hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections and dementia was evaluated using a national sample cohort from South Korea. Using the national cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we extracted data for patients with HBV or HCV infection and for matched control participants. The controls were matched to the patients according to age, sex, income, region of residence, and past medical histories. The incidence of HCV infection was higher in the dementia group (1.0% [113/11,228]) than in the control group (0.8% [364/44,912], P = .043). However, there was no difference in the incidence of HBV infection in the dementia and control groups. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for HCV infection was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.54, P = .043) in the dementia group. According to the subgroup analysis by sex, the adjusted ORs for HCV infection were 1.04 (95% CI = 072-1.49, P = .851) in men and 1.38 (95% CI = 1.06-1.79, P = .016) in women. We concluded that the incidence of HCV infection was higher (with a higher OR) in women with dementia than in matched control participants in South Korea.
- Published
- 2021
43. Clinical study of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following influenza A H1N1
- Author
-
Yi Liu, Xiang Wang, Chen Yang, Zuo-Zhou Xie, and Zheng-Hua Zhu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pleural effusion ,Observational Study ,medicine.disease_cause ,anti-Aspergillus treatment ,Gastroenterology ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Galactomannan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Internal medicine ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,alveolar lavage fluid ,Prospective cohort study ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Chi-Square Distribution ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ,H1N1 ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,chemistry ,galactomannan ,Female ,Pulmonary Aspergillosis ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Chi-squared distribution ,Research Article - Abstract
This study to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) following influenza A (H1N1) infection. We retrospectively analyzed 10 cases with IPA following H1N1 infection. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, chest computed tomography, and treatments were analyzed. Clinical manifestations: all 10 cases had typical flu-like symptoms at the onset of the disease, among which 7 patients developed dyspnea in the late stage, and 8 patients had hemoptysis. Laboratory examination: the absolute and percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in all 10 patients were declined, among which 5 cases were with decreased CD3+ CD4+ T cells/lymphocytes; 9 cases with increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan; 6 cases with increased serum galactomannan; 1 case with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultured aspergillus fumigatus; and 2 cases with aspergillus by second-generation sequencing. Chest computed tomography: all patients showed multiple diffused ground-glass opacities at the beginning, along with linear or reticular interstitial changes. Two cases had multiple subarachnoid nodules with halo signs, 3 cases had consolidation in multiple segments of both lungs, 2 cases had cavities, and 4 cases were with pleural effusion. Treatment: 10 patients were treated with antiviral and anti-Aspergillus drugs after admission. Four patients received respiratory support. All 10 cases were cured and discharged. Early diagnosis of IPA in influenza A (H1N1) patients is the key to successful treatment.
- Published
- 2021
44. Initial findings in chest X-rays as predictors of worsening lung infection in patients with COVID-19: correlation in 265 patients☆
- Author
-
D J Petite Felipe, J San Miguel Espinosa, M I Rivera Campos, J C Flores Quan, Y Malo Rubio, and M.V. Cuartero Revilla
- Subjects
Male ,Original ,Chest X-Ray ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Alveolar opacities ,Linear atelectasis ,Comorbidity ,Severity of Illness Index ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Tertiary Care Centers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intubation ,Respiratory system ,Lung ,General Environmental Science ,Aged, 80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Opacidad alveolar ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Radiology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiografía de tórax ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Atelectasia laminar ,Pathological ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,X-Rays ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,Length of Stay ,medicine.disease ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos El proposito de este estudio en 265 pacientes con sindrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) es establecer una relacion entre la cuantificacion inicial de los hallazgos en la radiografia de torax en pacientes con COVID-19 y un eventual empeoramiento clinico, asi como comparar tres sistemas de cuantificacion que se proponen. Material y metodos En este estudio retrospectivo se reviso la evolucion clinica y radiologica de 265 pacientes adultos con infeccion por COVID-19 atendidos en nuestro centro entre marzo y abril de 2020, registrandose la presencia de comorbilidades, asi como datos de estancia hospitalaria y empeoramiento clinico (ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos/intubacion y fallecimiento). La afectacion en la radiografia de torax inicial patologica de cada paciente se cuantifico siguiendo tres sistemas de puntuacion diferentes sobre 6 u 8 campos pulmonares (denominados 6 A, 6 B y 8) para determinar una afectacion leve, moderada o grave y establecer comparacion entre dichos sistemas. Tambien se registro la presencia de opacidades alveolares y opacidades lineales (fundamentalmente atelectasia laminar) en la primera radiografia patologica. Resultados La afectacion moderada o grave en los tres sistemas de cuantificacion (6 A, 6 B y 8) mostro correlacion en el estudio de χ2 con la variable ingreso hospitalario (p = 0,009, 0,001, 0,001, respectivamente) y fallecimiento de los pacientes (p = 0,02, 0,01, 0,006, respectivamente). El estudio de regresion mostro como mas significativas las asociaciones 6 B + afectacion alveolar [odds ratio (OR) 2,3, p = 0,025, intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95% 1,1-4,7) y clasificacion 8 + afectacion alveolar (OR 2,07, p = 0,046, IC 95% 1,01-4,25). La afectacion moderada o grave en la radiografia de torax no mostro diferencias significativas entre los tres sistemas de cuantificacion en el estudio predictivo de empeoramiento clinico. Conclusion La extension moderada/grave en los tres sistemas de puntuacion de la radiografia de torax valorando la extension de enfermedad sobre 6 y 8 campos pulmonares y la existencia de opacidades alveolares en la primera radiografia patologica se correlacionaron con la mortalidad y la tasa de hospitalizacion en los pacientes estudiados. No se aprecio una diferencia significativa en la capacidad predictiva de los tres sistemas de cuantificacion propuestos.
- Published
- 2021
45. Nonlinear wave transformations and randomness
- Author
-
S. Beji
- Subjects
Physics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Distribution (number theory) ,010505 oceanography ,Ocean Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Nonlinear system ,Modeling and Simulation ,Wind wave ,Statistical physics ,Chi-squared distribution ,Randomness ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Variations of raw spectral estimates of ocean waves with quite different sea states are examined for confirming their fitness to theoretical chi-square distribution with two degrees of free...
- Published
- 2019
46. Clinical and dermoscopic features of surgically treated melanocytic nevi: a retrospective study of 1046 cases
- Author
-
Qian-Xi Li, David L Swanson, Ping Tu, Shu-Xia Yang, Hang Li, and Peng Lyu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Dermoscopy ,Acral lentiginous melanoma ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Nevus ,Child ,education ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Melanoma ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Nevus, Pigmented ,education.field_of_study ,Chi-Square Distribution ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: Compared with Caucasians, unique demographic and clinical features have been reported in Chinese patients with malignant melanoma, but similar comparative studies of melanocytic nevi (MN) are lacking. This study examined the clinical and dermoscopic features of MN in surgically treated Chinese cases. Methods: Clinical data and dermoscopic findings from 1046 cases of MN were collected and analyzed. Cases were treated from January 1 to December 31, 2014 at the Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital. The association between nevi location and histologic subtypes was examined with Chi-squared test and univariate logistic regression. Chi-squared test was also used to analyze the proportion of globular patterns across different body sites, and proportion of parallel furrow patterns across different histologic subtypes. Results: The majority of the nevi were from female patients, irrespective of location. The range of age at the time of nevi onset was from 0 (birth) to 79 years. There were 381 (36.4%, 381/1046) congenital nevi; of these 81.6% (311/381) were present at birth. Nevi appeared before 30 years of age in 83.2% (870/1046) of the cases. Median values of length growth rate in congenital and acquired MN were 2.0 and 1.6, respectively. Median values of length growth rates in four age groups (0–9, 10–19, 20–29, and ≥30 years) of congenital nevi were 2.2, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.0, respectively. In acral nevi, which often need to be differentiated from acral lentiginous melanoma, 50.2% (109/217) were junctional (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.572 [52.210–160.959], P < 0.05). Acral location was also associated with a higher likelihood of compound nevi subtype (OR [95% CI]: 14.468 [8.981–23.306], P < 0.05). The globular (59.4%, 354/596) and pseudonetwork (48.8%, 291/596) dermoscopic patterns were often seen in the head and neck region. In areas other than head and neck and acral regions, the globular pattern was the commonest pattern (34.8%, 71/204) regardless of age. Parallel furrow pattern occurred in 46.0% (87/189) of acral MN, followed by fibrillar pattern (21.7%, 41/189). Conclusion: Unique clinical and dermoscopic features exist in Chinese patients with MN compared with observations reported in other population. Key words: Nevus; Melanoma; Dermoscopy
- Published
- 2019
47. De-escalation of antianginal medications after successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Frequency and relationship with health status
- Author
-
J. Aaron Grantham, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Justin P Sheehy, William Lombardi, Yuanyuan Tang, Suzanne V. Arnold, William J. Nicholson, Phil Jones, Mohammed Qintar, David J. Cohen, James Sapontis, John A. Spertus, Adam C. Salisbury, Taishi Hirai, Jeffery W. Moses, and Christian Patterson
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Health Status ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Myocardial Ischemia ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Revascularization ,Article ,Angina Pectoris ,Angina ,03 medical and health sciences ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ranolazine ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Registries ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adverse effect ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Polypharmacy ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Cardiovascular Agents ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,Nitro Compounds ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Dyspnea ,Logistic Models ,Coronary Occlusion ,Chronic Disease ,Conventional PCI ,Quality of Life ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Background Successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can markedly reduce angina symptom burden, but many patients often remain on multiple antianginal medications (AAMs) after the procedure. It is unclear when, or if, AAMs can be de-escalated to prevent adverse effects or limit polypharmacy. We examined the association of de-escalation of AAMs after CTO PCI with long-term health status. Methods In a 12-center registry of consecutive CTO PCI patients, health status was assessed at 6 months after successful CTO PCI with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the Rose Dyspnea Scale. Among patients with technical CTO PCI success, we examined the association of AAM de-escalation with 6-month health status using multivariable models adjusting for revascularization completeness and predicted risk of post-PCI angina (using a validated risk model). We also examined predictors and variability of AAMs de-escalation. Results Of 669 patients with technical success of CTO PCI, AAMs were de-escalated in 276 (35.9%) patients at 1 month. Patients with AAM de-escalation reported similar angina and dyspnea rates at 6 months compared with those whose AAMs were reduced (any angina: 22.5% vs 20%, P = .43; any dyspnea: 51.8% vs 50.1%, P = .40). In a multivariable model adjusting for complete revascularization and predicted risk of post-PCI angina, de-escalation of AAMs at 1 month was not associated with an increased risk of angina, dyspnea, or worse health status at 6 months. Conclusions Among patients with successful CTO PCI, de-escalation of AAMs occurred in about one-third of patients at 1 month and was not associated with worse long-term health status.
- Published
- 2019
48. Transversus abdominis plane block reduces pain and narcotic consumption after robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy
- Author
-
Monica Solis-Velasco, Mark P. Callery, Koen Verkoulen, Vimal Akhouri, Ammara A. Watkins, Tara S. Kent, Ana Sofia Ore Carranza, Kathryn A. Stackhouse, and A. James Moser
- Subjects
Male ,Databases, Factual ,Narcotic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030230 surgery ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pancreatectomy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robotic Surgical Procedures ,Reference Values ,Transversus Abdominis Plane Block ,medicine ,Humans ,Pain Management ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Abdominal Muscles ,Aged ,Pain Measurement ,Retrospective Studies ,Bupivacaine ,Pain, Postoperative ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Nerve Block ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Treatment Outcome ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anesthesia ,Cohort ,Morphine ,Female ,business ,Chi-squared distribution ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Minimizing pain and disability are key postoperative objectives of robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RADP). This study tested effects of bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on opioid consumption and pain after RADP. Methods Retrospective case-control study (June 2012 -Oct 2017) evaluating bilateral intraoperative bupivacaine TAP block as an interrupted time series. Linear regression evaluated opioid consumption in terms of intravenous (IV) morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and controlled for preoperative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores. Results 81 RADP patients met eligibility, 48 before and 33 after implementation of TAP. Baseline characteristics were equivalent with a trend toward higher age, Charlson comorbidity, and ASA score among the TAP cohort. TAP patients consumed on average 4.52 fewer IV MME than controls during the first six postoperative hours (p = 0.032) and reported lower mean NRS scores at six (p = 0.009) and 12 h (p = 0.006) but not at 24 h (p = 0.129). Postoperative morbidity and lengths of stay (LOS) were equivalent (5 vs. 6 days, p = 0.428). Conclusion Bupivacaine TAP block was associated with significant reductions in opioid consumption and pain after RADP but did not shorten hospital LOS consistent with bupivacaine's limited half-life.
- Published
- 2019
49. Quantification of Acute Skin Toxicities in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Adjuvant Proton versus Photon Radiation Therapy: A Single Institutional Experience
- Author
-
C. DeCesaris, Søren M. Bentzen, Mark V. Mishra, Stephanie R. Rice, Elizabeth M. Nichols, and Jenna Jatczak
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiation ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Lumpectomy ,medicine.disease ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Radiation therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Skin hyperpigmentation ,Toxicity ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,business ,Radiation treatment planning ,Chi-squared distribution ,Mastectomy - Abstract
Purpose Acute skin toxicity in the form of radiation dermatitis (RD) or skin hyperpigmentation (SH) is a common problem experienced by patients undergoing breast irradiation. Proton radiation has been thought to deliver higher doses to skin compared with photon radiation because of differences in the physical properties between photons and protons; however, limited literature exists directly comparing toxicity outcomes. Methods and Materials The highest recorded grades of acute RD and SH were analyzed in 86 patients undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy to the breast with or without regional lymph nodes after lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) or mastectomy with either proton pencil-beam scanning (n = 39) or photon (n = 47) radiation therapy within a single institution to analyze differences in severity of acute skin reactions. For 34 of 47 photon and 33 of 39 proton patients, a “skin” contour was retroactively created in our treatment planning systems, and multiple dosimetric parameters were calculated to quantify objective radiation doses received by skin. Results On χ2 analysis, the highest reported grade of RD was significantly higher in women undergoing proton radiation compared with photon radiation; grade ≥2 RD was present in 69.2% versus 29.8% of patients receiving proton and photon therapy, respectively (P = .002). Rates of grade 3 RD were 5.1% versus 4.3% for proton versus photon radiation, respectively (P = .848). Overall, there were no significant differences in rates of SH between modalities. There were no grade 4 to 5 toxicities in either cohort. Conclusions In a comparison with patients receiving photon radiation, a significantly higher rate of grade ≥2 RD was observed in patients undergoing proton radiation, with very low rates of grade 3 toxicity in both groups. Rates of SH did not differ significantly between modalities. Women should be counseled regarding the possibility of increased grade 2 toxicities, although this might present a dosimetric advantage for physicians when treating patients in the postmastectomy setting or when skin was involved on presentation.
- Published
- 2019
50. Variable management strategies for NEC totalis: a national survey
- Author
-
Mark R. Mercurio, Daniel Kamin, Doruk Ozgediz, Muriel A. Cleary, Veronika Shabanova, Alaina K. Pyle, and Christy L. Cummings
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,What treatment ,business.industry ,Cross-sectional study ,MEDLINE ,Psychological intervention ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Family medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Necrotizing enterocolitis ,Pediatric surgery ,medicine ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious disease linked to prematurity. A variant, NEC totalis, is associated with nearly 100% mortality. There is wide variation in counseling practices for NEC totalis. Our objectives are to determine what treatment options, if any, are offered to families, and which factors influence these decisions. An anonymous survey was distributed to members of the AAP Sections on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Pediatric Surgery. Data were analyzed utilizing chi-square tests and Spearman correlations, where applicable. In the setting of NEC totalis, 90% of the 378 respondents viewed offering life-sustaining interventions (LSI) as ethically permissible and 87% felt that transfer to another center willing to provide LSI should be considered; however, only 43% reported offering LSI to families. Management of NEC totalis remains challenging and significant practice variability persists. Most respondents do not offer ongoing medical/surgical management, despite believing it is an ethically permissible option.
- Published
- 2019
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.