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Purpose This study scrutinizes the convergence between commercial advertising and the political vision of social movement in media advertisements. This study deliberates how commercial advertisement could be compatible with movement discourses and social resistance. Such hybridization between commercial narration and movement discourses is different from political advertising sponsored by political and civic organizations. This study uses an advertising campaign in Hong Kong which expressed outcry against police search on an outspoken media as a case study to conceptualize advertising activism with the thematic analysis of the movement discourses shown in printed advertisements. This study aims to engage with scholarly dialogue surrounding social movement studies and discuss how movement discourses could hybridize with commercial advertisement. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the discourses and textual features of an advertising campaign initiated by the public instead of political elites and social movement organizations in Hong Kong, in which various individual citizens, anonymous participants, business enterprises and civic organizations expressed their anger over a police search against an outspoken media (Apple Daily) by Hong Kong police. This bottom-up advertising campaign shows how the narration of commercial advertising could be hybridized with the activism for social resistance, which is conceptualized as advertising activism in this paper. Findings Based on the textual features and discourses embedded in the advertisements, this study investigates the printed advertisements mushroomed in Apple Daily since the police search in August 2020 by the thematic analysis under the concept of advertising activism: frame construction, identities mobilization and decentered solidarity. Advertising activism differs from commercial and political advertising from two ways. Firstly, its advertisements are cosponsored by numerous nonpolitically well-known individuals or organizations. Secondly, advertising activism feature with hybridization between commercial narration and political or movement discourses. Discourses of advertising activism aim to mobilize the commercial identity of consumers for noncommercial means by their consumption behaviors. Originality/value The findings illustrate a hybridization of commercial narration and movement discourses stemming from social movement and identity politics, which is coined by our conceptualization of advertising activism. While commercial and political advertising focus on business promotion and political messages, respectively, advertising activism demonstrates multiple layers of cultural meanings on the consumption behaviors which hybridize with political and movement discourses. The authors hope this study could unleash further intellectual dialogue on the social role of advertising in social movement and how movement discourses “spillover” from social events to the commercial advertisement.

Lateral heel pain can have numerous causes and many of them are intra-articular pathologies of the anterior and posterior subtalar joint. Frequently, there is not a single pathology that account for the lateral heel pain and combination of different pathologies can occur. Symptomatic too-long anterior process of the calcaneus, sinus tarsi syndrome, and subtalar arthrofibrosis can be precipitated by repeated sprain. Cases recalcitrant to conservative treatment are indicated for surgery. The purpose of this Technical Note is to report a 2-portal arthroscopic approach to address these pathologies., Technique Video Video 1 Arthroscopic resection of too-long anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus, anterior subtalar synovectomy, debridement of the sinus tarsi, and posterior subtalar adhesiolysis of the left foot via anterolateral subtalar and dorsolateral midtarsal portals. The patient is in the lateral position. The anterolateral subtalar portal is the viewing portal and dorsolateral midtarsal portal is the working portal. Anterior subtalar synovectomy is performed. The anterior subtalar joint is traced distally to the TLAP lesion, which is then resected with an arthroscopic acromionizer. The arthroscope is switched to the dorsolateral midtarsal portal and the sinus tarsi is debrided with the arthroscopic shaver via the anterolateral midtarsal portal. The fibrotic posterior subtalar capsule is then resected followed by synovectomy. The fibrous tissue of the lateral and anterior recesses of the posterior subtalar joint is resected. The fibrous tissue between the articular surfaces is loosened with an arthroscopic probe and then resected with the shaver. Finally, the fibrous tissue of the posterior gutter is resected.

Ganglion is the most common soft tissue mass in the foot and can be painful and affect comfort wearing shoes. The usual treatment of a ganglion is conservative: careful neglect, manual rupture, or aspiration. When the lesion is recurrent or painful, surgical excision is recommended. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the extraganglionic approach of endoscopic ganglionectomy of the extensor digitorum longus tendon. This surgery has the advantage of being minimally invasive and having better cosmetic result, with less surgical trauma to the soft tissue. Level of Evidence Level 1: foot and ankle; Level 2: other (ganglion)., Technique Video Video 1 Endoscopic ganglionectomy of the extensor digitorum longus tendon of the right foot: an extraganglionic approach. The patient is in a supine position. The distal portal is the viewing portal, and the superficial wall of the ganglion is fenestrated with an arthroscopic shaver, and the mucinous content of the ganglion is drained. The proximal part of the ganglion is then resected with the shaver with caution to preserve the extensor digitorum longus tendon and the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. After that, the arthroscope is switched to the proximal portal, and the distal part of the ganglion is resected by the shaver via the distal portal. After the procedure, the portal incisions are closed with simple dressing, and the compression dressing is applied.

This article examines China’s media image in Hong Kong’s health crises of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003 and the coronavirus disease-19 in 2020. Both diseases were allegedly transmitted from mainland China to Hong Kong, which triggered extensive media coverage and intensive debates over China’s role in epidemic control, reaction, and its trust in Hong Kong and the world. In 2003, China established a relatively positive and constructive media image in Hong Kong during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome crisis, particularly when Chinese state leaders made themselves visible to the people. However, in the wake of coronavirus disease-19, media and public discourses have speculated about China’s failure to contain the pandemic, questioning China’s informational credibility. Theoretically, we argue that the comparison of China’s media image in Hong Kong during the health crises of severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease-19 indicates that China’s international image has shifted from a soft power to a sharp power. While Hong Kong is under Chinese sovereignty as a Special Administrative Region of China and a global financial and business hub, its media discourses continue to indicate how overseas opinion perceives the rise of China and its performance as a global citizen. Our findings show that the scholarly dialogues on soft power and sharp power were manifested in the news frames of severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease-19 in Hong Kong. We will conceptualize the shifting media image by revisiting the concepts of soft power, sharp power, and the international debate on the rise of China in recent decades.

During democratic backsliding, the state can curtail press freedom through the legalization of press control, that is, the establishment and utilization of legal instruments for the purpose of controlling the media and journalistic work. Drawing upon the literature on authoritarian rule of law, this article emphasizes that legalization of press control has to be examined by paying attention to both the conspicuous and subtle measures that constitute the legal minefield for journalism, the evolution of official discourses that aim at legitimizing the laws and their implementation, and the changing politics of self-censorship as journalists and the society react to emerging legal risks. The empirical analysis focuses on Hong Kong after the establishment of the National Security Law in June 2020. The article offers an updated analytical account of press freedom in Hong Kong and the conceptualization of a process possibly observable in other authoritarian states or hybrid regimes.

This study aims to understand the determinants of escape from echo chambers. Social media users can control the content to which they are exposed by confining their contacts to like-minded individuals. The resulting echo chamber effect can reinforce existing views and discourage rational discussion. We conducted a survey with a representative sample of 1969 respondents in 2020. Contrary to common expectation, a liberal political orientation was insignificant in predicting reference to differing views, but political partisanship, media trust, time spent on social media, education levels, and gender were significant. Those who spent more time on social media and had lower trust in media were found to refer to other views more frequently and were less susceptible to the echo chamber effect. The results of this study suggest that open-mindedness, independence, critical scepticism, and social activeness are significant resources for one to escape from the echo chamber.

Purpose This paper aims to unravel how the formation of Hong Kong citizenship intertwines with controversies over global citizenship, national identities and local identity in post-handover Hong Kong. It aims to engage the case study of Hong Kong to the academic dialogue surrounding global citizenship, especially its contested compatibility with national identities and various political communities. Design/methodology/approach The data of this paper came from the territory-wide survey data conducted by the Public Opinion Programme of the University of Hong Kong (HKUPOP). The study cleans the survey data from 2008 to 2018, performs various regression models and concludes the findings based on longitudinal analyses of the dataset. Findings Drawing upon the survey data from 2008 to 2018, this study shows that the identities of Hong Kong people, Chinese in general, ethnic Chinese and citizen of Chinese regime demonstrate varying compatibility to the identity of Global citizen. Such discrepancies are more pronounced when the data are broken down into the youth (aged 18-29) and the adults, and a temporal comparison was exercised before and after the Umbrella Movement in 2014. The identity of Global citizen is compatible to the local identity of Hong Kong people when comparing with its congruence with national identities. On the contrary, the statist national identity (citizen of People’s Republic of China) indicates the least level of compatibility with the notion of Global citizen in Hong Kong. Originality/value This paper unravels that the identity of global citizen could be more compatible with local identities at sub-national level than the national identities in Hong Kong. While scholarly deliberation of global citizenship contemplates on the moral and political responsibility beyond national interest, the case study of Hong Kong illustrates the multi-facets of national identities, and the local identity at sub-national level could have different compatibilities with the identity of global citizen. The findings could bring research implication to the studies of global citizenship.

This study puts forth two new members of fully ortho-benzannulated [ n]circulenes, heptabenzo[7]circulene and octabenzo[8]circulene, which are new negatively curved nanographenes and also represent unprecedented structures of septuple [4]helicene and octuple [4]helicene, respectively. The successful synthesis of them through Scholl reaction in good to excellent yields takes advantage of the reactivity of naphthalene. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal that heptabenzo[7]circulene and octabenzo[8]circulene are both flexible π-molecules and adopt saddle-shaped geometry of C

This study presents a new type of negatively curved nanographene (C86 H32 ) that contains an unprecedented pattern of heptagons. A tert-butylated derivative of C86 H32 was successfully synthesized using tetrabenzodipleiadiene as a key building block. This synthesis involved a ring expansion reaction as a key step to form the seven-membered rings in the framework of tetrabenzodipleiadiene. The single-crystal structure reveals a saddle-shaped molecule with a highly bent naphthalene moiety at the center of the polycyclic backbone. As found from the DFT calculations, this aromatic saddle is flexible at room temperature and has a saddle-shaped geometry as the dominant conformation. The DFT calculations along with experimental results show that the attachment of t-butyl groups to the central tetrabenzodipleiadiene moiety of nanographene C86 H32 can stabilize the saddle conformation and make this nanographene less flexible.

This study examines the formation of Hong Kong identity and its cultural articulation in Chinese identity in the post-handover years. Surveys of Hong Kong identity conducted between 1996 and 2016 demonstrate a set of interlinked yet contradictory findings: (i) the coexistence of both cultural pride in and resistance to cultural icons that represent the Chinese state; (ii) weakening correlations between China and Hong Kong regarding cultural affiliation; and (iii) the growing significance of cultural resistance to China by people who love Hong Kong. The survey results indicate the prevalence of an ambivalent identity in post-handover Hong Kong with regard to the coexistence of opposing attitudes toward Chinese identity. These results provide evidence of the complex cultural bonding between China and Hong Kong in the development of the China–Hong Kong relationship since the handover in 1997.

The discourses of localism have been redefining the political spectrum, cultural practices, and identity politics of Hong Kong. A growing body of literature considers how China’s domination has fueled the rise of localism in Hong Kong. Drawing on the content and textual analyses of news media and other empirical evidence, this article scrutinizes the opportunity structure in post-handover Hong Kong to show that it facilitates the formation of localist discourses. It situates the localism of Hong Kong as the response to the social changes and China’s encroachment on the city in the post-handover years. Specifically, it focuses on the emergence of progressive localism prior to the recent deterioration of the China–Hong Kong relationship, the radicalization of social movements, and the continuing effects of critical post-handover events in Hong Kong. The study re-conceptualizes the localism of Hong Kong from the central–peripheral tension arising from China’s hegemony to the dynamic discursive formation of a...

Herein we report synthesis, structure and properties of a new type of twisted nanographene, which contains an [8]circulene moiety in a polycyclic framework of 96 sp2 carbon atoms. The key steps in this synthesis are the Diels-Alder reaction of a macrocyclic diyne and the subsequent Scholl reaction forming the [8]circulene moiety. Two incompletely cyclized products were isolated from the Scholl reaction, providing insight into the cyclization of the strained octagon. This nanographene is twisted along two directions with end-to-end twists of 142.4° and 140.2° as revealed by X-ray crystallography, and is flexible at room temperature as found from the computational and experimental studies.

Purpose This paper explicates news making process of social risks in the midst of inconclusive social facts and contested interpretation of social consequences. Specifically, the author aims to investigate how journalists perform the normative role of “Burglar Alarms” – raising social concern to risks and problems amid uncertainties stemming from risk society. Shedding light on the controversies of “tourism capacity” in Hong Kong, this study unravels how news discourses represented the social risks of “outnumbered” Chinese tourists amid ambiguous facts and questionable credibility of news sources. Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of news discourses was represented in the press and in-depth interviews with journalists. Findings Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Originality/value Informed by the theory of risk society, this paper explores how journalists set out the “Burglar Alarms” of social risks by constructing social facts in the midst of questionable authorities and limited expert advice. Instead of relying on authoritative interpretation of social risks, journalists performed as the witnesses to the “reality” of social risks and problems, however selective and interpretative, to the audience. They also articulated to the general will of the people and selective representation of everyday life experience so as to justify their opinionated news angle and the pledge to news objectivity.

This paper revisits the socio-cultural impact of culture jamming, a practice which stems from social movement to derail mainstream values and corporate branding. Culture jamming aims to convey messages of social resistance by adding satirical and alternative cultural meaning to the icons representing corporate brands and social mainstream values. However, in view of the rise of social media networks and viral campaigns, culture jamming could paradoxically be incorporated by authorities and corporations for their own promotional purposes. By conducting textual and content analysis of a viral campaign in Hong Kong—a fictitious icon promoting life-saving by the Fire Services Department of Hong Kong government, this paper discusses the conditions which facilitate such mainstreaming incorporation of culture jamming. The study hopes to foster scholarly dialogue on the versatility of culture jamming across the fields of social movement and business branding.

In the risk society that has resulted from modernization, power rests with those who define risks. In the midst of uncertainties and controversies surrounding unpredictable risks, the news value of objectivity becomes a key justification for news organizations and journalists narrating speculation of social risks in news discourses. I shed light on the theorization of ‘media template’, and construct a three-step model to examine how highly unknown social risks are constructed as social facts in the process of news-making. News discourse first represents a simplified and distorted ‘lesson learnt’ from a past exemplary event of concerned social risk. Second, it marginalizes meanings other than those constructed by that exemplar. Last, the news discourse ‘repairs’ its narration when contradictory evidence emerges. I explicate the model by demonstrating how Hong Kong’s news discourse about the Swine Flu pandemic in 2009 drew upon the exemplar of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic in 2003. I also discuss the implications of media template to news construction of social risks with reference to the theoretical underpinnings of risk society.

In Media power in Hong Kong: Hyper-marketized media and cultural resistance, Charles Cheung, an emerging cultural scholar, investigates the formation of media discourses and their power dynamics by...

Social crises are a huge challenge to the performance of the media. The norms and routines of news making with which journalists comply can become problematic in the context of intensive public sentiment and empathy. News values, including the sacred belief in objective reporting, are questioned in the light of controversies over editorial judgment within and outside the newsroom. I examine the contested news values that manifested in the Umbrella Movement of Hong Kong in 2014. In particular, I focus on the arguments and deliberations regarding news objectivity, which involved several parameters of the performance of the media during this social crisis.

Scholarly dialogue of post-handover Hong Kong has been addressing China’s rising hegemonic force over this former Crown colony. However, there is a seething defiance to China and Chinese identity in Hong Kong when it reaches the second decade after the handover. Such unexpected cultural uneasiness compels academic interest in examining why China’s cooptation of Hong Kong has resulted in confrontational public sentiment. Based on content and textual analysis of news representation of Mainland Chinese tourists in Hong Kong from 2003 to 2015, I documented how Hong Kong gradually perceived the Individual Visit Scheme (IVS), a policy which permits Chinese tourists visiting Hong Kong on an individual basis, as a social threat rather than market opportunity. I also contemplate on public discourses surrounding China-Hong Kong integration which conceive varying cultural positions of China.

This chapter demonstrates the vulnerability to social risks of varying social strata in Hong Kong. We consolidate and compare the income, occupational statistics and employment conditions vis-a-vis key economic indicators from 1993 to 2013. The study period covers several global economic crises with which Hong Kong significantly afflicted since its handover to China—notably the Asian financial storm (1998), the epidemic crisis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (2003), and the global financial tsunami (2008–09). Despite the recovery of Hong Kong’s economy since the aftermath of the financial tsunami, data show divergent employment conditions between the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ throughout the study period. The findings are indicative of unequal vulnerability to social risks of different social strata. This study thus echoes to the scholarly dialogue surrounding risk society theory, in particular the unequal distribution of social risk to those with varying socio-economic conditions.

Large wikis such as Wikipedia attract large numbers of editors continuously editing content. It is difficult to observe what editing activity goes on at any given moment, what editing patterns can be observed, and which are the currently active editors and articles. We introduce the design and implementation of an information visualization tool for data streams of recent changes in wikis that aims to address this difficulty. We also show examples of our visualizations from English Wikipedia, and present several patterns of editing activity that we have visually identified using our tool. We have evaluated our tool’s usability, accuracy and speed of task performance in comparison with Wikipedia’s recent changes page, and have obtained qualitative feedback from users on the pros and cons of our tool. We also present a review of the related literature.

Large wikis such as Wikipedia attract large numbers of editors continuously editing content. It is difficult to observe what editing activity goes on at any given moment, what editing patterns can be observed, and which are the currently active editors and articles. We introduce the design and implementation of an information visualization tool for streaming data on recent changes in wikis that aims to address this difficulty, show examples of our visualizations from English Wikipedia, and present several patterns of editing activity that we can visually identify using our tool.

In this paper, we studied the semantic consistency maintenance issue between heterogeneous contexts, that is, how a firm' business process of one e-marketplace can be transformed to another firm's business process of another e-marketplace in a semantically consistent way. The proposed solution of this paper uses XML Product Map (XPM) of collaborative concept to represent semantically consistent business processes, and adopts common action concept pool and XPM documents to design heterogeneous business processes that are suitable for heterogeneous business process transformation. We motivated the approach with a real-world PVC poncho trade problem and explained it in architecture of collaborative process design and automatic service provision. We reported the implementation specification within a hybrid human-agent framework, where four layers of system modules are specified. The approach is evaluated based on a new semantic impact chain method particularly for evaluating concept consistency in meaning representation between heterogeneous contexts of business processes.

In this paper we study the semantic consistency maintenance issue between heterogeneous contexts, that is, how an inquiry from an unknown user of an e-marketplace can be received and answered in a semantically consistent way by a firm that is not in the context of the userpsilas e-marketplace. The proposed solution uses XPM to represent semantically consistent business concepts and adopts defeasible logic to reason with XPM document-oriented business rules for inquiring and offering. We motivate the approach with a real-world apartment rental problem, and explain it in architecture of collaborative business process design and automatic service provision. Finally, we report on an implementation specification within a hybrid human-agent framework.