Search

Abstract: Colour has been studied from multiple points of view: naming, perceptual effects, physiological effects, psychological effects, curative effects, etc. The correlation of colours with symbolic attributes has been understudied. An experiment was designed to investigate the correlation between colours and symbolic attributes. There were selected 24 meaningful colours and 24 symbolic attributes. The experiment was run with 549 participants. Since the two variables are categorical, the Chi Square test was applied, and the result indicated the existence of a colour-attribute correlation. Also, the strongest correlations has been indicated in the paper.

U radu je prikazana primena neparametarskog Hi kvadrat testa na raspodelu obeležja X u elektroenergetici, kao nova metoda za analiziranje SCADA izveštaja. To je statistička metoda za analiziranje izveštaja različitog tipa, njihovo organizovanje, sažeto prikazivanje i izvlačenje zaključaka na osnovu informacija koje sadrže. U konkretnom slučaju, u radu je testirano stanje energetskog transformatora TR2, uz pripadajuća polja: C03-trafo polje TRP2 400 kV i D18-trafo polje TRP2 220 kV u trafostanici Obrenovac.

India is a multilingual country. Hindi is the national language of India and Devanãgri script is used to write Hindi language. Various documents with legal value are made in Devanãgri script, which may be questioned for their authenticity and authorship. Sufficient research has been done and reported about different scripts. However, researches based on Devanãgri script are limited. This study focuses on finding the significant class characteristics of writers from three different states of India, namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The data was also statistically analysed using Pearson’s Chi-Square test for its significance. Handwriting samples from 300 subjects were collected from three different states of India to analyze various class characteristics in Devanãgri script. The samples were examined qualitatively and statistically. Various general characteristics were selected for the analysis and characteristic features were tabulated after qualitative examination. Statistical analysis showed that the data was statistically significant. The general characteristics selected for the analysis and comparison of the handwriting samples in Devanãgri script were found to be significant. The impact of regional scripts on the Devanãgri script should be performed, as the influence of regional language could be seen in the samples collected from Punjab.

This paper aims to identify the factors which affect the consumption of organic foods such as natural milk and olive oil on an international scale. It should be mentioned that the factors examined are gender, age, nationality, educational level, and occupation of consumers. The study was explored through an online survey between January-November 2022 among 155 respondents from 14 countries; most of them are from Turkey, Algeria, Pakistan, Georgia, and India. Then, the results were analysed through SPSS software V26. As results, the independence between the consumption of organic food and the demographics variables is confirmed. It means that all corposants of each variable are related to the consumption of organic product. Indeed, the limit of this study is in the number of sampled population (155), besides, some countries such as Libya, France, Mali; Italy; and Ethiopia are represented by one participant for each country. Consequently, the result obtained can’t be generatedd all worldwide. The same observation for some occupations (Judge, Nurse, Pharmacist and dentist), are not fully sufficient to be analysed further.

This paper proposed an approach for the identification of mutation mechanisms of breast cancer in women in four member countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium i.e. Egypt, Jordan, Cyprus and Israel (Arabs and Jews). We set up multistage models including both gene mutation and the clonal expansion of intermediate cells. We fit the data-set related to the incidence of female breast cancer in the four member countries. Our simulation results show that the maximum number of driver mutations of breast epithelium stem cells of Egyptian women is 13, whereas there are 14 driver mutations in the genome of stem cells of female patients in Jordan, Cyprus and Israel (Arabs and Jews). In addition, the 3, 10, 5, 5 and 4 stage models are the optimal ones for the tumorigenesis of females in Egypt, Jordan, Cyprus, Israel (Arabs) and Israel (Jews), respectively. The genomic instability is caused by first three driver mutations.

Air pollution is a serious issue in most parts of Bihar, especially in its capital city, Patna. The air quality in Patna has significantly worsened due to factors like rapid urbanization, increased traffic, and various natural and human-related causes. This decline in air quality has led to several negative health effects. In light of this, the aim of this study was to examine how air pollution affects the long-term health of Patna’s residents, taking into account age and exposure time as important factors. We gathered data from one busy intersection in Patna, specifically Danapur. Health effects from air pollution were collected from the residents via a formatted questionnaire. To analyze the relationship between age, exposure time, and the health effects reported by the participants, we used a statistical test called the chi square test of independence. The findings of the study revealed a clear link between age, exposure time, and the health status of the participants. We concluded that older individuals and those with longer exposure times faced a higher risk associated with the increasing air pollution levels. This study provides a foundation for raising awareness among both authorities and the general public of the adverse health impacts associated with declining air quality, emphasizing the urgency in taking appropriate measures to counter this challenge.

In this paper, we used the maximum likelihood estimation method to find the estimation values ​​for survival and hazard rate functions of the Exponential Rayleigh distribution based on a sample of the real data for lung cancer and stomach cancer obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, Department of Medical City, Tumor Teaching Hospital, depending on patients' diagnosis records and number of days the patient remains in the hospital until his death.

In the modern-day working environment, it is highly important for employees and employers to achieve proper work life balance. The increased demands and expectations on the role of academicians have results in balancing their responsibilities at work and at home is gaining more importance. Previous research has stated that the women academicians need to focus in class preparation creation of lesson plan involve in counselling and guidance of the students etc and also need to manage their personal life and other activities at home. Moreover, the ever-changing trends in the higher education like application of technology, online class modalities, support in increasing the brand image of the institutions. The increased job responsibilities in the work area tend to impact the management of personal life of the women academicians. This may lead to unpleasant issues in the family and their health and wellbeing are also impacted greatly. Hence, coping up with these extremities are not an easy task and hence, the current study is more involved in understanding the challenges and strategies to overcome the work life imbalance among women academicians. The researchers intend to analyse the critical factors and strategies which influences in enhancing the work life balance among women academicians, the researchers have used both primary data and secondary data for performing the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to reducing physical activity, we have a significant increase in living standards, which also increases the risk of developing overweight. Therefore, fitness as a physical activity, as a tool in terms of movement therapy, is increasingly finding application in contemporary life. With the increase of interest for fitness there is also the interest for the use of dietary supplements among the population which performing fitness.The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of use of dietary supplements in people who exercise in fitness centers, what are the reasons for their use and the types of supplements used by them. The Hi-square (x2) test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies. The results obtained show that the majority of respondents use supplements (78%), and that the source of information about the use of supplements in fitness is the fitness instructor with 56%.Among the reasons for applying supplements in fitness is the reduction of fat mass by 70%, weight loss by 70% and replacement of food deficiencies 46%. The most used supplements are Casein (protein) with 58%, L-carnitine / body attack (weight loss) with 34%, Fish oil omega 3 with 30%, Hydraxycut - elite (weight loss) with 26%.It has been proven that with the increase of interest of female persons for fitness, their interest for the use of dietary supplements has also increased.

The present study was conducted in Anekal taluk of Bengaluru Rural district of Karnataka during 2020-21 to analyze the attitude of farmers towards rose cultivation and to identify the production problems of farmers. Sixty rose growers were personally interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule. Attitude of rose growers was analyzed using the scale developed by Mangal Singh (2014). The scale consisted of 14 attitude statements and the response for each attitude statement of rose growers was measured on 'Likert (1932) format' using five response continuum of strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree with a score of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the present study. The results revealed that a majority of the farmers (51.67 %) were possessing more favourable attitude towards rose cultivation, whereas 31.67 and less than one-fifth (16.66 %) of the respondents were possessing favourable and less favourable attitude, respectively. Chi square test revealed that education, land holding, annual income, cosmopoliteness, mass media participation, extension agency contact and extension participation of rose growers had significant to highly significant association with their attitude towards rose cultivation. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that ten independent variables together contributed to the tune of nearly 72.18 per cent out of the variation in the development of favourable attitude towards rose cultivation among the respondents. High investment for cultivating rose and incidence of pests and disease were the major production problems faced by the farmers in rose cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Households face constraints in the financial decision-making process. Literature puts forward many factors and constraints that impact on the decision-making process of households. These constraints range from a lack of financial education to a lack of financial means. Consequently, this study examines which factors affect households' investment decisions in Suriname. The study follows a research design consisting of sampling, instrument development process, and a data collection process. The population under consideration consists of 140,367 heads of households, based on the Census Statistics of 2012. Heads of the household are surveyed as they are considered the ones representing a family. The sample consists of 127 households in Suriname, consistent with a margin of error of around 8.7%. We analyze the survey responses deploying descriptive statistics, correlations, and Chi-square tests. The study includes the variables age, gender, household size, financial literacy, risk perception, income level, and education level as possible indicators related to households' decisions on investing in financial products. The survey data showed that around threequarters of surveyed households have outstanding investments. The majority of the households that have invested have done so in term deposits at banks, followed by savings insurance accounts. More than half of surveyed households have invested in foreign currency. Even though women were predominantly the heads of the household in our sample, they invested less frequently than men. The Chi-square test results point to a statistically significant relationship between financial literacy and investing. The second and obvious statistically significant relationship is found between the income level and investing. The education level does not hold a statistically significant relationship with investing. Nevertheless, the findings of the empirical analysis are similar to other studies. As the income level is a crucial determinant of investing, the study confirms the importance of a healthy macroeconomic climate. Furthermore, based on the findings of this research, the main policy implication can be centered on the importance of financial literacy. In this regard, we recommend formulating and implementing a national financial inclusion strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conducting examinations by the educational institutions during COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging to contain spread of infection and instil confidence amongst students and staff. Objective: To test the satisfaction levels of students and staff towards the protective measures taken up by college during examinations in the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Research study is target group oriented, online data collection through social media. Methods and Material: Online survey was conducted (n=768) using a questionnaire with multiple-choice questions. Statistical analysis used: Chi-square test, ANOVA one way classification and t-test for difference of means through python. Results: Responses of the survey have indicated that sanitization measures taken were very effective (97.0%), felt safe in the examination rooms (97.0%), were instructed about physical distancing (98.83%), satisfied for protective measures taken at entrance (92.93%), college website was followed to understand sanitization measures taken up (90.49%) Conclusion: By ensuring effective implementation of all protective measures, confidence among students and staff can be instilled and relieves stress and anxiety amongst them during COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted to study the nature of inheritance of MYMV among intra-specific crosses among three MYMV susceptible and five MYMV resistant genotypes of green gram. The molecular screening and hotspot evaluation is carried out in fifteen F1 progenies and 8 F2 families, respectively. The yellow mosaic-affected leaf samples gave positive results with MYMIV specific primer pairs YFP1/YRP1 and YFP2/YRP2 amplified fragments having size of 704bp and 648 bp, respectively. Coat protein gene sequence analysis revealed that the identified virus is homologous to MYMV. The inheritance study based on F2 data indicated the ratio of MYMV resistant plants and susceptible plants showed a good fit to expected 3:1 (Susceptible: Resistant) suggesting a typical monogenic recessive gene governing resistant reaction to MYMV besides resting the susceptibility from the susceptible parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study linear and non - linear growth models are applied to 10 years of medical literature published by the faculties of All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) to determine goodness of fit. The curve fitting methodology is used to fit the growth of the research literature of AIIMS. It is found that exponential growth model fits at y = 989.21e0.0648x which is comparatively best among other models. The study evinced mean relative growth rate as 1.915 and doubling times as 5.5999. Multiple linear regression analysis is also used to evaluate the effect of faculty strength and department on the research output of AIIMS. The t statistics prove that faculty strength is the significant independent variable compared to department, but it does not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.344) hence, the faculty strength and the department does not have a remarkable effect on the productivity of AIIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COPD is characterised by persistent airway obstruction in which better clinical outcome can be attained by appropriate management of disease. Adherence to COPD medication is poorly understood due to chronic nature of the disease. It is crucial to identify the barriers of non-adherence to build up and execute policies and interventions to upgrade medication adherence. Objective: To identify the predisposing barriers of medication adherence and to find the association between medication adherence and variables. Methods: A descriptive analytical study was conducted and data was collected from COPD outpatients. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure adherence and self-assessed questionnaire was employed to identify the predictors of poor adherence. Chi square test was carried out to find the relationship between medication adherence and variables such as age, gender, literacy, socioeconomic class, polypharmacy, del ivery device and climate. Results: A total of 403 patients were involved in the study where 68% reported lower adherence. The most common adherence barriers found were forgetfulness (88%), intentional stoppage of medicines when symptoms improve (83%) and negligence towards medication (82%).A significant association was found between gender, literacy, socioeconomic class, polypharmacy, delivery device and climate. Conclusion: Adherence to medication regimen in COPD patients is poor, even though it is a preventable and a treatable disease. Well -structured education, training, counseling is required to overcome medication adherence particularly among illiterate and low socioeconomic class patients. The combined interventions should be used such as video clips demonstrations of inhaler technique should be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper brings into focus the usefulness of chi square test in the field of marketing research. A chi square test represents a statistical tool based on the chi-square distribution of probability, which is easy to apply by a non-mathematician researcher in order to provide an efficient business solution. Therefore, the paper discusses chi-square test requirements and methodology, along with conditions that determine the researcher in marketing to reject or to retain the null hypothesis. Further on, we aim at solving a specific marketing problem with the help of the chi-square test. Our approach involves both” the classical” procedure employed in order to apply a chi-square test and the modern way of finding the solution, which implies the involvement of the SPSS soft.

Acne Vulgaris is recognized as one of the most common dermatological condition which affects the adolescents and young adults all across the globe and in India. An underlying systemic disorder needs to be always considered when evaluating for acne and polycystic ovarian syndrome constitutes the most common condition associated with acne. Hence the current study has been planned with an aim to fill this knowledge gap and enhance the understanding of the association between acne and PCOS. The study findings can be an important step towards the holistic and interdisciplinary care of women presenting with acne. PCOS was considered as the primary outcome variable. The socio demographic parameters like age, Anthropometric parameters like BMI, the severity of acne as assessed by GAGS, associated findings like skin tags, serum testosterone levels etc. measured as descriptive Variables. Descriptive analysis turned into performed by way of imply and popular deviation for quantitative variables, frequency, and amount for definite variables. Data become additionally characterized using appropriate diagrams like bar diagram, pie diagram, and box plots. The con not action among descriptive variables and PCOS changed into assessed by using pass-tabulation and evaluation of probabilities. Chi square test become used to test statistical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the second of a short series of articles aimed towards describing some of the various statistical methods and approaches that have been used in surface finishing. The methods fall broadly into two areas: analysis and design-of-experiments. In the first paper, the subject was briefly introduced followed by a discussion of parametric statistics hypothesis testing. This second paper logically continues with descriptions of the various non-parametric tests and situations where these could be applied, all within the context of surface finishing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computed tomography (CT) used in pediatric pediatrics brain injury (TBI) to ascertain neurological manifestations. Nevertheless, this practice is associated with adverse effects. Reports in the literature suggest incidents of morbidity and mortality in children due to exposure to radiation. Hence, it is found imperative to search for a reliable alternative. Objectives: The aim of this study is to find a reliable clinical alternative to detect an intracranial injury without resorting to the CT. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in patients (1-14 years) with blunt head injury and having a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13-15 who had CT performed on them. Using statistical analysis, the correlation between clinical examination and positive CT manifestation is analyzed for different age-groups and various mechanisms of injury. Results: No statistically significant association between parameteres such as Loss of Consciousness, ′fall′ as mechanism of injury, motor vehicle accidents (MVA), more than two discrete episodes of vomiting and the CT finding of intracranial injury could be noted. Analyzed data have led to believe that GCS of 13 at presentation is the only important clinical predictor of intracranial injury. Conclusion: Retrospective data, small sample size and limited number of factors for assessing clinical manifestation might present constraints on the predictive rule that was derived from this review. Such limitations notwithstanding, the decision to determine which patients should undergo neuroimaging is encouraged to be based on clinical judgments. Further analysis with higher sample sizes may be required to authenticate and validate findings.

Shear wave velocity (VS) is an important parameter from geotechnical earthquake engineering perspective. In the absence of the direct measurement of VS, VS-N correlation serves an alternative for evaluating the shear wave velocity (VS) from standard penetration resistance value (SPT-N) at a particular region. In the present study, an attempt has been made to propose generalized VS-N correlation from the globally available correlations for all soil and specific soil type using various regression procedures and genetic algorithm (GA). Various regression procedures along with GA have been used to assess the sensitivity of generalized VS-N correlations in connection with regression methodology. 1D ground response analysis has been carried out at two bore-hole locations in Kolkata city using the VS obtained from generated correlations and site specific response spectra have been generated at those two locations. Finally, performance of some typical buildings have been studied by nonlinear static analysis procedure using those site specific response spectra developed for proposed VS-N relationships for all type of soil and specific type of soil. The performance of the considered typical buildings has been represented in terms of base shear and roof displacement. Chi square (χ2) test has also been conducted to check the confidence level of base shear and roof displacement obtained by using various developed VS-N relationships varies with the results obtained using available site specific relationships proposed by Nath (2016), and it reveals that VS-N relationships developed by GA perform better than the VS-N relationships developed by other regression method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montenegrin insurance market is in a low level of development compared to developed countries, with dominant share of non-life insurance. There are many factors influencing the insufficient development of life insurance in Montenegro. This manuscript offers an analysis of significant factors that have important impact on life insurance products purchase. In order to prove the hypotheses established in the manuscript, based on the survey, chi square test of independency and regression analysis were carried out. Testing results showed that age structure and education as demographic factors as well as level of employment as economic factor highly influence demand for life insurance in Montenegro while there is no evidence that different trust in insurance system, gender and region influenced purchase of life insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper brings into focus the usefulness of chi square test in the field of marketing research. A chi square test represents a statistical tool based on the chi-square distribution of probability, which is easy to apply by a non-mathematician researcher in order to provide an efficient business solution. Therefore, the paper discusses chi-square test requirements and methodology, along with conditions that determine the researcher in marketing to reject or to retain the null hypothesis. Further on, we aim at solving a specific marketing problem with the help of the chi-square test. Our approach involves both" the classical" procedure employed in order to apply a chi-square test and the modern way of finding the solution, which implies the involvement of the SPSS soft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Jerome Lejeune, a French pediatrician and geneticist, pointed out that each human being is unique-different from its mother--from the moment of conception. In this paper, we discuss our clinical approach and evidence supporting that concept. We discuss how our findings support the view that mothers and their offspring are separate entities from conception onward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term disparity refers to the inequality gap, the backlog in some geographical areas, administrative - territorial units or regions with other socio-economic development process determined on the one hand and human differences resources seasoned and differences on the other economic, demographic, political or cultural. In fact, the largest statistical disparity is nothing else than a variable that expresses the size difference between the levels of development of the regions compared. Regional development projects require ongoing assessment and analysis of existing disparities between regions and establish hierarchies between them appealing to specific statistical methodology territorial analysis. In the present work we chose the method of statistical analysis of nominal variables territorial.

The article tackles the practice of testing latent variable models. The analysis covered recently published studies from 11 psychology journals varying in orientation and impact. Seventy-five studies that matched the criterion of applying some of the latent modeling techniques were reviewed. Results indicate the presence of a general tendency to ignore the model test (χ²) followed by the acceptance of approximate fit hypothesis without detailed model examination yielding relevant empirical evidence. Due to reduced sensitivity of such a procedure to confront theory with data, there is an almost invariable tendency to accept the theoretical model. This absence of model test consequences, manifested in frequently unsubstantiated neglect of evidence speaking against the model, thus implies the perilous question of whether such empirical testing of latent structures (the way it is widely applied) makes sense at all.

A robust Kalman filter based on Chi square test with sequential measurement update is proposed. This approach can not only handle outliers in part or even individual measurement channel, but can also further improve the accuracy especially when a novel ordering strategy in processing the measurement elements is adopted. The accuracy improvement can be attributed to the higher statistical efficiency, i.e., an increased probability of correctly resisting the outlying measurement elements and retaining the good ones. The accuracy improvement of the proposed method is illustrated by a simulating example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to study equilibrium isotherm for the sorption of Nickel ions onto coal fly ash. In this study, BET adsorption isotherm was found to be best fitted among Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Temkin and Harkins Jura adsorption isotherms using lest square fit method. The best fit adsorption isotherm is assessed by the linear coefficient of determination (R2) and non-linear Chi-square test. The theoretical value of qe calculated from the best fit linear equation of each adsorption isotherm and the experimental values of qe (0.08) are plotted against Ce, to compare the experimental and Theoretical value of qe.

The article tackles the practice of testing latent variable models. The analysis covered recently published studies from 11 psychology journals varying in orientation and impact. Seventy-five studies that matched the criterion of applying some of the latent modeling techniques were reviewed. Results indicate the presence of a general tendency to ignore the model test (X2) followed by the acceptance of approximate fit hypothesis without detailed model examination yielding relevant empirical evidence. Due to reduced sensitivity of such a procedure to confront theory with data, there is an almost invariable tendency to accept the theoretical model. This absence of model test consequences, manifested in frequently unsubstantiated neglect of evidence speaking against the model, thus implies the perilous question of whether such empirical testing of latent structures (the way it is widely applied) makes sense at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]