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Chitosan nanoparticles are a naturally derived substance with exceptional physicochemical properties and non-toxic bioactivity, making them suitable for extensive applications. This study evaluates and compares chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles incorporating antimicrobial agents. Copper ions were incorporated into chitosan matrices using a modified ionic gelation method to form a nano-coating solution. The particle size of chitosan nanoparticles (CN) was 118.23 ± 0.58 nm, and the particle size of chitosan nanoparticles loaded copper ions (CNCu) was 166.65 ± 7.36 nm, with low polydispersity index values and moderate to high zeta potential values. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to determine their particle size and morphology. The antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles loaded with copper ions was also evaluated. CNCu exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against yeasts and molds. The results suggest CN and CNCu have great pre and post-harvest fruit preservation potential.

The safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose Ebola vaccine regimen MVA-BN-Filo, Ad26.ZEBOV, 14 days apart, was evaluated in people without HIV (PWOH) and living with HIV (PLWH). In this observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, healthy adults were randomized (4:1) to receive MVA-BN-Filo (dose 1) and Ad26.ZEBOV (dose 2), or two doses of saline/placebo, administered intramuscularly 14 days apart. The primary endpoints were safety (adverse events (AEs)) and immunogenicity (Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses). Among 75 participants (n = 50 PWOH; n = 25 PLWH), 37% were female, the mean age was 44 years, and 56% were Black/African American. AEs were generally mild/moderate, with no vaccine-related serious AEs. At 21 days post-dose 2, EBOV glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responder rates were 100% among PWOH and 95% among PLWH; geometric mean antibody concentrations were 6286 EU/mL (n = 36) and 2005 EU/mL (n = 19), respectively. A total of 45 neutralizing and other functional antibody responses were frequently observed. Ebola-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were polyfunctional and durable to at least 12 months post-dose 2. The regimen was well tolerated and generated robust, durable immune responses in PWOH and PLWH. Findings support continued evaluation of accelerated vaccine schedules for rapid deployment in populations at immediate risk. Trial registration: NCT02598388 (submitted 14 November 2015).

Lisha Chi,1,&ast; Guojing Zhao,2,&ast; Naiche Chen,3,&ast; Guanghui Shen,4 Kai Huang,4 Xiaoyu Xia,1 Yijing Chen,1 Jian Liu,1 Ran Xu,5 Yanhan Chen,6 Weijie Dong,7 Jiexia Zheng8 1School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Natural Science, Affiliated School of Wenzhou University Town, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 7The 1th School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Student Affairs, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiexia ZhengDepartment of Student Affairs, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail zhengjiexia2021@163.comBackground: Vaccination is an effective strategy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to compare predictors of vaccination intention between healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs) in China.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs and non-HCWs. Several bivariate analysis techniques, eg, crosstab with Chi-square, independent t-test and single factor ANOVA, were performed to analyze the correlation. After that, a series of multivariate binary regressions were employed to determine predictors of vaccination intention.Results: Intention was closely and significantly related with gender, perceived vaccination knowledge, perceived importance and effectiveness of vaccine to prevent COVID-19. HCWs and non-HCWs were heterogeneous, since vaccination intention, perceived knowledge, and attitudes (eg, importance, severity, risk) toward COVID-19 or vaccine had statistically significant difference between the two groups. With comparison of predictors of vaccination intention, for HCWs, demographic factors were the major predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intention. Female HCWs and HCWs with a Master’s or higher degree were more hesitant about vaccination (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), while HCWs had greater vaccination intention as their age increased (P = 0.02). For non-HCWs, perceived vaccination knowledge was the major predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intention (P < 0.001). Additionally, perceived importance and effectiveness of vaccine were predictors for both HCWs and non-HCWs.Conclusion: Vaccination intention of HCWs was greater than that of non-HCWs in China. Measures should be taken to improve the vaccination rate based on the predictors of vaccination intention identified in this study. For HCWs, especially those with a high level of education or who were females, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in use may reinforce their vaccination intention. For non-HCWs, popularization of general medical knowledge, including of vaccine-preventable diseases, may increase their vaccination intention.Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine, intention, predictor, HCWs, non-HCWs

Yiyun Weng,1,* Tian Zeng,2,3,* Honghao Huang,2,3,* Junli Ren,2,3 Jianing Wang,2,3 Chenguang Yang,2,3 Wenjing Pan,2,3 Jingyu Hu,2,3 Fangyue Sun,2,3 Xinbo Zhou,2,3 Haojie Qiu,2,3 Yufan Gao,2,3 Beibei Gao,4 Lifen Chi,3 Guangyong Chen3 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guangyong ChenDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13777770788Fax +86-577-65623263Email gychen6@126.comLifen ChiDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chilifenry@126.comBackground and Purpose: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel inflammation index derived from counts of circulating platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes, has been studied in developing incident cancer. However, the clinical value of SII in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients had not been further investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between SII and severity of stroke as well as 3-month outcome of AIS patients.Methods: A total of 216 AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and 875 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively recruited. Blood samples were collected within 24h after admission. Severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and poor 3-month functional outcome was defined as Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2.Results: SII levels in AIS patients were higher than in HCs. The cut-off value of SII is 545.14× 109/L. Patients with SII > 545.14× 109/L had higher NIHSS scores (median: 5 vs 9, p < 0.001), a positive correlation between SII and NIHSS was observed (rs = 0.305, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that high SII was one of the independent risk factors for poor prognosis at 3 months of AIS patients (OR = 3.953, 95% CI = 1.702– 9.179, p = 0.001). The addition of SII to the conventional prognostic model improved the reclassification (but not discrimination) of the functional outcome (net reclassification index 39.3%, p = 0.007).Conclusion: SII is correlated with stroke severity at admission and can be a novel prognostic biomarker for AIS patients treated with IVT.Keywords: systemic immune-inflammation index, ischemic stroke, inflammation, prognosis

Tongxia Zhang,1,2 Chuanzhu Yan,1,3 Yiming Liu,1 Lili Cao,1 Kunqian Ji,1 Duoling Li,1 Lingyi Chi,2,4,5 Yuying Zhao1 1Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 4Brain Science Research Institute, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lingyi ChiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18560085730Email chilingyi@126.comYuying ZhaoDepartment of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18560085530Fax +86-531-82169217Email zyy72@126.comPurpose: Leukodystrophies are frequently regarded as childhood disorders, but they can occur at any age, and the clinical and imaging patterns of the adult-onset form are usually different from the better-known childhood variants. Several reports have shown that various late-onset leukodystrophies, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and Krabbe disease, may present as spastic paraplegia with the absence of the characteristic white matter lesions on neuroimaging; this can be easily misdiagnosed as hereditary spastic paraplegia. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of late-onset leukodystrophies in patients with spastic paraplegia.Patients and Methods: We performed genetic analysis using a custom-designed gene panel for leukodystrophies in 112 hereditary spastic paraplegia-like patients.Results: We identified pathogenic mutations in 13 out of 112 patients, including five patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy, three with Krabbe disease, three with Alexander disease, and two with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. In terms of clinical manifestations, in addition to spastic paraplegia, three adrenomyeloneuropathy probands also had adrenocortical insufficiency, two Alexander disease probands developed urinary retention, one CTX proband developed cataracts and chronic diarrhea and the other presented with chronic diarrhea and mild tendon xanthomatosis. None of the patients had evidence of diffuse leukodystrophy on neuroimaging.Conclusion: Patients with late-onset spastic paraplegia should be screened for underlying leukodystrophies, irrespective of the presence of additional complicating symptoms and neuroimaging abnormalities.Keywords: targeted next-generation sequencing, pathogenic mutations, genetic causes, leukodystrophy frequency, magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Background Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide, partly due to the occurrence of secondary injury and late interventions. Correct diagnosis and timely monitoring ensure effective medical intervention aimed at improving clinical outcome. However, due to the limitations in size and cost of current ambulatory bioinstruments, they cannot be used to monitor patients who may still be at risk of secondary injury outside the ICU. Methods We propose a complete system consisting of a wearable wireless bioinstrument and a cloud-based application for real-time TBI monitoring. The bioinstrument can simultaneously record up to ten channels including both ECoG biopotential and neurochemicals (e.g. potassium, glucose and lactate), and supports various electrochemical methods including potentiometry, amperometry and cyclic voltammetry. All channels support variable gain programming to automatically tune the input dynamic range and address biosensors’ falling sensitivity. The instrument is flexible and can be folded to occupy a small space behind the ear. A Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) receiver is used to wirelessly connect the instrument to a cloud application where the recorded data is stored, processed and visualised in real-time. Bench testing has been used to validate device performance. Results The instrument successfully monitored spreading depolarisations (SDs) - reproduced using a signal generator - with an SNR of 29.07 dB and NF of 0.26 dB. The potentiostat generates a wide voltage range from -1.65V to +1.65V with a resolution of 0.8mV and the sensitivity of the amperometric AFE was verified by recording 5 pA currents. Different potassium, glucose and lactate concentrations prepared in lab were accurately measured and their respective working curves were constructed. Finally,the instrument achieved a maximum sampling rate of 1.25 ksps/channel with a throughput of 105 kbps. All measurements were successfully received at the cloud. Conclusion The proposed instrument uniquely positions itself by presenting an aggressive optimisation of size and cost while maintaining high measurement accuracy. The system can effectively extend neuroelectrochemical monitoring to all TBI patients including those who are mobile and those who are outside the ICU. Finally, data recorded in the cloud application could be used to help diagnosis and guide rehabilitation.

Xiangrong Shu,1 Liqun Chi2 1Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300050, China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 100080, China Objective: Pravastatin has been suggested to increase circulating adiponectin in humans. However, results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are inconsistent. We aimed to systematically evaluate the influence of pravastatin on circulating adiponectin in humans by performing a meta-analysis of RCTs.Materials and methods: Studies were identified via systematic searching of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library databases. A random effect model was used to pool the results. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were applied to explore the source of heterogeneity.Results: Eight RCTs with nine comparisons of 595 participants were included. Pravastatin treatment was associated with a significant increased level of circulating adiponectin as compared with controls (weighted mean difference [WMD] =0.63 µg/mL; 95% CI, 0.17–1.09 µg/mL; P=0.007) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=28%). These results were confirmed by meta-analysis of double-blinded placebo-controlled RCTs (WMD =0.82 µg/mL; P=0.01). Meta-regression analyses indicated that proportions of males in each study were positively correlated with the effect of pravastatin on adiponectin (coefficient: 0.015, P=0.03). Subgroup analyses confirmed that pravastatin significantly increased adiponectin in studies of males (WMD =1.41 µg/mL; P=0.008), but not in those of females (WMD =-0.04 µg/mL; P=0.94).Conclusion: Pravastatin treatment is associated with increased circulating adiponectin. Gender difference may exist regarding the effect of pravastatin treatment on adiponectin. Keywords: pravastatin, adiponectin, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials

TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) is an innate immune protein that serves as an adaptor for multiple cellular signalling outcomes in the context of infection. TRIF is activated via ligation of Toll-like receptors 3 and 4. One outcome of TRIF-directed signalling is the activation of the programmed cell death pathway necroptosis, which is governed by interactions between proteins that contain a RIP Homotypic Interaction Motif (RHIM). TRIF contains a RHIM sequence and can interact with receptor interacting protein kinases 1 (RIPK1) and 3 (RIPK3) to initiate necroptosis. Here, we demonstrate that the RHIM of TRIF is amyloidogenic and supports the formation of homomeric TRIF-containing fibrils. We show that the core tetrad sequence within the RHIM governs the supramolecular organisation of TRIF amyloid assemblies, although the stable amyloid core of TRIF amyloid fibrils comprises a much larger region than the conserved RHIM only. We provide evidence that RHIMs of TRIF, RIPK1 and RIPK3 interact directly to form heteromeric structures and that these TRIF-containing hetero-assemblies display altered and emergent properties that likely underlie necroptosis signalling in response to Toll-like receptor activation.

Herpesviruses are known to encode a number of inhibitors of host cell death, including RIP Homotypic Interaction Motif (RHIM)-containing proteins. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily and is responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles. We have identified a novel viral RHIM in the VZV capsid triplex protein, open reading frame (ORF) 20, that acts as a host cell death inhibitor. Like the human cellular RHIMs in RIPK1 and RIPK3 that stabilise the necrosome in TNF-induced necroptosis, and the viral RHIM in M45 from murine cytomegalovirus that inhibits cell death, the ORF20 RHIM is capable of forming fibrillar functional amyloid complexes. Notably, the ORF20 RHIM forms hybrid amyloid complexes with human ZBP1, a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acid. Although VZV can inhibit TNF-induced necroptosis, the ORF20 RHIM does not appear to be responsible for this inhibition. In contrast, the ZBP1 pathway is identified as important for VZV infection. Mutation of the ORF20 RHIM renders the virus incapable of efficient spread in ZBP1-expressing HT-29 cells, an effect which can be reversed by the inhibition of caspases. Therefore we conclude that the VZV ORF20 RHIM is important for preventing ZBP1-driven apoptosis during VZV infection, and propose that it mediates this effect by sequestering ZBP1 into decoy amyloid assemblies.

Xue Li,1 Feng Shi,2 Liping Gong,2 Baojian Hang,2 Daoyuan Li,1 Lianli Chi1 1National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Scientific Research Division, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Colla corii asini (CCA) is a protein-based traditional Chinese medicine made from donkey skins. Because it has the ability to nourish blood, its demand is increasing rapidly. The shortage of donkey skins increases the risk of the adulteration of CCA products with other animal skins. To ensure the drug efficacy and safety of CCA products, a proteomics technique was applied to reveal proteins in the skins of donkey, horse, cattle, and pig. Species-specific peptides for each animal species were predicted using bioinformatics, and their presence in the skins and gelatin samples was examined by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). One unique marker peptide for each animal species was selected to develop an LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring method. The capability of this method to identify donkey, horse, cattle, and pig materials was demonstrated by analyzing in-house-made donkey gelatins containing different amounts of other animal skins and commercial CCA products. The adulteration of non-donkey species could be sensitively detected at a low level of 0.5%. Hybrid animals, such as mules and hinnies, were also differentiated from donkeys. We provide a practical tool for the quality control of CCA products. The strategy can also be used to study other important traditional Chinese medicines which contain animal proteins. Keywords: Colla corii asini, collagen, proteomics, adulteration, mass spectrometry

Hydrophobins are small proteins secreted by fungi and which spontaneously assemble into amphipathic layers at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. We have examined the self-assembly of the Class I hydrophobins EAS∆15 and DewA, the Class II hydrophobin NC2 and an engineered chimeric hydrophobin. These Class I hydrophobins form layers composed of laterally associated fibrils with an underlying amyloid structure. These two Class I hydrophobins, despite showing significant conformational differences in solution, self-assemble to form fibrillar layers with very similar structures and require a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface to trigger self-assembly. Addition of additives that influence surface tension can be used to manipulate the fine structure of the protein films. The Class II hydrophobin NC2 forms a mesh-like protein network and the engineered chimeric hydrophobin displays two multimeric forms, depending on assembly conditions. When formed on a graphite surface, the fibrillar EAS∆15 layers are resistant to alcohol, acid and basic washes. In contrast, the NC2 Class II monolayers are dissociated by alcohol treatment but are relatively stable towards acid and base washes. The engineered chimeric Class I/II hydrophobin shows increased stability towards alcohol and acid and base washes. Self-assembled hydrophobin films may have extensive applications in biotechnology where biocompatible; amphipathic coatings facilitate the functionalization of nanomaterials.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatments on the extraction yield and the quality of mulberry juice. The mulberry mash was treated with ultrasound at different incubation times from 30 to 120 min and different temperatures from 30 to 75 °C. The determination of the juice yield, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, l-ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, and the titratable acidity of the juice were carried out. Overall, applying ultrasound at 45 °C for 60 min resulted in the highest juice yield and antioxidant contents for the mulberry juice. The ultrasonic treatment increased the extraction yield (29.6%), the total soluble solid (8.7%), the titratable acidity (39.3%), the l-ascorbic acid content (94.3%), total phenolic content (174.1%), total anthocyanin content (156.9%) and the antioxidant capacity (40.7%) of the mulberry juice as compared to pressing only. A strong positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity indicated that phenolic compounds were the main antioxidants in the beverage.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of commercial enzymes on the extraction yield and the quality of mulberry juice. A mulberry mash was separately treated with two enzymes, namely Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Viscozyme L for different incubation times from 60 to 240 min. Determination of juice yield, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, l-ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity of juice were carried out. Overall, in comparison with the non-enzymatic treated juice, the juice incubated with Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Viscozyme L was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in all quality attributes. Moreover, samples incubated with Pectinex Ultra SP-L for 120 min had the highest results in extraction yield (87.1%), total soluble solids (11.9°Bx), titratable acidity (1.4%), l-ascorbic acid content (35.5 mg/100 mL), total phenolic content (160.6 mg GAE/100 mL), and antioxidant capacity (82.6%). For both enzymatic treatments, a prolongation of incubation period from 60 min to 120 min resulted in higher antioxidant values for the juice; however, longer 180 min, they were reduced, except total anthocyanin content. Two-way analysis showed that the impacts of the types of enzyme and treatment duration cannot be separated. Positive correlations between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity indicated that phenolic compounds were the main antioxidants in the beverages.

α-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are a key pathological feature in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) inhibits the fibrillisation of α-syn into amyloid, and promotes α-syn aggregation into SDS-stable soluble oligomers. While this inhibition of amyloid formation requires the oxidation of both DA and the methionines in α-syn, the molecular basis for these processes is still unclear. This study sought to define the protein sequences required for the generation of oligomers. We tested N- (α-syn residues 43-140) and C-terminally (1-95) truncated α-syn, and found that similar to full-length protein both truncated species formed soluble DA:α-syn oligomers, albeit 1-95 had a different profile. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the N-terminally truncated α-syn 43-140 protein, we analysed the structural characteristics of the DA:α-syn 43-140 dimer and α-syn 43-140 monomer and found the dimerisation interface encompassed residues 43 to 60. Narrowing the interface to this small region will help define the mechanism by which DA mediates the formation of SDS-stable soluble DA:α-syn oligomers.

Introduction: In pediatric tonsillectomy management, the consistent tracking of surgical outcomes and adherence to guidelines are vital. This study explores how a surgical dashboard can serve as a tool in research analysis, translating AAO‐HNSF guidelines into measurable performance improvements. Methods: Using a prospective registry from three pediatric hospitals, a Tableau dashboard was constructed to graphically visualize key demographic and postoperative outcomes (including intensive care unit [ICU] utilization, 30‐day emergency department (ED) visits, and postoperative bleed rates) in children undergoing tonsillectomy from 2020 to 2024. From the dashboard data, a retrospective cohort study analyzing 6767 tonsillectomies was conducted from January 2, 2020, to June 20, 2023. Patients were categorized into low‐risk, OSA‐only (by ICD‐10 codes), and high‐risk groups based on comorbidities. Logistic regression identified factors influencing ED revisits and unplanned nursing calls. Three quality initiatives were assessed: preoperative school absence notes, perioperative dexamethasone recording, and post‐tonsillectomy parental education. Results: A total of 2122 (31%) were low‐risk, 2648 (39%) were OSA‐only, and 1997 (30%) high risk. Risk factors that increased the likelihood of ED visits were high‐risk comorbidities (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.24–1.74; p < 0.001) and older age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03–1.08; p < 0.001). Risk factors that increased the likelihood of an unplanned nursing communication were high‐risk comorbidities (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.34–1.75; p < 0.001), older age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04; p = 0.001), and Medicaid insurance (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.09–1.43; p = 0.002). Postoperative bleed control was generally comparable between the groups, at 2.8% (low risk), 2.7% (OSA), 3.2 (high risk) (p = 0.651). Conclusion: The dashboard aided in data collection, data visualization, and data analysis of quality improvement initiatives, effectively translating guidelines into tangible measures to enhance care. Level of evidence: NA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): The first‐line treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is adenotonsillectomy. Post‐operative weight gain is a well‐documented phenomenon. We hypothesized that higher peri‐adenotonsillectomy delta weight correlates with lower rates of OSA resolution in pediatric patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of 250 patients from 2 to 17 years of age at a tertiary academic medical center between January 2021 and December 2022. Polysomnography results and body mass index (BMI) changes were collected through the electronic health record. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Perioperative delta weight and pre‐operative baseline AHI values were significant predictors of residual OSA. For every 1‐kilogram gain in weight, the odds of residual OSA (AHI >5) increase by 6.0% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10, p < 0.002), and the odds of residual severe OSA (AHI > 10) increase by 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12, p < 0.001). Increased AHI, Black/African American race, and male sex were also factors associated with incomplete OSA resolution. Conclusions: Increased peri‐adenotonsillectomy delta weight is associated with higher rates of residual OSA in children. Patients and families should be counseled about appropriate weight loss and control methods before adenotonsillectomy. Level of Evidence: IV Laryngoscope, 134:4141–4147, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the present study were to examine whether Asian American youth experience disparities in quality of life (QL) compared with Hispanic, African American, and white youth in the general population and to what extent socioeconomic status (SES) mediates any disparities among these racial/ethnic groups. Data were obtained from the Healthy Passages study, in which 4,972 Asian American (148; 3%), Hispanic (1,813; 36%), African American (1,755; 35%), and white (1,256; 25%) fifth-graders were enrolled in a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Youth reported their own QL using the PedsQL and supplemental scales. Parents reported youth's overall health status as well as parent's education and household income level. Asian American youth experienced worse status than white youth for three of 10 QL and well-being measures, better status than Hispanic youth on six measures, and better status than African American youth on three measures. However, the observed advantages for Asian American youth over Hispanic and African American youth disappeared when the marked SES differences that are also present among these racial/ethnic groups were taken into account. In contrast, the differences between Asian American and white youth remained after adjusting for SES. These findings suggest that the disparities in QL that favor white youth over Asian American youth exist independent of SES and warrant further examination. In contrast, the QL differences that favor Asian American over Hispanic and African American youth may be partly explained by SES. Interpretations are limited by the heterogeneity existing among Asian Americans.

The safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose Ebola vaccine regimen MVA-BN-Filo, Ad26.ZEBOV, 14 days apart, was evaluated in people without HIV (PWOH) and living with HIV (PLWH). In this observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, healthy adults were randomized (4:1) to receive MVA-BN-Filo (dose 1) and Ad26.ZEBOV (dose 2), or two doses of saline/placebo, administered intramuscularly 14 days apart. The primary endpoints were safety (adverse events (AEs)) and immunogenicity (Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses). Among 75 participants (n = 50 PWOH; n = 25 PLWH), 37% were female, the mean age was 44 years, and 56% were Black/African American. AEs were generally mild/moderate, with no vaccine-related serious AEs. At 21 days post-dose 2, EBOV glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responder rates were 100% among PWOH and 95% among PLWH; geometric mean antibody concentrations were 6286 EU/mL (n = 36) and 2005 EU/mL (n = 19), respectively. A total of 45 neutralizing and other functional antibody responses were frequently observed. Ebola-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were polyfunctional and durable to at least 12 months post-dose 2. The regimen was well tolerated and generated robust, durable immune responses in PWOH and PLWH. Findings support continued evaluation of accelerated vaccine schedules for rapid deployment in populations at immediate risk. Trial registration: NCT02598388 (submitted 14 November 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meteorological factors, especially temperature and humidity, have a great impact on human physiology. In the context of climate change, the impact of temperature on people's health in Thai Binh city (Vietnam) is becoming more and more serious. Based on meteorological data for the period of 1991-2021 and Vietnam climate change scenario data, the daily maximum heat index (HImax) scenario for the period of 2024-2054 is calculated by the method of correlation evaluation and regression equations. The results show that in the future the trend of HImax is 0.0875°C per year under the RCP 4.5 scenario (Medium Low Greenhouse Gases Concentration Scenario) and 0.0919°C per year under the RCP 8.5 scenario (High Greenhouse Gases Concentration Scenarios). The number of weeks per 5 years having daily HImax at danger level (HIwave) tends to increase 6.14 times for scenario RCP 4.5; 7.0 times for scenario RCP 8.5. Especially, the number of days at risk of heat stroke in the past 31-year period is 5 days, then in the future 31-year period there are 77 days with scenario RCP 4.5 and 116 days with scenario RCP 8.5 and this phenomenon mainly concentrated in the months of June, July, August. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]