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Carcinoid tumors are a subset of neuroendocrine tumors which are derived from enterochromaffin cells. They usually originate in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs. They rarely involve the central nervous system but can metastasise there. Primary carcinoid tumors of the central nervous system are exceedingly rare. There are only five reported cases of primary intradural extramedullary carcinoid tumor in the current literature.We present the case of a 60-year-old female with progressive severe axial lower back pain associated with left-sided sciatica. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the lumbar spine showed an intradural extramedullary tumor centered at the L3 level with main differentials being a nerve sheath tumor, meningioma and myxopapillary ependymoma. During the operation, involvement of cauda equina nerve roots was confirmed. Debulking of the tumor was carried out with preservation of the involved nerve roots as it was deemed to represent a schwannoma or variant thereof.Pathological investigation and exhaustive workup however identified a primary intradural extramedullary carcinoid tumour of the lumbar spine. Although exceedingly rare, it must be considered as a differential diagnosis of any intradural extramedullary spinal tumour.

Endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome is characterized by a higher incidence, younger age at onset, and increased recurrence rates compared to sporadic cases, while the safety and efficacy of fertility-sparing treatments remain uncertain. This case report presents the oncology outcome of fertility-preserving treatment in a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with Lynch syndrome and atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Initially, she responded favorably to fertility-preserving treatment but subsequently experienced disease relapse and rapid progression during retreatment. Final pathology revealed endometrial cancer with metastasis to the right ovary, categorized as FIGO 2023 stage IIIA1. This population’s unique molecular mechanisms and genetic mutations warrant special consideration when opting for fertility-sparing treatment. We have reviewed and summarized the oncology and pregnancy outcomes among Lynch syndrome and MMR-deficient patients through previous literature. However, no studies have investigated retreatment after recurrence in Lynch syndrome. Our case highlights the potential risks associated with retreatment following relapse. Vigilant monitoring and prompt consideration of surgical intervention are recommended upon disease relapse.

Proteinuria is a common adverse event arising from treatment with bevacizumab, requiring diagnostic testing via 24-h urine collection. However, this method is cumbersome. We assessed urine screenings in gynecologic cancer patients from February 2021 to May 2022. Along with a simple urine dipstick (UD), the urine microalbumin, total protein, and creatinine were measured and calculated as the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and the urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR), which were further adjusted through the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations to be estimated and correlated with 24-h urine total protein content. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used for cost analysis. There were 129 urine samples from 36 patients. The sensitivity and specificity for the UACR were 0.56 and 0.97, and for the UPCR, 0.71 and 0.88, respectively. The 24-h TP correlated strongly with the UACR (r = 0.75; p < 0.001) and UPCR (r = 0.79; p < 0.001) and fair for the simple UD (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). The UPCR saves one unnecessary 24-h urine test for less than a dollar compared to a simple UD. The results indicate that using the UPCR could enhance diagnostic accuracy, lower costs, and reduce unnecessary 24-h urine sampling.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in clinical outcome and urodynamic parameters after tailored anterior transvaginal mesh (ATVM) surgeries in a mid-term follow-up. Methods: Between November 2011 and December 2015, women with ≥stage II pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who underwent ATVM surgeries were retrospectively reviewed. The data-reviewing timeframe was until December 2021. Clinical and urodynamic diagnoses regarding urinary symptoms were evaluated before and after the operation. Results: A total of 160 women were included. Stress urinary incontinence decreased significantly after the operation (99% (159/160) vs. 43% (68/160), p

Proteinuria is a common adverse event arising from treatment with bevacizumab, requiring diagnostic testing via 24-h urine collection. However, this method is cumbersome. We assessed urine screenings in gynecologic cancer patients from February 2021 to May 2022. Along with a simple urine dipstick (UD), the urine microalbumin, total protein, and creatinine were measured and calculated as the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and the urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR), which were further adjusted through the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations to be estimated and correlated with 24-h urine total protein content. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used for cost analysis. There were 129 urine samples from 36 patients. The sensitivity and specificity for the UACR were 0.56 and 0.97, and for the UPCR, 0.71 and 0.88, respectively. The 24-h TP correlated strongly with the UACR (r = 0.75; p < 0.001) and UPCR (r = 0.79; p < 0.001) and fair for the simple UD (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). The UPCR saves one unnecessary 24-h urine test for less than a dollar compared to a simple UD. The results indicate that using the UPCR could enhance diagnostic accuracy, lower costs, and reduce unnecessary 24-h urine sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been demonstrated to non-invasively detect changes related to precursors of epithelial cancers, which include decreased fluorescence emission from collagen crosslinks in the connective tissue and increased fluorescence emission from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the epithelial tissue. We implemented two-layer forward Monte Carlo models to predict diffuse reflectance and fluorescence intensities at the surface of cervical mucosa given tissue absorption, scattering, and fluorescence properties. The absorption and scattering coefficients of the upper epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue, as well as the epithelial thickness, were estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra using iterative curve fitting. The estimated parameters were used by the fluorescence forward model to obtain quantities needed to relate the intrinsic fluorescence of tissue fluorophores to measured fluorescence intensity. The emission spectra of tissue fluorophores were modeled by skew normal functions, and together with the efficiency of the fluorophores were extracted by fitting the modeled fluorescence spectra to measured spectra using the genetic algorithm. Compared to conventional one-layer forward models, the proposed two-layer models showed significantly smaller errors both in tissue properties estimated from simulated spectra, and in spectral errors of fitting to in-vivo data. Results of a preliminary in-vivo study showed that in seven of eight subjects with histopathologically confirmed dysplasia, the NADH-to-collagen intrinsic fluorescence ratio estimated from the biopsied site was at least two times greater than that estimated from the normal site on the same subject. The ability to more accurately estimate layer-specific intrinsic fluorescence from cervical mucosa could aid the detection of precancers in the cervix as well as other sites including oral and esophageal mucosae.

Gynecologic cancers are the leading cause of death in women. Endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer are the three main types of gynecologic cancers. Poor prognoses and high mortality rates of advanced-stage cancer are still challenges of all three types. Diagnostic tools for early cancer detection could be the cornerstone for further cancer treatment and prevention. Glycosylation plays a vital role in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and angiogenesis, and is aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Alterations of glycosylation may represent promising biomarkers with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications, as well as disease prognosis. Many glycosylated biomarkers, including glycoprotein, glycan, and enzyme, were discovered and well-studied for application in gynecologic cancers. Some of them have been developed as targets for cancer treatment. The use of certain biomarkers for diagnostics and monitoring of gynecologic cancers has clinical advantages, as it is quantitative, comparable, convenient, and inexpensive. However, one of the single markers have sufficient sensitivity for the screening of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we introduced the details of glycosylation and the current application of glycosylated biomarkers in these three cancers. Moreover, we also reviewed the different roles of each biomarker in other cancers and aimed to understand these glycosylated biomarkers comprehensively.

Objective: Only a few cases of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoid tumor have been documented in the literature till date. We present a case of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoid tumor, atypical type, and review the reported cases. Case report: A 33-year-old woman with a left ovarian tumor was diagnosed with primary ovarian mucinous carcinoid tumor, atypical type. She underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy and ipsilateral lymph node dissection. After 5 years, the tumor recurred on the right side, with large para-aortic lymphadenopathy that caused hydronephrosis. Complete surgical staging was performed, followed by nine cycles of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine. The tumor progressed after discontinuing the chemotherapy, and the patient died of disease 26 months after recurrence. Conclusion: Our patient demonstrated a more aggressive clinical course compared to that reported in previous literature. Based on this experience, complete surgical staging is highly recommended after the patient accomplished her fertility plan. Ovarian carcinoid tumors are relatively chemoresistant compared with epithelial ovarian cancers. The regimen of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine stabilized the disease but did not reach remission of the tumor. Further studies are required to determine the appropriate chemotherapy regimen. Keywords: Carcinoid, Mucinous, Ovary

Purpose To identify factors predicting the presence of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)-wet, compared with OAB-dry. Methods Between September 2007 and September 2013, the medical records of 623 women with OAB who completed a 3-day bladder diary and underwent urodynamic studies in a medical center were retrospectively reviewed. OAB-wet was diagnosed in patients who complained of at least one episode of urgency incontinence in the previous month; otherwise, OAB-dry was diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to predict the presence of OAB-wet. Results Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; P

Although the demand for men's skincare products is becoming increasingly popular in Malaysia, previous studies of social media marketing have shed little light on the effect of social media influencers on men's skincare purchase intention. Therefore, this research investigates the effects of social media influencers' attractiveness, trustworthiness, expertise, likability, similarity, and familiarity on purchase intention in men's skincare products among Generation Y in Malaysia. An online questionnaire was implemented, and 279 respondents were gathered using the snowball sampling technique. After obtaining the desired responses, multiple regression analysis was adopted to examine the research model and hypotheses. The findings showed that social media influencers' attractiveness, similarity, and familiarity positively affect the purchase intention of men's skincare products. However, this paper found that the effects of social media influencers' trustworthiness, expertise, and likability on purchase intention of men's skincare products among Generation Y in Malaysia are insignificant. The research findings contribute to the current research literature by determining the six characteristics of social media influencers and purchase intention with new empirical insights from Malaysia in the context of men's skincare products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of rapid technological advancement, the number of consumers browsing online information steadily increases. Social media platforms have emerged as a vital channel for communication and sharing information, making them the greatest option for conducting cosmetic business. Due to the scarcity of existing studies discussing the factors affecting brand awareness of cosmetic products, this research paper aims to examine the impact of social media marketing on brand awareness for cosmetic products among Gen Z in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 275 responses were collected using the snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed through the utilization of multiple regression analysis. The results showed that three dimensions of social media marketingcustomization, interaction, and electronic word-of-mouth significantly affect brand awareness. This study contributes to the present body of knowledge by confirming the stimulus-organism-response model. Our study also suggests effective social media marketing strategies can generate brand awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]