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ABSTRACTMany bat pups emit isolation calls with low-frequency components that facilitate maternal recognition. Most previous studies have noted that isolation calls generally have unique individual identity, but few studies have attempted to assess the potential impact of genetic factors on individual characteristics of isolation calls. The Asian parti-coloured bat is one of the few bat species that typically produce twins. Therefore, they represent a model system for exploring the influence of genetic factors on bat pup isolation call characteristics. In this paper, we recorded isolation calls from 16 pups at three days of age in the laboratory, conducted principal component analysis (PCA) on 13 acoustic parameters of isolation calls, and then performed discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA of acoustic parameters revealed that these calls carry information about individual identity. These results may indicate that there is acoustically mediated mother–infant recognition. Further analysis showed that twin siblings have more obvious call similarities than non-twins, which may be caused by genetic factors.

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether luteolin delays the progress of diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin.Methods Fifty-three healthy, 8-week-old, male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control (n = 6), model (n = 23), and experimental groups (n = 24). The rat model of diabetic nephropathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats in the experimental group were administered luteolin suspension of 80 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were recorded until the fourth week. After intragastric administration, blood flow and the protective effect of luteolin on diabetic nephropathy were evaluated.Results The degree of renal apoptosis and fibrosis in the experimental group was milder, and glomerular structure was more complete compared with the model group. Nphs2 staining suggested that luteolin delayed apoptosis and deletion and fusion of podocytes under high glucose levels, and protected the filtration function of the basement membrane by upregulating Nphs2 protein expression. Time intensity curve results suggested that luteolin delayed deterioration of renal haemodynamics under hyperglycaemia.Conclusions This study shows that luteolin delays progression of diabetic nephropathy. This drug has potential wide applicability in future clinical application.