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Background: Previous studies had explored the diagnostic or prognostic value of NRP-1/CD304 in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), whereas the expression and application value of NRP-1/CD304 in other common hematological diseases have not been reported., Methods: Bone marrow samples from 297 newly diagnosed patients with various hematological diseases were collected to detect the expression of NRP-1/CD304 by flow cytometry (FCM). The diagnostic efficacy of NRP-1/ CD304-positive diseases was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared., Results: In the research cohort, the total positive rate of NRP-1/CD304 was 14.81% (44/297), mainly distributed in BPDCN (100%, 6/6), B-ALL (48.61%, 35/72), and AML (4.48%, 3/67), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Other diseases, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), T/NK-cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms, did not express NRP-1/CD304. The AUC of NRP-1/CD304 was 0.936 (95% CI 0.898-0.973), 0.723 (95% CI 0.646-0.801), and 0.435 (95% CI 0.435) in BPDCN, B-ALL and AML, respectively. Besides, CD304 was commonly expressed in B-ALL with BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement (p = 0.000), and CD304 expression was positively correlated with CD34 co-expression (p = 0.009) and CD10 co-expression (p = 0.007)., Conclusions: NRP-1/CD304 is only expressed in BPDCN, B-ALL and AML, but not in other common hematological diseases. This indicates that NRP-1/CD304 has no obvious diagnostic and follow-up study value in hematological diseases other than BPDCN, B-ALL, and AML., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To observe the protective effect of Xuebijing injection pretreatment on hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and coagulopathy in liver cancer patients undergoing excision of hepatic cancer after occlusion of hepatic blood flow., Methods: A prospective randomly controlled study was conducted. Sixty patients with liver cancer classified as Child-Pugh class A undergoing hepatectomy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from October 2011 to March 2013 were enrolled. The patients were randomized into control group and Xuebijing group (each patient received 100 mL Xuebijing injection added to 0.9% saline as a preoperative treatment for 3 days). Complete blood count, coagulation function, hepatic function, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined before and after operation., Results: Forty-five out of 60 patients were enrolled eventually, with 23 patients in control group and 22 in Xuebijing group, and among them 43 patients were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at admission. Compared with those before operation, the postoperative levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in control and Xuebijing groups were significantly elevated, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial prothrombin time (AfYIT) were significantly prolonged, and white blood cells (WBC) , proportion of neutrophils (N) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Although the above indexes in Xuebijing group after operation were lower than those in control group in different degrees [ALT (U/L): 213.1 (80.4-796.6) vs. 265.8 (15.6-882.3), AST (UIL): 194.1 (65.4-914.2) vs. 264.3 (15.4-475.9), LDH (lg,U/L): 5.69 ± 0.72 vs. 5.71 ± 0.72, PT (s): 15.24 ± 2.16 vs. 14.41 ± 1.33, AfYIT (s): 31.51 ± 7.04 vs. 29.47 ± 4.90, WBC (x 109/L) : 13.4 7 ± 4.66 vs. 14.58 ± 4.40, N: 0.87 ± 0.06 vs. 0.87 ± 0.04, CRP (mg/L): 40.64 (16.93-189.59) vs. 45.64 ( 1.65-349.40) J, no statistical significance was found between the groups (all P>0.05 ). The preoperative levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF -a) and interleukin-6 OL-6) were both less than 1.0 ng/L, and the postoperative levels of TNF-a showed no significant change, and IL-6 was increased to 485.10 (104.00-837.50) ng/L and 193.26 (95.10-385.20) ng/L in control and Xuebijing groups respectively (P<0.01). The serum high mobility group box-1 ( HMGB1 ) protein levels after operation were higher than those of preoperative in both groups (both P<0.01), but the postoperative HMGB1 in Xuebijing group were significantly lower than those in control group (j.Lg/L: 268.73 ± 5.56 vs. 277.12 ± 2.92, P<0.01). Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ll (APACHE ll) score in Xuebijing group was significantly lower than that in control group (4.18 ± 3.75 vs. 4.53 ± 2.34, t=5.328, P=0.027), and the first passage of flatus and defecation after operation in Xuebijing group were significantly earlier than those in control group [exhaust time (days): 3 (2-4) vs. 3 (2-4), U=-2.023, P=0.043; defecation time (days): 4 (2-6) vs. 5 (3-8), U =-2.926, P=0.003 J. However, no difference was found between two groups in the postoperative and total hospital days. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed there were positive correlations between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels and preoperative ALT (r=0.414, P=0.044) and AST (r=0.405, P=0.024) in 33 HBV-DNA positive patients, but there was no significant correlation between HBV -DNA levels or other preoperative liver function indicators., Conclusions: Hepatic I/R injury and coagulopathy may occur in liver cancer patients undergoing resection of cancer with occlusion of hepatic blood flow. Xuebijing injection may inhibit the release of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviate hepatic I/R injury and promote the recovery of intestinal function. But it does not offer protective effect on coagulopathy.

Background and Objective: With the development of molecular biology in recent years, many indexes for detecting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been developed. This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined determination of EBV-related antibodies and antigens, including VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, EBV-DNase antibody and EBV-DNA, in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)., Methods: Serum and plasma samples from 160 untreated NPC patients and 76 healthy donors were collected. VCA-IgA and EA-IgA in the serum samples were detected by immunoenzyme staining method. Raji cells were stimulated by ortho-butanoic acid and croton oil to detect EBV-DNase antibody. The content of EBV-DNA in the plasma samples was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). The diagnostic values of the indexes for NPC were evaluated., Results: The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NPC were 90.0% and 89.5% for VCA-IgA, 75.0% and 94.7% for EA-IgA, 76.3% and 90.8% for EBV-DNase antibody, 68.8% and 88.2% for EBV-DNA, and 98.8% and 84.2% for combined determination. The positive rates of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA had no relationship with clinical stage of NPC (p > 0.05); nevertheless, the positive rates of EBV-DNase antibody and EBV-DNA were related with clinical stage (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The sensitivity of VCA-IgA and the specificity of EA-IgA are the highest while detecting solely. Combined determination could improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy for NPC. EBV-DNase antibody and EBV-DNA could be helpful to evaluate the course of disease and classify the clinical stage of NPC.

Aim: To investigate the correlation of BrdU incorporation with the activation and cytokine expression of T cells., Methods: PBMCs from healthy persons were isolated and stimulated by PMA plus Ionomycin at different periods of time, BrdU was then added to the cells one hour before the end of culture. The cells were harvested and stained with anti-BrdU, anti-cell surface and intracellular antibodies. Then the cells were washed and analyzed by flow cytometer., Results: The peak of BrdU incorporation was observed in T cells after they were stimulated for 48 hours in vitro, but no further increase of the peak of BrdU incorporation was found after incubated for a longer period of time. The comparison made between BrdU incorporation and cell activation indicated CD69 expression reached the peak after stimulated for 8 hours whereas CD25 was at the peak after stimulated for 24 hours. Furthermore, no correlation between BrdU incorporation and cytokine production was observed. High frequency of IFN-gamma producing cells was detected after stimulated for 8 hours but no obvious increase was observed for a longer period of time. When PBMC were stimulated with OKT3 plus antiCD28, the percentage of BrdU(+) T cells was higher than that stimulated by PMA plus Ionomycin. Similarly, the percentage of BrdU(+) CD8(+) T cells was higher than that of BrdU(+) CD4(+) T cells., Conclusion: The percentage of BrdU(+) cells can be detected by flow cytometer to evaluate the proliferation of T cells. Only a few T cells proliferate after polyclonal stimulation and BrdU incorporation is dependent on stimulants and time of stimulation. Therefore, BrdU incorporation is not correlated with activation markers and cytokine production.

Background & Objective: Currently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is still one of the widely applied chemotherapeutic agents for tumors. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can promote the differentiation of Th1 cells and induce the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by CD8+ T cells. This study was to investigate the suppression mechanism of 5-FU on the immune response mediated by T cells from normal human peripheral blood, and to determine the effect of IL-12 on the immune suppression induced by 5-FU., Methods: The effects of 5-FU on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver cancer cell line HepG2 were examined. PBMCs were stimulated with either anti-CD3 alone or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 in the presence or absence of 5-FU at different concentrations (0.20-50.00 microg/ml). The level of IFN-gamma in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. PBMCs were pretreated with 5-FU and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 for 2 days. The proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+, CD8+IFN-gamma+, CD4+IL-2+ and CD8+IL-2+ T cells, and the expression of CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). PBMCs were cultured in different combinations with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, IL-12 and/or 5-FU for 48 h. IFN-gamma level in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. The expression of IFN-gamma on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined by FCM., Results: 5-FU inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and PBMCs, and suppressed INF-gamma production in PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The proportions of immune T cells were lower in 5-FU-pretreated PBMCs than in control PBMCs (0.7% vs. 2.1% for CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells, 2.2% vs. 3.9% for CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells, 0.7% vs. 2.5% for CD4+IL-2+ T cells, 0.2% vs. 0.4% for CD8+IL-2+ T cells). Both the positive rate and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were decreased after pretreatment of 5-FU. When stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were 1.1% and 3.2% before adding IL-12, and 1.6% and 4.1% after treatment of IL-12. When stimulated by anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 5-FU, the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were 0.5% and 1.1% before adding IL-12, and 1.0% and 2.5% after treatment of IL-12., Conclusions: 5-FU could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the immune function of PBMCs. IL-12 could restore the T-cell immune function inhibited by 5-FU.

Background & Objective: Tumor supplied group of factors (TSGF) is the first kind of tumor marker in vitro which was primarily obtained the approval by Chinese government to land the market, there was no any reports about it in abroad before. In order to know its specificity and sensitivity, we designed this study to detect the TSGF in serum of the patients with malignancies and evaluate its clinical significance for diagnosis., Methods: Serum TSGF in 523 cases with malignancies and 400 cases of normal control were detected with chemical colorimetry. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated., Results: Mean levels of serum TSGF in the patients without malignancies (group A), the patients with malignancies (group B), the patients after curative treatment for malignancies (group C) and the normal control (group D) were 66.57, 71.24, 60.78, and 53.56 u/ml, respectively. After the statistical analysis, differences between the group A and group B, group A and group D, group B and group C, group B and group D, group C and group D were found (P < 0.05). But there was no obvious difference between the group A and group C (P > 0.05). The sensitivity was 63.86%; the specificity was 90.89%; the truly negative rate was 87.01%; and the falsely negative rate was 13.00%., Conclusions: Serum TSGF increased in malignancies and may be helpful for screening and early detection of cancer.