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A simple, accurate, precise and robust reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of Ertugliflozin (ETZ) and metformin (MFN) in bulk and in tablet dosage form. The method was carried out by used Waters (5µm, C18 250 x 4.6 mm) column with mobile phase consists of 0.75 mM sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer pH adjusted to 8.5, with NaOH, and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v, a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and photodiode detection at 263 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines with different parameters, the mean retention times of ertugliflozin and metformin were found to be 3.5& 2.0 min, respectively. The correlation coefficient values of calibration curves were found to be 0.999 for both ETZ and MFN, respectively. The LOD and LOQ for ertugliflozin and metformin were found to be 0.02-0.06 µg/mL and 17.5-58.3 µg/mL respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A selective, sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Ertugliflozin (ETR) and Sitagliptin (SGT) in bulk and its dosage form. The separation and determination was carried on water's C18 column capacitate (250X4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size), retention times of Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin were found to be 2.39 and 4.60 min. respectively. The wavelength was fixed at 215 nm with PDA detection. The mobile phase was consisted mixture of 0.5 mM potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer: Methanol in the ratio of 55:45 v/v, pH 5.3 was adjusted with HCl and flow of mobile phase was maintained 1mL/min. The calibration curve was linear and regression co-efficient (R²) value found to be 0.999 and concentration ranging from 37.5-112.5 and 250-750 µg/mL for Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin respectively. The quantization limit and detection limit of the method were found 0.1 & 0.3 µg/ml and 0.4 and 1µg/ml for Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A novel aspiration in treatment of migraine, to provide greater therapeutic effect, overcome the side effects by complex therapeutic regimen and to improve patient compliance upon administering bucco-adhesive tablet formulations of sumatriptan succinate which have not been tested literally. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to develop a bucco-adhesive tablet containing sumatriptan succinate using blends of different bio-adhesive polymeric combinations such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, and Carbopol 934P with a backing layer of ethyl cellulose by a direct compression technique. Tablets were subjected to physico-chemical parameters, swelling index, surface pH, ex vivo bioadhesive force, in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug permeation, and stability in saliva. Results: Good results were obtained in all the evaluated parameters. The drug release of all formulation follows zero- order kinetics by a diffusion mechanism type. Stability studies in human saliva, ex vivo buccal permeation studies by using sheep and porcine buccal mucosa were carried out for the optimized formulation (S4 CP:HPMC 3:1). Conclusion: The developed buccal drug delivery system containing sumatriptan succinate might be the alternative routes available to bypass the first pass metabolism and might be a milestone in the therapy of migraine and among all formulations S4 shows good controlled release results correlated with ex vivo permeation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal drugs are frequently considered to be less toxic and also free from side effects, than synthetic ones. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate one such combination of herbal drugs, Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica for their antidiabetic and antioxidant potential against alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The effect of both individual and a combination of Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica on blood glucose and liver glycogen were studied in the diabetic rats. The study also assessed for the effect of selected plant extracts for their effect on Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the homogenates of the pancreas. The results of the present study attests significant antidiabetic and antioxidant potential for the selected plants individually and also in combination as a prominent decrease in blood glucose and liver glycogen was observed in the rats treated with the extracts of the selected plants. Similarly, the levels of the protective antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT and GSH were increased along with decrease in the LPO levels. The present study provides a scientific evidence for antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica. Further studies to isolate bioactive compounds will pave the way to identify potential lead compounds for developing safe and efficacious antidiabetic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Amino acids are important role-playing components in the maintenance of the normal functions of parts of eye like retina and conjunctiva. In the current study the methyl and ethyl esters of amino acids such as lysine, phenyl alanine and valine were used to enhance the corneal permeation of ketorolac tromethamine. Methods: The amino-acid esters were coupled with the drug ketorolac tromethamine to obtain the test products and were characterized by various analytical techniques. The characterized test products were used to formulate the test ophthalmic solutions of Ketorolac tromethamine such as KPD-1, KPD-1A, KPD-2, KPD-2A, KPD-3 and KPD-3A with methyl and ethyl esters of corresponding amino-acids. These test products were subjected percentage corneal hydration and to permeation studies by using Franz diffusion cell mounted with freshly isolated goat cornea. Results: All the test results were compared with those of the standard Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution and observed that all the test solutions have exhibited less percentage corneal hydration and enhanced corneal permeation of ketorolac tromethamine. Conclusion: From all the results it can be concluded that the NonsteroidalAnti-Inflammatory Ketorolac has enhanced trans-corneal permeation and reduced corneal hydration when formulated with amino acid transporters by the pro-drug approach in ophthalmic solutions as the formulated pro-drugs have revealed high vitreal drug concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation highlights the novel trans-buccoadhesive films of Famotidine, an H2 receptor antagonist used as an anti-ulcerative agent. The buccal films were fabricated by solvent casting technique with different polymer combinations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carbopol-934P and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Drug-polymer interaction studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that there is no significant interaction between drug and polymers. The fabricated films were evaluated for their physicochemical characters like weight, thickness, surface pH, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss, swelling percentage, folding endurance, water vapor transmission and drug content. Stability study of buccal films was performed in natural human saliva. Ex vivo permeation studies were conducted using fresh sheep buccal mucosa and buccoadhesive strength was calculated by modified balance method and showed sufficient strength in all the formulations. Good correlation was observed between the in vitro drug release and in vivo drug release, with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. Drug diffusion from buccal films showed apparently zero order kinetics and release mechanism was diffusion controlled after considerable swelling.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of tachyarrhythmia caused by multiple re-entrant wave forms within the atria and bombarding the atrioventricular node several times making it beat in a rapid, disorganized fashion termed "fibrillation". In atrial fibrillation, atria beat more than 300 times per minute. The arrhythmatous condition needs to be controlled, as humans cannot withstand this rapid and chaotic beating of the heart. New investigational drugs like Dronedarone(®) are being used. Dronedarone is the most recent antiarrhythmic drugs. It was approved by US-FDA on July 2nd 2009 and is available in the USA as Multaq tablets (400 mg). Dronedarone falls under the category of multiple ion channel blocker. It mainly targets the repolarization currents, making them less active and hence prolonging the action potential duration (APD). Dronedarone also exhibits antiadrenergic activity, thus reducing the pace of the pacemaker. Dronedarone has been proven to be a safer and efficacious AAD, evidenced by both animal and human studies. These studies showed that there was prolongation of the APD and absence of QT interval prolongation with long term administration of the drug. Also there was reduced thyroid hormone receptor expression. Dronedarone is significantly safer and effective in maintaining the sinus rhythm and reducing the ventricular proarrhythmias, justifying it for the long term treatment of atrial fibrillation compared to other antiarrhythmic drugs.

Herbal drugs are frequently considered to be less toxic and also free from side effects, than synthetic ones. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate one such combination of herbal drugs, Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica for their antidiabetic and antioxidant potential against alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The effect of both individual and a combination of Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica on blood glucose and liver glycogen were studied in the diabetic rats. The study also assessed for the effect of selected plant extracts for their effect on Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the homogenates of the pancreas. The results of the present study attests significant antidiabetic and antioxidant potential for the selected plants individually and also in combination as a prominent decrease in blood glucose and liver glycogen was observed in the rats treated with the extracts of the selected plants. Similarly, the levels of the protective antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT and GSH were increased along with decrease in the LPO levels. The present study provides a scientific evidence for antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Asystasia gangetica and Morus indica. Further studies to isolate bioactive compounds will pave the way to identify potential lead compounds for developing safe and efficacious antidiabetic agents.