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1. Beam Charge Asymmetries for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Proton at CLAS12

Author: Voutier, E., Burkert, V., Niccolai, S., Paremuzyan, R., Afanasev, A., Alvarado-Galeano, J. -S., Atoui, M., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bernauer, J., Bianconi, A., Bondi, M., Briscoe, W., Camsonne, A., Capobianco, R., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Defurne, M., Deur, A., De Vita, R., Diehl, S., Dupré, R., Elouadrhiri, L., Fernando, I., Filippi, A., Forest, T., Girod, F. -X., Gosta, G., Grames, J., Gueye, P., Habet, S., Hattawy, M., Higinbotham, D., Hobart, A., Hyde, C., Joo, K., Kim, A., Klimenko, V., Kubarovsky, V., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., Matamoros, D., McCaughan, M., McKinnon, B., Migliorati, S., Mitra, H. S., Movsisyan, A., Muñoz-Camacho, C., Osipenko, M., Ouillon, M., Pappalardo, L., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Pilleux, N., Poelker, M., Raue, B., Ripani, M., Santos, R., Schmidt, A., Singh, R., Sokhan, D., Spreafico, M., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I., Taiuti, M., Venturelli, L., Wang, P. -K., Wei, X., Zhao, Z., Collaboration, the CLAS, and Group, the Jefferson Lab Positron Working
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The parameterization of the nucleon structure through Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) shed a new light on the nucleon internal dynamics. For its direct interpretation, Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) is the golden channel for GPDs investigation. The DVCS process interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) mechanism to constitute the leading order amplitude of the $eN \to eN\gamma$ process. The study of the $ep\gamma$ reaction with polarized positron and electron beams gives a complete set of unique observables to unravel the different contributions to the $ep \gamma$ cross section. This separates the different reaction amplitudes, providing a direct access to their real and imaginary parts which procures crucial constraints on the model dependences and associated systematic uncertainties on GPDs extraction. The real part of the BH-DVCS interference amplitude is particularly sensitive to the $D$-term which parameterizes the Gravitational Form Factors of the nucleon. The separation of the imaginary parts of the interference and DVCS amplitudes provides insights on possible higher-twist effects. We propose to measure the unpolarized and polarized Beam Charge Asymmetries (BCAs) of the $\vec{e}^{\pm}p \to e^{\pm}p \gamma$ process on an unpolarized hydrogen target with {\tt CLAS12}, using polarized positron and electron beams at 10.6 GeV. The azimuthal and $t$-dependences of the unpolarized and polarized BCAs will be measured over a large $(x_B,Q^2)$ phase space using a 100 day run with a luminosity of 0.66$\times 10^{35}$cm$^{-2}\cdot$s$^{-1}$., Comment: Proposal to the Jefferson Lab Program Advisory Committee (PAC51)
Published: 2023

2. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M., Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, L., Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z.-F., D’Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., de Paula, W., de Téramond, G. F., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J., Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G.-P., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F.-K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J.-O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Hiller Blin, A. N., Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E., Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, D. J., Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C.-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D., Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L., Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J.-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S.-X., Qiu, J.-W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J.-M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M., Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C., Seay, D. A., Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S., Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.-S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X.-B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S.-S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C.-P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., and Zihlmann, B.
Published: 2024
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3. Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements of Deeply Virtual $\pi^0$ Production with CLAS12

Author: Kim, A., Diehl, S., Joo, K., Kubarovsky, V., Achenbach, P., Akbar, Z., Alvarado, J. S., Armstrong, Whitney R., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bueltmann, S., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Charles, G., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clary, B., Clash, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., DeVita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., ElAlaoui, A., ElFassi, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fogler, C., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Gosta, G., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Hung, Yu-Chun, Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joosten, S., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Kabir, M. L., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Matamoros, D., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Moran, P., MunozCamacho, C., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Radic, A., Ramasubramanian, N., Reed, Trevor, Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Ziegler, V., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive $\pi^0$ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities $Q^2$ up to 8 GeV$^2$ and the Bjorken scaling variable $x_B$ in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electrons scattered on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. Sizable asymmetry values indicate a substantial contribution from transverse virtual photon amplitudes to the polarized structure functions.The interpretation of these measurements in terms of the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) demonstrates their sensitivity to the chiral-odd GPD $\bar E_T$, which contains information on quark transverse spin densities in unpolarized and polarized nucleons and provides access to the proton's transverse anomalous magnetic moment. Additionally, the data were compared to a theoretical model based on a Regge formalism that was extended to the high photon virtualities., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.14557
Published: 2023

4. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures
Published: 2023

5. First CLAS12 measurement of DVCS beam-spin asymmetries in the extended valence region

Author: CLAS Collaboration, Christiaens, G., Defurne, M., Sokhan, D., Achenbach, P., Akbar, Z., Amaryan, M. J., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Booth, W. A., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. -Th., Briscoe, W. J., Bueltmann, S., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Cao, T., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clash, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holmberg, D. E., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Kabir, M. L., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lagerquist, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., Matousek, G., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Molina, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Radic, A., Ramasubramanian, N., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Scott, M. B. C., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Trotta, N., Turisini, M., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Williams, R., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., Ziegler, V., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) allows one to probe Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) describing the 3D structure of the nucleon. We report the first measurement of the DVCS beam-spin asymmetry using the CLAS12 spectrometer with a 10.2 and 10.6 GeV electron beam scattering from unpolarised protons. The results greatly extend the $Q^2$ and Bjorken-$x$ phase space beyond the existing data in the valence region and provide over 2000 new data points measured with unprecedented statistical uncertainty, setting new, tight constraints for future phenomenological studies., Comment: Revised Figure 4 and discussion around the number of effective ANNs after Bayesian reweighting
Published: 2022

6. A multidimensional study of the structure function ratio $\sigma_{LT'}/\sigma_{0}$ from hard exclusive $\pi^+$ electro-production off protons in the GPD regime

Author: Diehl, S., Kim, A., Joo, K., Achenbach, P., Akbar, Z., Amaryan, M. J., Atac, H., Avagyan, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Booth, W. A., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. -Th., Briscoe, W. J., Bueltmann, S., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clash, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Grifoen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafdi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lagerquist, V., Laget, J. -M., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Molina, Esteban, Montgomery, R. A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Reed, Trevor, Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Sharabian, Y., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Spreafco, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Trotta, N., Turisini, M., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Williams, R., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A multidimensional extraction of the structure function ratio $\sigma_{LT'}/\sigma_{0}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n \pi^+$ reaction above the resonance region has been performed. The study was done based on beam-spin asymmetry measurements using a 10.6 GeV incident electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The measurements focus on the very forward regime ($t/Q^{2}$ $\ll$ 1) with a wide kinematic range of $x_{B}$ in the valence regime (0.17 $<$ $x_{B}$ $<$ 0.55), and virtualities $Q^{2}$ ranging from 1.5 GeV$^{2}$ up to 6 GeV$^{2}$. The results and their comparison to theoretical models based on Generalized Parton Distributions demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd GPDs and the directly related tensor charge of the nucleon. In addition, the data is compared to an extension of a Regge formalism at high photon virtualities. It was found that the Regge model provides a better description at low $Q^{2}$, while the GPD model is more appropriate at high $Q^{2}$., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.15677
Published: 2022
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7. First Measurement of $\Lambda$ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions

Author: Chetry, T., Fassi, L. El, Brooks, W. K., Dupré, R., Alaoui, A. El, Hafidi, K., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, K. P., Akbar, Z., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Booth, W. A., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. -Th., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Egiyan, H., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Kabir, M. L., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lagerquist, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rosner, G., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Williams, R., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhao, Z. W., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results of $\Lambda$ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014~GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the $\Lambda$ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction~($z$) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high~$z$~and~an enhancement at~low~$z$. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high~$z$. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022
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8. First observation of correlations between spin and transverse momenta in back-to-back dihadron production at CLAS12

Author: Avakian, H., Hayward, T. B., Kotzinian, A., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Boiarinov, S., Bossù, F., Brinkman, K. T., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bueltmann, S., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Forest, T., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Gilyan, Y., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ire, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joo, K., Kabir, M. L., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lagerquist, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marc, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pogorelko, O., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhao, Z. W., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first measurements of deep inelastic scattering spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron electroproduction, where two hadrons are produced in opposite hemispheres along the z-axis in the center-of-mass frame, with the first hadron produced in the current-fragmentation region and the second in the target-fragmentation region. The data were taken with longitudinally polarized electron beams of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV incident on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. Observed non-zero $\sin\Delta\phi$ modulations in $ep \rightarrow e'p\pi^+X$ events, where $\Delta\phi$ is the difference of the azimuthal angles of the proton and pion in the virtual photon and target nucleon center-of-mass frame, indicate that correlations between the spin and transverse momenta of hadrons produced in the target- and current-fragmentation regions may be significant. The measured beam-spin asymmetries provide a first access in dihadron production to a previously unobserved leading-twist spin- and transverse-momentum-dependent fracture function. The fracture functions describe the hadronization of the target remnant after the hard scattering of a virtual photon off a quark in the target particle and provide a new avenue for studying nucleonic structure and hadronization., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022
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9. Alignment of the CLAS12 central hybrid tracker with a Kalman Filter

Author: Paul, S. J., Peck, A., Arratia, M., Gotra, Y., Ziegler, V., De Vita, R., Bossu, F., Defurne, M., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. Th., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Costantini, G., Angelo, A. D, Dashyan, N., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Filippi, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K., Guidal, M., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Li, X., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Paremuzyan, R., Pilleux, N., Pogorelko, O., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Sabatie, F., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Spreafico, M., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., and Zachariou, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of aligning the sensors of tracking detectors, including a large number of modules, multiple types of detector technologies, and non-linear strip patterns on the sensors. All three of these factors apply to the CLAS12 CVT, which is a hybrid detector consisting of planar silicon sensors with non-parallel strips, and cylindrical micromegas sensors with longitudinal and arc-shaped strips located within a 5~T superconducting solenoid. To align this detector, we used the Kalman Alignment Algorithm, which accounts for correlations between the alignment parameters without requiring the time-consuming inversion of large matrices. This is the first time that this algorithm has been adapted for use with hybrid technologies, non-parallel strips, and curved sensors. We present the results for the first alignment of the CLAS12 CVT using straight tracks from cosmic rays and from a target with the magnetic field turned off. After running this procedure, we achieved alignment at the level of 10~$\mu$m, and the widths of the residual spectra were greatly reduced. These results attest to the flexibility of this algorithm and its applicability to future use in the CLAS12 CVT and other hybrid or curved trackers, such as those proposed for the future Electron-Ion Collider.
Published: 2022
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10. Observation of azimuth-dependent suppression of hadron pairs in electron scattering off nuclei

Author: Paul, S. J., Moran, S., Arratia, M., Alaoui, A. El, Hakobyan, H., Brooks, W., Amaryan, M. J., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. Th., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lagerquist, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V. I., Moran, P., Camacho, C. Munoz, Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pocanic, D., Pogorelko, O., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Rosner, G., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhao, Z. W., Ziegler, V., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present the first measurement of di-hadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an enhancement of pairs with large invariant mass. These effects grow with increased nuclear size. The data are qualitatively described by the GiBUU model, which suggests that hadrons form near the nuclear surface and undergo multiple-scattering in nuclei. These results show that angular correlation studies can open a new way to elucidate how hadrons form and interact inside nuclei, Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022
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11. Exclusive $\pi^{-}$ Electroproduction off the Neutron in Deuterium in the Resonance Region

Author: Tian, Y., Gothe, R. W., Mokeev, V. I., Hollis, G., Amaryan, M. J., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Bondì, M., Brinkmann, K. T., Briscoe, W. J., Bueltmann, S., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clash, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Griffioen, K., Guidal, M., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lagerquist, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. . J . D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Newton, J., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Počanić, D., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: New results for the exclusive and quasi-free cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium ${\gamma}_vn(p) \rightarrow p{\pi}^{-} (p)$ are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass ($W$) up to 1.825 GeV and the virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV$^2$. The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their Legendre moments were obtained. Final-state-interaction contributions have been kinematically separated from the extracted quasi-free cross sections off bound neutrons solely based on the analysis of the experimental data. These new results will serve as long-awaited input for phenomenological analyses to extract the $Q^{2}$ evolution of previously unavailable $n \to N^{*}$ electroexcitation amplitudes and to improve state-of-the-art models of neutrino scattering off nuclei by augmenting the already available results from free protons., Comment: The author list has been updated
Published: 2022
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12. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider EIC Yellow Report

Author: Khalek, R Abdul, Accardi, A, Adam, J, Adamiak, D, Akers, W, Albaladejo, M, Al-bataineh, A, Alexeev, MG, Ameli, F, Antonioli, P, Armesto, N, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Asai, M, Aschenauer, EC, Aune, S, Avagyan, H, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Azmoun, B, Bacchetta, A, Baker, MD, Barbosa, F, Barion, L, Barish, KN, Barry, PC, Battaglieri, M, Bazilevsky, A, Behera, NK, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bhattacharya, S, Bissolotti, C, Boer, D, Boglione, M, Bondì, M, Boora, P, Borsa, I, Bossù, F, Bozzi, G, Brandenburg, JD, Brei, N, Bressan, A, Brooks, WK, Bufalino, S, Bukhari, MHS, Burkert, V, Buttimore, NH, Camsonne, A, Celentano, A, Celiberto, FG, Chang, W, Chatterjee, C, Chen, K, Chetry, T, Chiarusi, T, Chien, Y-T, Chiosso, M, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cicala, G, Cisbani, E, Cloet, IC, Cocuzza, C, Cole, PL, Colella, D, Collins, JL, Constantinou, M, Contalbrigo, M, Contin, G, Corliss, R, Cosyn, W, Courtoy, A, Crafts, J, Cruz-Torres, R, Cuevas, RC, D'Alesio, U, Torre, S Dalla, Das, D, Dasgupta, SS, Da Silva, C, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, DeGraw, W, Dehmelt, K, Del Dotto, A, Delcarro, F, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, De Vita, R, Diefenthaler, M, Dilks, C, Dixit, DU, Dulat, S, Dumitru, A, Dupré, R, and Durham, JM
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter.
Published: 2022

13. Beam-Recoil Transferred Polarization in $K^+Y$ Electroproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region with CLAS12

Author: Carman, D. S., D'Angelo, A., Lanza, L., Mokeev, V. I., Adhikari, K. P., Amaryan, M. J., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Boiarinov, S., Bossu, F., Briscoe, W. J., Bueltmann, S., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Capobianco, R., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Montgomery, R. A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Newton, J., Niccolai, S., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Pilleux, N., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rossi, P., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Ziegler, V.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+\Lambda$ and $K^+\Sigma^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant energy $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the $K^+$. These new data extend the existing hyperon polarization data from CLAS in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. They represent an important addition to the world data, allowing for better exploration of the reaction mechanism in strangeness production processes, for further understanding of the spectrum and structure of excited nucleon states, and for improved insight into the strong interaction in the regime of non-perturbative dynamics., Comment: 25 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2022
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14. Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken $x_B$

Author: Georges, F., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Mazouz, M., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report high-precision measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable $x_B$. DVCS is sensitive to the Generalized Parton Distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton Form Factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of $x_B$, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.
Published: 2022
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15. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section at High Bjorken x_{B}.

Author: Georges, F, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, WB, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Mazouz, M, and Meddi, F
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract: We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable x_{B}. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of x_{B}, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.
Published: 2022

16. Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector

Author: Moran, S., Dupre, R., Hakobyan, H., Arratia, M., Brooks, W. K., Borquez, A., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Hafidi, K., Mendez, R., Mineeva, T., Paul, S. J., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, Giovanni, Armstrong, Whitney R., Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Egiyan, H., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J . D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, Trevor, Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, Kevin, Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive DIS off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum - the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The $\pi^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy $z$, and reaches minimum values of $0.67\pm0.03$, $0.43\pm0.02$, and $0.27\pm0.01$ for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The $z$ dependences of the multiplicity ratios for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10$\%$ for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GiBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure, transport properties, and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process., Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, 12 tables
Published: 2021
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17. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q^{2}) up to 15.75 (GeV/c)^{2}. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q^{2} and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q^{2} and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8 (GeV/c)^{2} the range of Q^{2} for which a discrepancy is established at >95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q^{2}.
Published: 2022

18. First-time measurement of Timelike Compton Scattering

Author: Chatagnon, P., Niccolai, S., Stepanyan, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Caudron, M., Celentano, A., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., Defurne, M., De Vita, R., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupré, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Kabir, M. L., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Migliorati, S., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Schmidt, A., Segarra, E. P., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Collaboration, the CLAS
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the first measurement of the Timelike Compton Scattering process, $\gamma p\to p^\prime \gamma^* (\gamma^*\to e^+e^-) $, obtained with the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. The photon beam polarization and the decay lepton angular asymmetries are reported in the range of timelike photon virtualities $2.25
Published: 2021
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19. Improved $\Lambda p$ Elastic Scattering Cross Sections Between 0.9 and 2.0 GeV/c and Connections to the Neutron Star Equation of State

Author: CLAS Collaboration, Rowley, J., Compton, N., Djalali, C., Hicks, K., Price, J., Zachariou, N., Adhikari, K. P., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Baashen, L., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Fradi, A., Gavalian, G., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Korover, I., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McCracken, M. E., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Pogorelko, O., Prok, Y., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Yurov, M., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on $\Lambda$-$N$ scattering. This experiment utilized the CLAS detector to study the $\Lambda p \rightarrow \Lambda p$ elastic scattering cross section in the incident $\Lambda$ momentum range 0.9-2.0 GeV/c. This is the first data on this reaction in several decades. The new cross sections have significantly better accuracy and precision than the existing world data, and the techniques developed here can also be used in future experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2021

20. Beam charge asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering off the proton

Author: Burkert, V., Elouadrhiri, L., Girod, F. -X., Niccolai, S., Voutier, E., Afanasev, A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bernauer, J. C., Bianconi, A., Capobianco, R., Caudron, M., Causse, L., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dupré, R., Ehrhart, M., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Forest, T., Grames, J., Gueye, P., Habet, S., Higinbotham, D., Hobart, A., Hyde, C. E., Joo, K., Kim, A., Klimenko, V., Ko, H. -S., Kubarovsky, V., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McCaughan, M., McKinnon, B., Movsisyan, A., Muñoz~Camacho, C., Pappalardo, L., Pasyuk, E., Poelker, M., Price, K., Raue, B., Shabestari, M., Santos, R., Sergeyeva, V., Strakovsky, I., Stoler, P., Venturelli, L., Zhao, S., Zhao, Z. W., and Collaboration, the CLAS
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The unpolarized and polarized Beam Char\-ge Asymmetries (BCAs) of the $\vv{e}^{\pm}p \to e^{\pm}p \gamma$ process off unpolarized hydrogen are discussed. The measurement of BCAs with the CLAS12 spectrometer at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, using polarized positron and electron beams at 10.6 GeV is investigated. This experimental configuration allows to measure azimuthal and $t$-dependences of the unpolarized and polarized BCAs over a large $(x_B,Q^2)$ phase space, providing a direct access to the real part of the Compton Form Factor (CFF) ${\mathcal H}$. Additionally, these measurements confront the Bethe-Heitler dominance hypothesis and eventual effects beyond leading twist. The impact of potential positron beam data on the determination of CFFs is also investigated within a local fitting approach of experimental observables. Positron data are shown to strongly reduce correlations between CFFs and consequently improve significantly the determination of $\Re {\rm e} [\mathcal{H}]$., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, Article part of the EPJA Topical Issue about "Positron beams and physics at Jefferson Lab". arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.15081
Published: 2021
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21. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Author: Khalek, R. Abdul, Accardi, A., Adam, J., Adamiak, D., Akers, W., Albaladejo, M., Al-bataineh, A., Alexeev, M. G., Ameli, F., Antonioli, P., Armesto, N., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Asai, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Aune, S., Avagyan, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Azmoun, B., Bacchetta, A., Baker, M. D., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K. N., Barry, P. C., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N. K., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V. V., Bernauer, J. C., Bertone, V., Bhattacharya, S., Bissolotti, C., Boer, D., Boglione, M., Bondì, M., Boora, P., Borsa, I., Bossù, F., Bozzi, G., Brandenburg, J. D., Brei, N., Bressan, A., Brooks, W. K., Bufalino, S., Bukhari, M. H. S., Burkert, V., Buttimore, N. H., Camsonne, A., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Chang, W., Chatterjee, C., Chen, K., Chetry, T., Chiarusi, T., Chien, Y. -T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cloet, I. C., Cocuzza, C., Cole, P. L., Colella, D., Collins II, J. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Cosyn, W., Courtoy, A., Crafts, J., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuevas, R. C., D'Alesio, U., Torre, S. Dalla, Das, D., Dasgupta, S. S., Da Silva, C., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., DeGraw, W., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., De Vita, R., Diefenthaler, M., Dilks, C., Dixit, D. U., Dulat, S., Dumitru, A., Dupré, R., Durham, J. M., Echevarria, M. G., Fassi, L. El, Elia, D., Ent, R., Esha, R., Ethier, J. J., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, K. O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fernandez-Ramirez, C., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fitzgerald, D., Flore, C., Frederico, T., Friščić, I., Fucini, S., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Ducati, M. B. Gay, Gericke, M., da Silveira, G. Gil, Girod, F. -X., Glazier, D. I., Gnanvo, K., Goncalves, V. P., Gonella, L., Hernandez, J. O. Gonzalez, Goto, Y., Grancagnolo, F., Greiner, L. C., Guryn, W., Guzey, V., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hen, O., Heyes, G., Higinbotham, D. W., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobbs, T. J., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hou, T. -J., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iakovidis, G., Ilieva, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jadhav, M., Janoska, Z., Jentsch, A., Jezo, T., Jing, X., Jones, P. G., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kafka, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, D., Kang, Z. B., Kauder, K., Kay, S. J. D., Keppel, C. E., Kim, J., Kiselev, A., Klasen, M., Klein, S., Klest, H. T., Korchak, O., Kostina, A., Kotko, P., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krelina, M., Kuleshov, S., Kumano, S., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, R., Kumar, L., Kumerički, K., Kusina, A., Kutak, K., Lai, Y. S., Lalwani, K., Lappi, T., Lauret, J., Lavinsky, M., Lawrence, D., Lednicky, D., Lee, C., Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Levorato, S., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Li, W. B., Ligonzo, T., Liu, H., Liu, M. X., Liu, X., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lorcé, C., Lu, Z., Lucero, G., Lukow, N. S., Lunghi, E., Majka, R., Makris, Y., Mandjavidze, I., Mantry, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mastroserio, A., Mathieu, V., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Mendez, L., Metz, A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Mihovilovič, M., Milner, R., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Mochalov, V., Moiseev, V., Mondal, M. M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D., Motyka, L., Moutarde, H., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Murgia, F., Murray, M. J., Musico, P., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nadolsky, P. M., Nam, J., Newman, P. R., Neyret, D., Nguyen, D., Nocera, E. R., Noferini, F., Noto, F., Nunes, A. S., Okorokov, V. A., Olness, F., Osborn, J. D., Page, B. S., Park, S., Parker, A., Paschke, K., Pasquini, B., Paukkunen, H., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Pegg, I. L., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Petriello, F., Petti, R., Pilloni, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pire, B., Pisano, C., Pitonyak, D., Poblaguev, A. A., Polakovic, T., Posik, M., Potekhin, M., Preghenella, R., Preins, S., Prokudin, A., Pujahari, P., Purschke, M. L., Pybus, J. R., Radici, M., Rajput-Ghoshal, R., Reimer, P. E., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Roberts, C. D., Rodini, S., Rojo, J., Romanov, D., Rossi, P., Santopinto, E., Sarsour, M., Sassot, R., Sato, N., Schenke, B., Schmidke, W. B., Schmidt, I., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Schnell, G., Schweitzer, P., Schwiening, J., Scimemi, I., Scopetta, S., Segovia, J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S., Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, K., Shao, D. Y., Sherrill, N., Sichtermann, E., Siddikov, M., Signori, A., Singh, B. K., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Slominski, W., Sokhan, D., Sondheim, W. E., Song, Y., Soto, O., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Stepanov, P., Sterman, G., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, I. W., Strakovsky, I., Strikman, M., Sturm, M., Stutzman, M. L., Sullivan, M., Surrow, B., Svihra, P., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. S., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tassielli, G. F., Terry, J., Tessarotto, F., Tezgin, K., Tomasek, L., Acosta, F. Torales, Tribedy, P., Tricoli, A., Triloki, Tripathi, S., Trotta, R. L., Tsai, O. D., Tu, Z., Tuvè, C., Ullrich, T., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Valentini, A., Vancura, P., Vandenbroucke, M., Van Hulse, C., Varner, G., Venugopalan, R., Vitev, I., Vladimirov, A., Volpe, G., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wagner, J., Wallon, S., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wei, S. Y., Weiss, C., Wenaus, T., Wennlöf, H., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wikramanayake, A., Winney, D., Wong, C. P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xiao, B. W., Xie, J., Xing, H., Xu, Q. H., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y. X., Zheng, L., Zhou, Y., and Zurita, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter, Comment: 902 pages, 415 authors, 151 institutions
Published: 2021
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22. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, M. E., Gautam, T., Ou, L., Schmookler, B., Wang, Y., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Ali, S. F., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S. L., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Camacho, C. M., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Dlamini, M., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Georges, F., Gilad, S., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gramolin, A. V., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Israel, N., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Karki, B., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Mayilyan, S., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesick, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Montgomery, R., Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R. F., Ohanyan, K., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, K., Park, S., Peng, C., Persio, F. D., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Stefanko, A., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Tan, Y., Thorne, L., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Uniyal, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y. X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2021
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23. Measurement of deeply virtual Compton scattering off Helium-4 with CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Author: Dupré, R., Hattawy, M., Baltzell, N. A., Bültmann, S., De Vita, R., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Egiyan, H., Girod, F. X., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Jenkins, D., Liuti, S., Perrin, Y., Stepanyan, S., Torayev, B., Voutier, E., Amaryan, M. J., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Caudron, M., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Ehrhart, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Hakobyan, H., Hayward, T. B., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Livingston, K., Kabir, M. L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Mascagna, V., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V. I., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Payette, D., Phelps, W., Pivnyuk, N., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Prok, Y., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R., Sergeyeva, V., Sharabian, Y., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Watts, D., Wei, K., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a radial time projection chamber to detect the low-energy recoiling $^4$He nuclei and an inner calorimeter to extend the photon detection acceptance at forward angles. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted enhancement of the coherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$$^4$He$'\gamma'$) beam spin asymmetries compared to those observed on the free proton, while the incoherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$p$'\gamma'$X$'$) asymmetries exhibit a 30$\%$ suppression. From the coherent data, we were able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only $^4$He Compton form factor, $\cal H_A$, leading the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei.
Published: 2021
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24. Measurement of the proton spin structure at long distances

Author: Zheng, X., Deur, A., Kang, H., Kuhn, S. E., Ripani, M., Zhang, J., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Boiarinov, S., Bondi, M., Bossu, F., Bosted, P., Briscoe, W. J., Brock, J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carlin, C., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Chen, J. -P., Choi, S., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Drozdov, V. A., Dupre, R., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. -X., Glazier, D. I., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guler, N., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holmstrom, T., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keith, C. D., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., livingston, K., Long, E., MacGregor, I. J. D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Mullen, C., Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Phillips, S. K., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Seely, M. L., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Sulkosky, V., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. Here we report proton spin structure measurements from scattering a polarized electron beam off polarized protons. The spin-dependent cross-sections were measured at large distances, corresponding to the region of low momentum transfer squared between 0.012 and 1.0 GeV$^2$. This kinematic range provides unique tests of chiral effective field theory predictions. Our results show that a complete description of the nucleon spin remains elusive, and call for further theoretical works, e.g. in lattice quantum chromodynamics. Finally, our data extrapolated to the photon point agree with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule, a fundamental prediction of quantum field theory that relates the anomalous magnetic moment of the proton to its integrated spin-dependent cross-sections., Comment: Published version. 10 pages, 5 figures. 20 pages of supplementary material (data tables and a figure)
Published: 2021
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25. Differential cross sections for {\Lambda}(1520) using photoproduction at CLAS

Author: Shrestha, U., Chetry, T., Djalali, C., Hicks, K., Nam, S. i., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Atac, H., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., De Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Holtrop, M., Huang, Q., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McCracken, M. E., McKinnon, B., Mokeev, V., Movsisyan, A., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Turonski, P. Nadel, Neupane, 5 K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pivnyuk, N., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Prok, Y., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+} \Lambda(1520)$ using photoproduction data from the CLAS $g12$ experiment at Jefferson Lab is studied. The decay of $\Lambda(1520)$ into two exclusive channels, $\Sigma^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $\Sigma^{-}\pi^{+}$, is studied from the detected $K^{+}$, $\pi^{+}$, and $\pi^{-}$ particles. A good agreement is established for the $\Lambda(1520)$ differential cross sections with the previous CLAS measurements. The differential cross sections as a function of CM angle are extended to higher photon energies. Newly added are the differential cross sections as a function of invariant 4-momentum transfer $t$, which is the natural variable to use for a theoretical model based on a Regge-exchange reaction mechanism. No new $N^*$ resonances decaying into the $K^+\Lambda(1520)$ final state are found., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2021
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26. Observation of Beam Spin Asymmetries in the Process $e p \rightarrow e \pi^{+}\pi^{-}X$ with CLAS12

Author: Hayward, T. B., Dilks, C., Vossen, A., Avakian, H., Adhikari, S., Angelini, G., Arratia, M., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondì, M., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Dugger, M., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Movsisyan, A, Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Nanda, S., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Segarra, E. P., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Thornton, A., Tyler, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The observation of beam spin asymmetries in two-pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off an unpolarized proton target is reported. The data presented here were taken in the fall of 2018 with the CLAS12 spectrometer using a 10.6 GeV longitudinally spin-polarized electron beam delivered by CEBAF at JLab. The measured asymmetries provide the first opportunity to extract the parton distribution function $e(x)$, which provides information about the interaction between gluons and quarks, in a collinear framework that offers cleaner access than previous measurements. The asymmetries also constitute the first ever signal sensitive to the helicity-dependent two-pion fragmentation function $G_1^\perp$. A clear sign change is observed around the $\rho$ mass that appears in model calculations and is indicative of the dependence of the produced pions on the helicity of the fragmenting quark., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2021
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27. Multidimensional, high precision measurements of beam single spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive $\pi^{+}$ electroproduction off protons in the valence region

Author: Diehl, S., Kim, A., Angelini, G., Joo, K., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M., Arratia, M., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bastami, S., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. -T., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Forest, T., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, W., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., Lu, Z., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Moran, P., Movsisyan, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Prok, Y., Prokudin, A., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Roberts, C. D., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Segarra, E. P., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tezgin, K., Thornton, A., Tyler, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Xu, S. -S., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: High precision measurements of the polarized electron beam-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) from the proton have been performed using a 10.6~GeV incident electron beam and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. We report here a high precision multidimensional study of single $\pi^{+}$ SIDIS data over a large kinematic range in Bjorken x, fractional energy and transverse momentum of the hadron as well as photon virtualities $Q^{2}$ ranging from $1-7\,$GeV$^{2}$. In particular, the structure function ratio $F^{\sin\phi}_{LU}/F_{UU}$ has been determined, where $F^{\sin\phi}_{LU}$ is a twist-3 quantity that can reveal novel aspects of emergent hadron mass and quark-gluon correlations within the nucleon. The data's impact on the evolving understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms and their kinematic variation is explored using theoretical models for the different contributing transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions.
Published: 2021
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28. Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of π0 at High Q2 in the Quark Valence Regime

Author: Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Georges, F, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Meddi, F, and Meekins, D
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of x_{B} (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q^{2} (3.1 to 8.4 GeV^{2}) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσ_{T}/dt+εdσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{TT}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{LT^{'}}/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t-t_{min}. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2021

29. Deep exclusive electroproduction of $\pi^0$ at high $Q^2$ in the quark valence regime

Author: The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Georges, F., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Munoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of $x_B$ (0.36, 0.48 and 0.60) and $Q^2$ (3.1 to 8.4 GeV$^2$) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt+\epsilon d\sigma_T/dt$, $d\sigma_{TT}/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{LT'}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer $t-t_{min}$. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross-section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity Generalized Parton Distributions coupled to a helicity flip Distribution Amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2020
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30. Photoproduction of the $f_2(1270)$ meson using the CLAS detector

Author: Carver, M., Celentano, A., Hicks, K., Marsicano, L., Mathieu, V., Pilloni, A., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, Giovanni, Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bondi, M., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De~Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., El~Alaoui, A., El~Fassi, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Gevorgyan, N., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Holtrop, M., Huang, Q., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S. ~, Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, C. W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McCracken, M. E., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Mokeev, V., A~Movsisyan, Munevar, E., Munoz~Camacho, C., Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Ripani, M., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The quark structure of the $f_2(1270)$ meson has, for many years, been assumed to be a pure quark-antiquark ($q\bar{q}$) resonance with quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 2^{++}$. Recently, it was proposed that the $f_2(1270)$ is a molecular state made from the attractive interaction of two $\rho$-mesons. Such a state would be expected to decay strongly to final states with charged pions, due to the dominant decay $\rho \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, whereas decay to two neutral pions would likely be suppressed. Here, we measure for the first time the reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 p$, using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab for incident beam energies between 3.6-5.4~GeV. Differential cross sections, $d\sigma / dt$, for $f_2(1270)$ photoproduction are extracted with good precision, due to low backgrounds, and are compared with theoretical calculations., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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31. Beam spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive electroproduction of a hadron pair

Author: Mirazita, M., Avakian, H., Courtoy, A., Pisano, S., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bossu', F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clary, B., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Ghandilyan, Y., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Huang, Q., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mokeev, V., Mullen, C., Camacho, C. Munoz, Neupane, K., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pocanic, D., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rossi, P., Sabatie', F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry ALU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. ALU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498 GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconstructing the scattered electron and the pion pair with the CLAS detector. One-dimensional projections of the sin(phiR) moments of ALU are extracted for the kinematic variables of interest in the valence quark region. The understanding of di-hadron production is essential for the interpretation of observables in single hadron production in semi-inclusive DIS, and pioneering measurements of single spin asymmetries in di-hadron production open a new avenue in studies of QCD dynamics.
Published: 2020
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32. Extraction of beam-spin asymmetries from the hard exclusive $\pi^{+}$ channel off protons in a wide range of kinematics

Author: Diehl, S., Joo, K., Kim, A., Avakian, H., Kroll, P., Park, K., Riser, D., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Tezgin, K., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Asryan, G., Atac, H., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Boss`u, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rossi, P., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the $\sin\phi$ moment $A_{LU}^{\sin\phi}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n \pi^+$ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center-of-mass. The $A_{LU}^{\sin\phi}$ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV$^{2}$ in $-t$, covering the kinematic regimes of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found $A_{LU}^{\sin\phi}$ to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90$^\circ$ in the center-of-mass. The unique results presented in this paper will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks.
Published: 2020
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33. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Afanasev, A., Albayrak, I., Ali, S. F., Amaryan, M., Annand, J. R. M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V. V., Bernauer, J. C., Bertone, V., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A., Bisio, P., Blunden, P., Boer, M., Bondì, M., Brinkmann, K. -T., Briscoe, W. J., Burkert, V., Cao, T., Camsonne, A., Capobianco, R., Cardman, L., Carmignotto, M., Caudron, M., Causse, L., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chen, J. -P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cline, E., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Darmé, L., Day, D., Defurne, M., De Napoli, M., Deur, A., De Vita, R., D'Hose, N., Diehl, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dongwi, B., Dupré, R., Dutrieux, H., Dutta, D., Ehrhart, M., Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Ent, R., Erler, J., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Flay, D., Forest, T., Fuchey, E., Fucini, S., Furletova, Y., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gautam, T., Girod, F. -X., Gnanvo, K., Grames, J., Grauvoge, G. N., Gueye, P., Guidal, M., Habet, S., Hague, T. J., Hamilton, D. J., Hansen, O., Hasell, D., Hattawy, M., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobart, A., Horn, T., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Ilyichev, A., Italiano, A., Joo, K., Joosten, S. J., Khachatryan, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Karky, B., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Kerver, M., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, J., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klimenko, V., Ko, H. -S., Kohl, M., Kozhuharov, V., Kriesten, B. T., Krnjaic, G., Kubarovsky, V., Kutz, T., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Liyanage, N., Liu, Q., Liuti, S., Mammei, J., Mantry, S., Marchand, D., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKinnon, B., McNulty, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meziani, Z. -E., Migliorati, S., Mihovilovic, M., Milner, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Movsisyan, A., Moutarde, H., Muhoza, M., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Murphy, J., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nardi, E., Nazeer, J., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Novotny, R., Owens, J. F., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Pegg, I., Peng, C., Perera, D., Poelker, M., Price, K., Puckett, A. J. R., Raggi, M., Randazzo, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Rathnayake, M., Raue, B., Reimer, P. E., Rinaldi, M., Rizzo, A., Roblin, Y., Roche, J., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Sabatié, F., Salmè, G., Santopinto, E., Estrada, R. Santos, Sawatzky, B., Schmidt, A., Schweitzer, P., Scopetta, S., Sergeyeva, V., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Sharabian, Y., Širca, S., Smith, E. S., Sokhan, D., Somov, A., Sparveris, N., Spata, M., Spiesberger, H., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I., Suleiman, R., Suresh, M., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadevosyan, V., Tadepalli, A. S., Thomas, A. W., Tiefenback, M., Trotta, R., Ungaro, M., Valente, P., Vanderhaeghen, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Wood, S., Xie, J., Xiong, W., Ye, Z., Yurov, M., Zaunick, H. -G., Zhamkochyan, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhao, S., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zorn, C.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures This version superseeds the previous version which scientific content was decomposed into several more elaborated articles. All of these articles will be collected in the EPJ A Topical Issue about "Positron beam and physics at Jefferson Lab (e+@Jlab)"
Published: 2020
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34. Photoproduction of $\eta$ mesons off the proton for $1.2 < E_\gamma < 4.7$ GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Author: Hu, T., Akbar, Z., Crede, V., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Asryan, G., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bossu, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Cruz-Torres, R., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Mascagna, V., McCracken, M. E., McKinnon, B., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. E., Mineeva, T., Mokeev, V., Movsisyan, A., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Skorodumina, Iu., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, K., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $\gamma p\to p\eta$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $\eta$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $\eta\to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $\eta$ photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The normalized angular distributions are also compared with the experimental results from several other experiments, and with predictions of $\eta$ MAID\,2018 and the latest solution of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis. Differential cross sections $d\sigma/dt$ are presented for incident photon energies $E_\gamma > 2.9$ GeV ($W > 2.5$ GeV), and compared with predictions which are based on Regge trajectories exchange in the $t$-channel (Regge models). The data confirm the expected dominance of $\rho$, $\omega$ vector-meson exchange in an analysis by the Joint Physics Analysis Center., Comment: 24 pages, 22 figures
Published: 2020
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35. Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction

Author: Schmidt, A., Pybus, J. R., Weiss, R., Segarra, E. P., Hrnjic, A., Denniston, A., Hen, O., Piasetzky, E., Weinstein, L. B., Barnea, N., Strikman, M., Larionov, A., Higinbotham, D., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M., Angelini, G., Asryan, G., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Beck, A., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Bossu, F., Biarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W., Burkert, V. D., Cao, F., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cohen, E., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., Cruz-Torres, R., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Duer, M., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Gavalian, G., Gilad, S., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Giuseppe, C., Glazier, D. I., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D., Ishkanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Korover, I., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., Beck, S. May-Tal, McKinnon, B., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Mustapha, B., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nanda, S., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Patsyuk, M., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schmookler, B., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Skorodumina, Iu., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wang, R., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zheng, X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, physicists resort to describing nuclear interactions using effective models that are well constrained at typical inter-nucleon distances in nuclei but not at shorter distances. This limits our ability to describe high-density nuclear matter such as in the cores of neutron stars. Here we use high-energy electron scattering measurements that isolate nucleon pairs in short-distance, high-momentum configurations thereby accessing a kinematical regime that has not been previously explored by experiments, corresponding to relative momenta above 400 MeV/c. As the relative momentum between two nucleons increases and their separation thereby decreases, we observe a transition from a spin-dependent tensor-force to a predominantly spin-independent scalar-force. These results demonstrate the power of using such measurements to study the nuclear interaction at short-distances and also support the use of point-like nucleons with two- and three-body effective interactions to describe nuclear systems up to densities several times higher than the central density of atomic nuclei., Comment: Total 26 pages, 13 figures. Main text: 8 pages, 3 figures. Methods section: 6 pages. Extended Data: 8 figures, 1 table. Supplementary Materials: 8 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2020
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36. Measurement of the helicity asymmetry Eγ→p→→pπ0 for the Eγ→p→→pπ0 reaction in the resonance region: The CLAS Collaboration

Author: Kim, C. W., Zachariou, N., Bashkanov, M., Briscoe, W. J., Fegan, S., Kashevarov, V. L., Nikonov, K., Sarantsev, A., Schmidt, A., Strakovsky, I. I., Watts, D. P., Workman, R. L., Achenbach, P., Akbar, Z., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Benmouna, N., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Booth, W. A., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Brock, J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Cao, T., Carlin, C., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clash, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Becerra, O. Cortes, Costantini, G., Crede, V., D’Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Filippi, A., Fogler, C., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Iwamoto, H., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Johnston, R., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kageya, T., Keith, C. D., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Li, X., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Migliorati, S., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Radic, A., Ramasubramanian, N., Ratliff, S., Reed, T., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rosner, G., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schott, D., Schumacher, R. A., Scott, M. B. C., Seely, M. L., Seroka, E. M., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Strauch, S., Tan, J., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wei, X., Williams, R., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yurov, M., Zhang, J., and Zurek, M.
Published: 2023
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37. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A, Afanasev, A, Albayrak, I, Ali, SF, Amaryan, M, Annand, JRM, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Atac, H, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Barion, L, Battaglieri, M, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bianconi, A, Biselli, A, Bisio, P, Blunden, P, Boer, M, Bondì, M, Brinkmann, K-T, Briscoe, WJ, Burkert, V, Cao, T, Camsonne, A, Capobianco, R, Cardman, L, Carmignotto, M, Caudron, M, Causse, L, Celentano, A, Chatagnon, P, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Ciullo, G, Cline, E, Cole, PL, Contalbrigo, M, Costantini, G, D’Angelo, A, Darmé, L, Day, D, Defurne, M, De Napoli, M, Deur, A, De Vita, R, D’Hose, N, Diehl, S, Diefenthaler, M, Dongwi, B, Dupré, R, Dutrieux, H, Dutta, D, Ehrhart, M, El Fassi, L, Elouadrhiri, L, Ent, R, Erler, J, Fernando, IP, Filippi, A, Flay, D, Forest, T, Fuchey, E, Fucini, S, Furletova, Y, Gao, H, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gautam, T, Girod, F-X, Gnanvo, K, Grames, J, Grauvogel, GN, Gueye, P, Guidal, M, Habet, S, Hague, TJ, Hamilton, DJ, Hansen, O, Hasell, D, Hattawy, M, Higinbotham, DW, Hobart, A, Horn, T, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Ilyichev, A, Italiano, A, Joo, K, Joosten, SJ, Khachatryan, V, Kalantarians, N, and Kalicy, G
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics, Synchrotrons and accelerators
Abstract: Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as important ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab.
Published: 2021

38. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J
Subjects: nucl-ex, hep-ex
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-protonscattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq.Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the protonmagnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which alongitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. Thedifference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observedat lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects,extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy isestablished at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the sizeof TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$.
Published: 2021

39. Neutron DVCS Measurements with BONuS12 in CLAS12

Author: Hattawy, M., Amaryan, M., Bültmann, S., Dodge, G., Dzbenski, N., Hyde, C., Kuhn, S., Payette, D., Poudel, J., Weinstein, L., Dupré, R., Guidal, M., Marchand, D., Muñoz, C., Niccolai, S., Voutier, E., Hafidi, K., Yi, Z., Chetry, T., El-Fassi, L., Baltzell, N., Gavalian, G., Girod, F. X., Stepanyan, S., Albayrak, I., Christy, E., Nadeeshani, A., Kalantarians, N., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, and Jenkins, D.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The three-dimensional picture of quarks and gluons in the nucleon is set to be revealed through deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS). With the absence of a free neutron target, the deuterium target represents the simplest nucleus to be used to probe the internal 3D partonic structure of the neutron. We propose here to measure the beam spin asymmetry (BSA) in incoherent neutron DVCS together with the approved E12-06-113 experiment (BONuS12) within the run group F, using the same beam time, simply with addition of beam polarization. The DVCS BSA on the quasi-free neutron will be measured in a wide range of kinematics by tagging the scattered electron and the real photon final state with the spectator proton. We will also measure BSA with all final state particles detected including the struck neutron. The proposed measurements is complementary to the approved CLAS12 experiment E12-11-003, which will also measure the quasi-free neutron DVCS by detecting the scattered neutron, but not the spectator proton. Indeed, besides providing more data for neutron DVCS, this experiment will allow a comparison of the measurement of the BSA of neutron DVCS from the approved E12-11-003 with the measurements using the two methods proposed herein. This comparison will help to understand the impact of nuclear effects, such as the final state interactions (FSI) and Fermi motion on the measurement of the neutron DVCS.
Published: 2019

40. Exclusive $\bm{\pi^{0}p}$ electroproduction off protons in the resonance region at photon virtualities 0.4~GeV$\bm{^{2}}$ $\bm{\leq~ Q^{2} \leq~1}$~GeV$\bm{^{2}}$

Author: Markov, N., Joo, K., Burkert, V. D., Mokeev, V. I., Smith, L. C., Ungaro, M., Adhikari, S., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, G., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, F., Biselli, A. S., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Carman, D. S., Carvajal, J. C., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., Ciullo, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De~Vita, R., De~Sanctis, E., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Ehrhart, M., El~Alaoui, A., El~Fassi, L., Eugenio, P., Evans, C., Filippi, A., Ghandilyan, Y., Girod, F. X., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nanda, S., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Rizzo, A., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wang, R., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., and Zachariou, N.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The exclusive electroproduction process $ep \rightarrow e'p'\pi^{0}$ was measured in the range of photon virtualities $Q^{2} = 0.4 - 1.0$~GeV$^{2}$ and the invariant mass range of the $p\pi^{0}$ system of $W = 1.1 - 1.8$~GeV. These kinematics are covered in exclusive $\pi^{0}$ electroproduction off the proton with nearly complete angular coverage in the $p\pi^{0}$ center-of-mass system and with high statistical accuracy. Nearly 36000 cross section points were measured, and the structure functions $\sigma_T+\epsilon\sigma_L$, $\sigma_{LT}$, and $\sigma_{TT}$, were extracted via fitting the $\phi_{\pi^{0}}$ dependence of the cross section. A Legendre polynomial expansion analysis demonstrates the sensitivity of our data to high-lying $N^*$ and $\Delta^{*}$ resonances with $M~>~1.6$ GeV. As part of a broad effort to determine the electrocouplings of the $N^{*}$ and $\Delta^{*}$ resonances using both single- and double-pion electroproduction, this dataset is crucial for the reliable extraction of the high-lying resonance electrocouplings from the combined isospin analysis of the $N \pi$ and $\pi^{+}\pi^{-} p$ channels., Comment: 21 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2019
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41. Deep exclusive electroproduction of $π^0$ at high $Q^2$ in the quark valence regime

Author: Collaboration, The Jefferson Lab Hall A, Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Georges, F, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Persio, F De, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, and Meddi, F
Subjects: hep-ex, nucl-ex
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction crosssection off protons at large values of $x_B$ (0.36, 0.48 and 0.60) and $Q^2$(3.1 to 8.4 GeV$^2$) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014.The corresponding structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt+\epsilon d\sigma_T/dt$,$d\sigma_{TT}/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{LT'}/dt$ are extracted as afunction of the proton momentum transfer $t-t_{min}$. The results suggest theamplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate thecross-section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described bycalculations based on transversity Generalized Parton Distributions coupled toa helicity flip Distribution Amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique wayto probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2020

42. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A, Afanasev, A, Albayrak, I, Ali, SF, Amaryan, M, Annand, JRM, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Atac, H, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Barion, L, Battaglieri, M, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bianconi, A, Biselli, A, Bisio, P, Blunden, P, Boer, M, Bondì, M, Brinkmann, K-T, Briscoe, WJ, Burkert, V, Cao, T, Camsonne, A, Capobianco, R, Cardman, L, Carmignotto, M, Caudron, M, Causse, L, Celentano, A, Chatagnon, P, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Ciullo, G, Cline, E, Cole, PL, Contalbrigo, M, Costantini, G, D'Angelo, A, Darmé, L, Day, D, Defurne, M, Napoli, M De, Deur, A, Vita, R De, D'Hose, N, Diehl, S, Diefenthaler, M, Dongwi, B, Dupré, R, Dutrieux, H, Dutta, D, Ehrhart, M, Fassi, L El, Elouadrhiri, L, Ent, R, Erler, J, Fernando, IP, Filippi, A, Flay, D, Forest, T, Fuchey, E, Fucini, S, Furletova, Y, Gao, H, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gautam, T, Girod, F-X, Gnanvo, K, Grames, J, Grauvoge, GN, Gueye, P, Guidal, M, Habet, S, Hague, TJ, Hamilton, DJ, Hansen, O, Hasell, D, Hattawy, M, Higinbotham, DW, Hobart, A, Horn, T, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Ilyichev, A, Italiano, A, Joo, K, Joosten, SJ, Khachatryan, V, Kalantarians, N, and Kalicy, G
Subjects: nucl-ex, hep-ex, hep-ph
Abstract: Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essentialingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of leptonaccelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab(JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a preciseunderstanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in boththe elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering ofpolarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables amodel independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, thedeeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positronsallows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the crosssection of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling anaccurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized partondistributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors.Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of theStandard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, theprecise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of chargedlepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of anexperimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab.
Published: 2020

43. Exploring the Structure of the Bound Proton with Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

Author: Hattawy, M., Baltzell, N. A., Dupré, R., Bültmann, S., De Vita, R., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Egiyan, H., Girod, F. X., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Jenkins, D., Liuti, S., Perrin, Y., Stepanyan, S., Torayev, B., Voutier, E., Adhikari, S., Angelini, Giovanni, Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Bossù, F., Brooks, W., Cao, F., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Sanctis, E., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Ehrhart, M., Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Forest, T. A., Fradi, A., Garçon, M., Gavalian, G., Gevorgyan, N., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Harrison, N., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Johnston, S., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, C. W., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Kabir, M. L., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Montgomery, R. A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Skorodumina, Iu., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Wang, R., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In the past two decades, deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons has been successfully used to advance our knowledge of the partonic structure of the free proton and investigate correlations between the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of quarks inside the nucleon. Meanwhile, the structure of bound nucleons in nuclei has been studied in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering experiments off nuclear targets, showing a significant difference in longitudinal momentum distribution of quarks inside the bound nucleon, known as the EMC effect. In this work, we report the first beam spin asymmetry (BSA) measurement of exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) off a proton bound in $^4$He. The data used here were accumulated using a $6$ GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target placed within the CLAS spectrometer in Hall-B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The azimuthal angle ($\phi$) dependence of the BSA was studied in a wide range of virtual photon and scattered proton kinematics. The $Q^2$, $x_B$, and t dependencies of the BSA on the bound proton are compared with those on the free proton. In the whole kinematical region of our measurements, the BSA on the bound proton is smaller by 20\% to 40\%, indicating possible medium modification of its partonic structure.
Published: 2018
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44. First Measurements of the Double-Polarization Observables $F$, $P$, and $H$ in $\omega$ Photoproduction off Transversely Polarized Protons in the $N^\ast$ Resonance Region

Author: Roy, P., Park, S., Crede, V., Anisovich, A. V., Klempt, E., Nikonov, V. A., Sarantsev, A. V., Wei, N. C., Huang, F., Nakayama, K., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Angelini, G., Avakian, H., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brock, J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Cao, F., Carlin, C., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Cortes, O., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Duran, B., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fradi, A., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Johnston, S., Joosten, S., Kabir, M. L., Keith, C. D., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Kuleshov, S. V., Kunkel, M. C., Lanza, L., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Meyer, C. A., Mineeva, T., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Movsisyan, A, Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Payette, D., Phelps, W., Pierce, J., Pogorelko, O., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Ritchie, B. G., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Seely, M. L., Sharabian, Y. G., Shrestha, U., Skorodumina, Iu., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tan, J. A., Torayev, B., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N. K., Wang, R., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: First measurements of double-polarization observables in $\omega$ photoproduction off the proton are presented using transverse target polarization and data from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) FROST experiment at Jefferson Lab. The beam-target asymmetry $F$ has been measured using circularly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200 - 2700 MeV, and the beam-target asymmetries $H$ and $P$ have been measured using linearly polarized tagged photons in the energy range 1200 - 2000 MeV. These measurements significantly increase the database on polarization observables. The results are included in two partial-wave analyses and reveal significant contributions from several nucleon ($N^\ast$) resonances. In particular, contributions from new $N^\ast$ resonances listed in the Review of Particle Properties are observed, which aid in reaching the goal of mapping out the nucleon resonance spectrum., Comment: Two authors added, figures updated
Published: 2018
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45. Alignment of the CLAS12 central hybrid tracker with a Kalman Filter

Author: Paul, S.J., Peck, A., Arratia, M., Gotra, Y., Ziegler, V., De Vita, R., Bossù, F., Defurne, M., Atac, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Baashen, L., Baltzell, N.A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A.S., Bondi, M., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K.-Th., Briscoe, W.J., Brooks, W.K., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V.D., Capobianco, R., Carman, D.S., Carvajal, J.C., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P.L., Costantini, G., D’Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., El Alaoui, A., El Fassi, L., Elouadrhiri, L., Filippi, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G.P., Golubenko, A.A., Gosta, G., Gothe, R.W., Griffioen, K., Guidal, M., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T.B., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D.G., Isupov, E.L., Jo, H.S., Johnston, R., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khachatryan, M., Khanal, A., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Li, X., MacGregor, I.J.D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Nicol, M., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Paremuzyan, R., Pilleux, N., Pogorelko, O., Pokhrel, M., Poudel, J., Price, J.W., Prok, Y., Reed, T., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Sabatié, F., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Shirokov, E.V., Shrestha, U., Simmerling, P., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Strakovsky, I.I., Strauch, S., Tan, J.A., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D.P., Wei, X., Wishart, R., Wood, M.H., and Zachariou, N.
Published: 2023
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46. First results on nucleon resonance photocouplings from the $\gamma p \to \pi^+\pi^-p$ reaction

Author: CLAS Collaboration, Golovatch, E., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Gothe, R. W., Hicks, K., Ishkhanov, B. S., Mokeev, V. I., Pasyuk, E., Adhikari, S., Akbar, Z., Amaryan, M. J., Avakian, H., Ball, J., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Cao, F., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Clary, B. A., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Heddle, D., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Johnston, S., Joo, K., Kabir, M. L., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khachatryan, M., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, A., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., McKinnon, B., Meyer, C. A., Montgomery, R. A., Movsisyan, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Skorodumina, Iu., Smith, G. D., Sober, D. I., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tan, J. A., Tyler, N., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wang, R., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first experimental measurements of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the $\gamma p \to \pi^+\pi^-p$ reaction, obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements cover the invariant mass range of the final state hadrons from 1.6~GeV~$
Published: 2018
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47. Beam-Target Helicity Asymmetry $E$ in $K^{0}\Lambda$ and $K^{0}\Sigma^0$ Photoproduction on the Neutron

Author: CLAS Collaboration, Ho, D. H., Schumacher, R. A., D'Angelo, A., Deur, A., Fleming, J., Hanretty, C., Kageya, T., Klein, F. J., Klempt, E., Lowry, M. M., Lu, H., Nikonov, V. A., Peng, P., Sandorfi, A. M., Sarantsev, A. V., Strakovsky, I. I., Walford, N. K., Wei, X., Workman, R. L., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Adikaram, D., Akbar, Z., Ball, J., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Bass, C. D., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Briscoe, W. J., Boiarinov, S., Burkert, V. D., Cao, F., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Chatagnon, P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clary, B. A., Cole, P., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Ehrhart, M., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Fradi, A., Ghandilyan, Y., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Jo, H. S., Johnston, S., Kabir, M. L., Keller, D., Khachatryan, G., Khachatryan, M., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, A., Kubarovsky, V., Laine, V., Lanza, L., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I . J . D., Marchand, D., Markov, N., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Meyer, C. A., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Movsisyan, A, Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paolone, M., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Rehfuss, M., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Sharabian, Y. G., Skorodumina, Iu., Smith, G. D., Sober, D. I., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tan, J. A., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wang, R., Watts, D. P., Weinstein, L. B., Whisnant, C. S., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zonta, I.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first measurements of the $E$ beam-target helicity asymmetry for the $\vec{\gamma} \vec{n} \to K^{0}\Lambda$, and $K^{0}\Sigma^{0}$ channels in the energy range 1.70$\leq W\leq$2.34 GeV. The CLAS system at Jefferson Lab uses a circularly polarized photon beam and a target consisting of longitudinally polarized solid molecular hydrogen deuteride with low background contamination for the measurements. The multivariate analysis method boosted decision trees was used to isolate the reactions of interest. Comparisons with predictions from the KaonMAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina models are presented. These results will help separate the isospin $I=0$ and $I=1$ photo-coupling transition amplitudes in pseudoscalar meson photoproduction., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures; Revised to match published version
Published: 2018
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48. Differential Cross Section for $\gamma d \rightarrow \omega d$ using CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Author: Chetry, T., Hicks, K., Compton, N., and Sargsian, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The cross section for coherent $\omega$-meson photoproduction off the deuteron has been measured for the first time as a function of the momentum transfer $t = (P_{\gamma}-P_{\omega})^2$ and photon energy $E_{\gamma}$ using the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The cross sections are measured in the energy range $1.4 < E_{\gamma} < 3.4$ GeV. A model based on $\omega-N$ rescattering is consistent with the data at low and intermediate momentum transfer, $|t|$. For $2.8 < E_{\gamma} < 3.4$ GeV, the total cross-section of $\omega-N$ scattering, based on fits within the framework of the Vector Meson Dominance model, is in the range of 30-40 mb., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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49. Double $K_S^0$ Photoproduction off the Proton at CLAS

Author: Chandavar, S., Goetz, J. T., Hicks, K., Keller, D., Kunkel, M. C., Paolone, M., Weygand, D. P., Adhikari, K. P., Adhikari, S., Akbar, Z., Ball, J., Balossino, I., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Cao, F., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Charles, G., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Clark, L., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Filippi, A., Fradi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Girod, F. X., Glazier, D. I., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Heddle, D., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jenkins, D., Johnston, S., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kabir, M. L., Khachatryan, G., Khachatryan, M., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, A., Klein, F. J., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Markov, N., McCracken, M. E., McKinnon, B., Meyer, C. A., Mineeva, T., Mokeev, V., Movsisyan, A, Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Raue, B. A., Ripani, M., Riser, D., Ritchie, B. G., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Sabatie, F., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Simonyan, A., Skorodumina, Iu., Sokhan, D., Smith, G. D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Ungaro, M., Voutier, E., Wei, X., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The $f_0$(1500) meson resonance is one of several contenders to have significant mixing with the lightest glueball. This resonance is well established from several previous experiments. Here we present the first photoproduction data for the $f_0$(1500) via decay into the $K_S^0 K_S^0$ channel using the CLAS detector. The reaction $\gamma p$ -> $f_0 p$ -> $K_S^0 K_S^0 p$, where J = 0, 2, was measured with photon energies from 2.7 to 5.1 GeV. A clear peak is seen at 1500 MeV in the background subtracted invariant mass spectra of the two kaons. This is enhanced if the measured 4-momentum transfer to the proton target is restricted to be less than 1.0 GeV2. By comparing data with simulations, it can be concluded that the peak at 1500 MeV is produced primarily at low t, which is consistent with a t-channel production mechanism., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2017
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50. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Author: Abdul Khalek, R., Accardi, A., Adam, J., Adamiak, D., Akers, W., Albaladejo, M., Al-bataineh, A., Alexeev, M.G., Ameli, F., Antonioli, P., Armesto, N., Armstrong, W.R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Asai, M., Aschenauer, E.C., Aune, S., Avagyan, H., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Azmoun, B., Bacchetta, A., Baker, M.D., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K.N., Barry, P.C., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N.K., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V.V., Bernauer, J.C., Bertone, V., Bhattacharya, S., Bissolotti, C., Boer, D., Boglione, M., Bondì, M., Boora, P., Borsa, I., Bossù, F., Bozzi, G., Brandenburg, J.D., Brei, N., Bressan, A., Brooks, W.K., Bufalino, S., Bukhari, M.H.S., Burkert, V., Buttimore, N.H., Camsonne, A., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F.G., Chang, W., Chatterjee, C., Chen, K., Chetry, T., Chiarusi, T., Chien, Y.-T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cloet, I.C., Cocuzza, C., Cole, P.L., Colella, D., Collins, J.L., II, Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Cosyn, W., Courtoy, A., Crafts, J., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuevas, R.C., D'Alesio, U., Dalla Torre, S., Das, D., Dasgupta, S.S., Da Silva, C., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., DeGraw, W., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., De Vita, R., Diefenthaler, M., Dilks, C., Dixit, D.U., Dulat, S., Dumitru, A., Dupré, R., Durham, J.M., Echevarria, M.G., El Fassi, L., Elia, D., Ent, R., Esha, R., Ethier, J.J., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, K.O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fernandez-Ramirez, C., Finger, M., Finger, M., Jr., Fitzgerald, D., Flore, C., Frederico, T., Friščić, I., Fucini, S., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Gay Ducati, M.B., Gericke, M., Gil Da Silveira, G., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D.I., Gnanvo, K., Goncalves, V.P., Gonella, L., Gonzalez Hernandez, J.O., Goto, Y., Grancagnolo, F., Greiner, L.C., Guryn, W., Guzey, V., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., He, X., Hemmick, T.K., Hen, O., Heyes, G., Higinbotham, D.W., Hiller Blin, A.N., Hobbs, T.J., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hou, T.-J., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Huber, G.M., Hyde, C.E., Iakovidis, G., Ilieva, Y., Jacak, B.V., Jacobs, P.M., Jadhav, M., Janoska, Z., Jentsch, A., Jezo, T., Jing, X., Jones, P.G., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kafka, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, D., Kang, Z.B., Kauder, K., Kay, S.J.D., Keppel, C.E., Kim, J., Kiselev, A., Klasen, M., Klein, S., Klest, H.T., Korchak, O., Kostina, A., Kotko, P., Kovchegov, Y.V., Krelina, M., Kuleshov, S., Kumano, S., Kumar, K.S., Kumar, R., Kumar, L., Kumerički, K., Kusina, A., Kutak, K., Lai, Y.S., Lalwani, K., Lappi, T., Lauret, J., Lavinsky, M., Lawrence, D., Lednicky, D., Lee, C., Lee, K., Lee, S.H., Levorato, S., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Li, W.B., Ligonzo, T., Liu, H., Liu, M.X., Liu, X., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lorcé, C., Lu, Z., Lucero, G., Lukow, N.S., Lunghi, E., Majka, R., Makris, Y., Mandjavidze, I., Mantry, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mastroserio, A., Mathieu, V., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Mendez, L., Metz, A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Mihovilovič, M., Milner, R., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Mochalov, V., Moiseev, V., Mondal, M.M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D., Motyka, L., Moutarde, H., Muñoz Camacho, C., Murgia, F., Murray, M.J., Musico, P., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nadolsky, P.M., Nam, J., Newman, P.R., Neyret, D., Nguyen, D., Nocera, E.R., Noferini, F., Noto, F., Nunes, A.S., Okorokov, V.A., Olness, F., Osborn, J.D., Page, B.S., Park, S., Parker, A., Paschke, K., Pasquini, B., Paukkunen, H., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Pegg, I.L., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Petriello, F., Petti, R., Pilloni, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pire, B., Pisano, C., Pitonyak, D., Poblaguev, A.A., Polakovic, T., Posik, M., Potekhin, M., Preghenella, R., Preins, S., Prokudin, A., Pujahari, P., Purschke, M.L., Pybus, J.R., Radici, M., Rajput-Ghoshal, R., Reimer, P.E., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Roberts, C.D., Rodini, S., Rojo, J., Romanov, D., Rossi, P., Santopinto, E., Sarsour, M., Sassot, R., Sato, N., Schenke, B., Schmidke, W.B., Schmidt, I., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Schnell, G., Schweitzer, P., Schwiening, J., Scimemi, I., Scopetta, S., Segovia, J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S., Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, K., Shao, D.Y., Sherrill, N., Sichtermann, E., Siddikov, M., Signori, A., Singh, B.K., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Slominski, W., Sokhan, D., Sondheim, W.E., Song, Y., Soto, O., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A.M., Stepanov, P., Sterman, G., Stevens, J.R., Stewart, I.W., Strakovsky, I., Strikman, M., Sturm, M., Stutzman, M.L., Sullivan, M., Surrow, B., Svihra, P., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.S., Tapia Takaki, J.D., Tassielli, G.F., Terry, J., Tessarotto, F., Tezgin, K., Tomasek, L., Torales Acosta, F., Tribedy, P., Tricoli, A., Triloki, Tripathi, S., Trotta, R.L., Tsai, O.D., Tu, Z., Tuvè, C., Ullrich, T., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G.M., Valentini, A., Vancura, P., Vandenbroucke, M., Van Hulse, C., Varner, G., Venugopalan, R., Vitev, I., Vladimirov, A., Volpe, G., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wagner, J., Wallon, S., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wei, S.Y., Weiss, C., Wenaus, T., Wennlöf, H., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wikramanayake, A., Winney, D., Wong, C.P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xiao, B.W., Xie, J., Xing, H., Xu, Q.H., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z.W., Zhao, Y.X., Zheng, L., Zhou, Y., and Zurita, P.
Published: 2022
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