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2. Tree diversity and functional leaf traits drive herbivore‐associated microbiomes in subtropical China

Author

Li, Y., Chesters, D., Wang, M.-Q., Wubet, Tesfaye, Schuldt, A., Anttonen, P., Guo, P-F., Chen, J.-T., Zhou, Q.-S., Zhang, N.-L., Ma, K.-P., Bruelheide, H., Wu, C.-S., Zhu, C.-D., Li, Y., Chesters, D., Wang, M.-Q., Wubet, Tesfaye, Schuldt, A., Anttonen, P., Guo, P-F., Chen, J.-T., Zhou, Q.-S., Zhang, N.-L., Ma, K.-P., Bruelheide, H., Wu, C.-S., and Zhu, C.-D.

Abstract

Herbivorous insects acquire microorganisms from host plants or soil, but it remains unclear how the diversity and functional composition of host plants contribute to structuring herbivore microbiomes. Within a controlled tree diversity setting, we used DNA metabarcoding of 16S rRNA to assess the contribution of Lepidoptera species and their local environment (particularly, tree diversity, host tree species, and leaf traits) to the composition of associated bacterial communities. In total, we obtained 7,909 bacterial OTUs from 634 caterpillar individuals comprising 146 species. Tree diversity was found to drive the diversity of caterpillar‐associated bacteria both directly and indirectly via effects on caterpillar communities, and tree diversity was a stronger predictor of bacterial diversity than diversity of caterpillars. Leaf toughness and dry matter content were important traits of the host plant determining bacterial species composition, while leaf calcium and potassium concentration influenced bacterial richness. Our study reveals previously unknown linkages between trees and their characteristics, herbivore insects, and their associated microbes, which contributes to developing a more nuanced understanding of functional dependencies between herbivores and their environment, and has implications for the consequences of plant diversity loss for trophic interactions.

Published
2021

3. The significance of tree-tree interactions for forest ecosystem functioning

Author

Trogisch, S., Liu, X., Rutten, G., Xue, K., Bauhus, J., Brose, U., Bu, W., Cesarz, S., Chesters, D., Connolly, J., Cui, X., Eisenhauer, N., Guo, L., Haider, S., Härdtle, W., Kunz, M., Liu, L., Ma, Z., Neumann, S., Sang, W., Schuldt, A., Tang, Z., van Dam, N.M., von Oheimb, G., Wang, M.-Q., Wang, S., Weinhold, A., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Xu, X., Yang, B., Zhang, N., Zhu, C.-D., Ma, K., Wang, Y., Bruelheide, H., Trogisch, S., Liu, X., Rutten, G., Xue, K., Bauhus, J., Brose, U., Bu, W., Cesarz, S., Chesters, D., Connolly, J., Cui, X., Eisenhauer, N., Guo, L., Haider, S., Härdtle, W., Kunz, M., Liu, L., Ma, Z., Neumann, S., Sang, W., Schuldt, A., Tang, Z., van Dam, N.M., von Oheimb, G., Wang, M.-Q., Wang, S., Weinhold, A., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Xu, X., Yang, B., Zhang, N., Zhu, C.-D., Ma, K., Wang, Y., and Bruelheide, H.

Abstract

Global change exposes forest ecosystems to many risks including novel climatic conditions, increased frequency of climatic extremes and sudden emergence and spread of pests and pathogens. At the same time, forest landscape restoration has regained global attention as an integral strategy for climate change mitigation. Owing to unpredictable future risks and the need for new forests that provide multiple ecosystem services, mixed-species forests have been advocated for this purpose. However, the successful establishment of mixed forests requires intrinsic knowledge of biodiversity's role for forest ecosystem functioning. In this respect, a better understanding of tree-tree interactions and how they contribute to observed positive tree species richness effects on key ecosystem functions is critical. Here, we review the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of tree-tree interactions and argue that positive net biodiversity effects at the community scale may emerge from the dominance of positive over negative interactions at the local neighbourhood scale. In a second step, we demonstrate how tree-tree interactions and the immediate tree neighbourhood's role can be systematically assessed in a tree diversity experiment. The expected results will improve predictions about the effects of tree interactions on ecosystem functioning based on general principles. We argue that this knowledge is urgently required to guide the design of tree species mixtures for the successful establishment of newly planted forests.

Published
2021

5. Multiple components of plant diversity loss determine herbivore phylogenetic diversity in a subtropical forest experiment

Author

Wang, M.-Q., Li, Y., Chesters, D., Anttonen, P., Bruelheide, B., Chen, J.-T., Durka, Walter, Guo, P-F., Härdtle, W., Ma, K., Michalski, Stefan, Schmid, B., von Oheimb, G., Wu, C.-S., Zhang, N.-L., Zhou, Q.-S., Schuldt, A., Zhu, C.-D., Wang, M.-Q., Li, Y., Chesters, D., Anttonen, P., Bruelheide, B., Chen, J.-T., Durka, Walter, Guo, P-F., Härdtle, W., Ma, K., Michalski, Stefan, Schmid, B., von Oheimb, G., Wu, C.-S., Zhang, N.-L., Zhou, Q.-S., Schuldt, A., and Zhu, C.-D.

Abstract

1.Plant diversity loss can alter higher trophic‐level communities via non‐random species interactions, which in turn may cascade to affect key ecosystem functions. These non‐random linkages might be best captured by patterns of phylogenetic diversity, which take into account co‐evolutionary dependencies. However, lack of adequate phylogenetic data of higher trophic levels hampers our mechanistic understanding of biodiversity relationships in species‐rich ecosystems. 2.We used DNA barcoding to generate data on the phylogenetic diversity of lepidopteran caterpillars in a large‐scale forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China. We analysed how different metrics of lepidopteran phylogenetic diversity (Faith's PD, MPD, MNTD) and taxonomic diversity were influenced by multiple components of tree diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic). 3.Our data from six sampling periods represent 7204 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of lepidopteran larvae, clustered into 461 molecular operational taxonomic units. Lepidopteran abundance, the effective number of species (irrespective of the focus on rare or common species) and Faith's PD and MPD (reflecting basal evolutionary splits), but not MNTD (reflecting recent evolutionary splits), significantly increased with experimentally manipulated tree species richness. Lepidopteran MNTD decreased with increasing tree MNTD. Path analyses showed that tree phylogenetic and functional diversity explained part, but not all of the effects of tree species richness on lepidopteran diversity. Importantly, tree diversity effects on lepidopteran diversity were to a large extent indirect, operating via changes in lepidopteran abundance. 4.Synthesis. Our study shows that evolutionary dependencies determine the response of herbivore communities to changes in host plant diversity. Incorporating a wider range of diversity metrics both at the level of producers and consumers can thus help to develop a more comprehe

Published
2019

6. Geosynchronous Technology Infusion Studies

Author

Hilliard, L, Jenstrom, D, Chesters, D, and Racette, P

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

NASA and NOAA are now sponsoring Advanced Geosynchronous Studies (AGeoS), technology work that will lead to the next generation of space sensors located in geosynchronous orbit. This report briefly describes the initial steps being taken to investigate the high priority geosynchronous measurement needs identified so far.

Published
1997

7. Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment

Author

Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Castro-Izaguirre, N., Baruffol, M., Brezzi, M., Lang, A., Li, Y., Härdtle, W., von Oheimb, G., Yang, X., Liu, X., Pei, K., Both, S., Yang, B., Eichenberg, D., Assmann, T., Bauhus, J., Behrens, T., Buscot, Francois, Chen, X.-Y., Chesters, D., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, Walter, Erfmeier, A., Fang, J., Fischer, M., Guo, L.-D., Guo, D., Gutknecht, J.L.M., He, J.-S., He, C.-L., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Hu, R.-Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Liang, Y., Li, S., Michalski, Stefan, Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Shi, X., Tan, M.-Z., Tang, Z., Trogisch, S., Wang, Z., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Xiang, W., Yu, M., Yu, X.-D., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, N., Zhou, H.-Z., Zhu, C.-D., Zhu, L., Bruelheide, H., Ma, K., Niklaus, P.A., Schmid, B., Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Castro-Izaguirre, N., Baruffol, M., Brezzi, M., Lang, A., Li, Y., Härdtle, W., von Oheimb, G., Yang, X., Liu, X., Pei, K., Both, S., Yang, B., Eichenberg, D., Assmann, T., Bauhus, J., Behrens, T., Buscot, Francois, Chen, X.-Y., Chesters, D., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, Walter, Erfmeier, A., Fang, J., Fischer, M., Guo, L.-D., Guo, D., Gutknecht, J.L.M., He, J.-S., He, C.-L., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Hu, R.-Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Liang, Y., Li, S., Michalski, Stefan, Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Shi, X., Tan, M.-Z., Tang, Z., Trogisch, S., Wang, Z., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Xiang, W., Yu, M., Yu, X.-D., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, N., Zhou, H.-Z., Zhu, C.-D., Zhu, L., Bruelheide, H., Ma, K., Niklaus, P.A., and Schmid, B.

Abstract

Biodiversity experiments have shown that species loss reduces ecosystem functioning in grassland. To test whether this result can be extrapolated to forests, the main contributors to terrestrial primary productivity, requires large-scale experiments. We manipulated tree species richness by planting more than 150,000 trees in plots with 1 to 16 species. Simulating multiple extinction scenarios, we found that richness strongly increased stand-level productivity. After 8 years, 16-species mixtures had accumulated over twice the amount of carbon found in average monocultures and similar amounts as those of two commercial monocultures. Species richness effects were strongly associated with functional and phylogenetic diversity. A shrub addition treatment reduced tree productivity, but this reduction was smaller at high shrub species richness. Our results encourage multispecies afforestation strategies to restore biodiversity and mitigate climate change.

Published
2018

9. Toward a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality

Author

Trogisch, S., Schuldt, A., Bauhaus, J., Blum, J.A., Both, S., Buscot, Francois, Castro-Izaguirre, N., Chesters, D., Durka, Walter, Eichenberg, David, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Germany, M.S., Goebes, P., Gutknecht, Jessica, Hahn, Christoph, Haider, S., Haerdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Huang, Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Kunz, M., Leppert, K., Li, Y., Liu, X., Niklaus, P.A., Pei, Z., Pietsch, K.A., Prinz, R., Proß, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Seitz, S., Song, Z., Staab, M., von Oheimb, G., Weißbecker, Christina, Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Yang, B., Yang, X., Zhu, C.-D., Schmid, B., Ma, K., Bruelheide, H., Trogisch, S., Schuldt, A., Bauhaus, J., Blum, J.A., Both, S., Buscot, Francois, Castro-Izaguirre, N., Chesters, D., Durka, Walter, Eichenberg, David, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Germany, M.S., Goebes, P., Gutknecht, Jessica, Hahn, Christoph, Haider, S., Haerdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Huang, Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Kunz, M., Leppert, K., Li, Y., Liu, X., Niklaus, P.A., Pei, Z., Pietsch, K.A., Prinz, R., Proß, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Seitz, S., Song, Z., Staab, M., von Oheimb, G., Weißbecker, Christina, Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Yang, B., Yang, X., Zhu, C.-D., Schmid, B., Ma, K., and Bruelheide, H.

Abstract

Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has extended its scope from communities that are short-lived or reshape their structure annually to structurally complex forest ecosystems. The establishment of tree diversity experiments poses specific methodological challenges for assessing the multiple functions provided by forest ecosystems. In particular, methodological inconsistencies and nonstandardized protocols impede the analysis of multifunctionality within, and comparability across the increasing number of tree diversity experiments. By providing an overview on key methods currently applied in one of the largest forest biodiversity experiments, we show how methods differing in scale and simplicity can be combined to retrieve consistent data allowing novel insights into forest ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, we discuss and develop recommendations for the integration and transferability of diverse methodical approaches to present and future forest biodiversity experiments. We identified four principles that should guide basic decisions concerning method selection for tree diversity experiments and forest BEF research: (1) method selection should be directed toward maximizing data density to increase the number of measured variables in each plot. (2) Methods should cover all relevant scales of the experiment to consider scale dependencies of biodiversity effects. (3) The same variable should be evaluated with the same method across space and time for adequate larger-scale and longer-time data analysis and to reduce errors due to changing measurement protocols. (4) Standardized, practical and rapid methods for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem functions should be promoted to increase comparability among forest BEF experiments. We demonstrate that currently available methods provide us with a sophisticated toolbox to improve a synergistic understanding of forest multifunctionality. However, these methods require further adjustment to the specific requir

Published
2017

11. Compromised communication: a qualitative study exploring Afghan families and health professionals' experience of interpreting support in Australian maternity care

Author

Yelland, J, Riggs, E, Szwarc, J, Casey, S, Duell-Piening, P, Chesters, D, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, Brown, S, Yelland, J, Riggs, E, Szwarc, J, Casey, S, Duell-Piening, P, Chesters, D, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, and Brown, S

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Difficulties associated with communication are thought to contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes experienced by refugee background women living in developed countries. This study explored Afghan women and men's experience of language support during pregnancy, labour and birth, and health professionals' experiences of communicating with clients of refugee background with low English proficiency. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with (1) Afghan women and men in the first year after having a baby in Australia, by multilingual, bicultural researchers and (2) midwives and medical practitioners providing care to families of refugee background. Analysis was conducted thematically. RESULTS: Sixteen Afghan women, 14 Afghan men, 10 midwives, five medical practitioners and 19 community-based health professionals (refugee health nurses, bicultural workers, counsellors) providing maternity or early postnatal care participated. Midwife and medical informants concurred that accredited interpreters are generally booked for the first pregnancy visit, but not routinely used for other appointments. Very few Afghan participants reported access to on-site interpreters. Men commonly interpreted for their wives. There was minimal professional interpreting support for imaging and pathology screening appointments or during labour and birth. Health professionals noted challenges in negotiating interpreting services when men were insistent on providing language support for their wives and difficulties in managing interpreter-mediated visits within standard appointment times. Failure to engage interpreters was apparent even when accredited interpreters were available and at no cost to the client or provider. CONCLUSIONS: Improving identification of language needs at point of entry into healthcare, developing innovative ways to engage interpreters as integral members of multidisciplinary healthcare teams and building health professionals' capacity to respond to language needs

Published
2016

12. Promoting the inclusion of Afghan women and men in research: reflections from research and community partners involved in implementing a 'proof of concept' project

Author

Riggs, E, Yelland, J, Szwarc, J, Casey, S, Chesters, D, Duell-Piening, P, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, Brown, S, Riggs, E, Yelland, J, Szwarc, J, Casey, S, Chesters, D, Duell-Piening, P, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, and Brown, S

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: With mounting evidence that poor maternal and child health outcomes are related to the social determinants of health, researchers need to engage with vulnerable and isolated communities to gather the evidence that is essential to determine appropriate solutions. Conventional research methods may not ensure the degree and quality of participation that is necessary for meaningful study findings. Participatory methods provide reciprocal opportunities for often excluded communities to both take part in, and guide the conduct of research. METHOD/DESIGN: The Having a baby in a new country research project was undertaken to provide evidence about how women and men of refugee background experience health services at the time of having a baby. This two year, multifaceted proof of concept study comprised: 1) an organisational partnership to oversee the project; 2) a community engagement framework including: female and male Afghan community researchers, community and sector stakeholder advisory groups and community consultation and engagement. DISCUSSION: Inclusive research strategies that address power imbalances in research, and diversity of and within communities, are necessary to obtain the evidence required to address health inequalities in vulnerable populations. Such an approach involves mindfully adapting research processes to ensure that studies have regard for the advice of community members about the issues that affect them. Researchers have much to gain by committing time and resources to engaging communities in reciprocal ways in research processes.

Published
2015

14. How do Australian maternity and early childhood health services identify and respond to the settlement experience and social context of refugee background families?

Author

Yelland, J, Riggs, E, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, Casey, S, Szwarc, J, Duell-Piening, P, Chesters, D, Brown, S, Yelland, J, Riggs, E, Wahidi, S, Fouladi, F, Casey, S, Szwarc, J, Duell-Piening, P, Chesters, D, and Brown, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Refugees have poor mental, social and physical health related to experiences of trauma and stresses associated with settlement, however little is known about how refugee families experience maternity and early childhood services. The aim of this study was to explore the responsiveness of health services to the social and mental health of Afghan women and men at the time of having a baby. METHOD: Participatory methods including community engagement and consultation with the Afghan community and service providers in Melbourne, Australia. Bicultural researchers conducted interviews with Afghan women and men who had recently had a baby. Interviews and focus groups were also conducted with health professionals working in the region. RESULTS: Thirty interviews were conducted with Afghan women and men who had recently had a baby. Thirty-four health professionals participated in an interview or focus group.Afghan women and men reported significant social hardship during the period before and after having a baby in Australia, but were rarely asked about their social health by maternity and early childhood services.Most health professionals recognised that knowledge and understanding of their client's migration history and social circumstances was relevant to the provision of high quality care. However, inquiring about refugee background, and responding to non-clinical needs of refugee families was challenging for many health professionals. Factors that made it more difficult for health professionals to engage with Afghan families in pregnancy included limited understanding of the context of migration, dependency of many Afghan women on their husband for interpreting, short appointments, and the high likelihood of seeing different health professionals at each antenatal visit. Community-based maternal and child health nurses had more scope to work with interpreters, and build relationships with families, providing a stronger foundation for identifying and respondin

Published
2014

15. Equitable access to dental care for an at-risk group: a review of services for Australian refugees

Author

Davidson, N., Skull, Susan, Calache, H., Chesters, D., Chalmers, John, Davidson, N., Skull, Susan, Calache, H., Chesters, D., and Chalmers, John

Abstract

Objective: Despite the poor dental health of refugees, few specific services are available. This review maps public dental services for refugees across Australian jurisdictions, identifies gaps in provision, identifies barriers to accessing dental care, and provides recommendations for improving access and oral health promotion for this group. Methods: Data were sought from the State and Territory services for: a) the survivors of torture; b) oral health care units; and c) auditors-general reports of dental services. Eligibility criteria and estimated waiting times for general dental services, criteria for access to emergency care and availability of interpreter services were reviewed. Results: Marked variation exists across Australian jurisdictions in available dental services and criteria for access to public dental care for refugees. There is limited priority access to general dental services for refugees. Waiting times for public dental treatment in most, if not all, jurisdictions are unacceptably long (range 13–58 months). Few interpreter services exist for refugees seeking to access dental services. Conclusions: Access to dental services for refugees across Australia remains fragmented and limited, particularly in rural and regional areas. Refugees are not using services because of several barriers, including long waiting times, variation in assessment criteria, different eligibility criteria and limited interpreter services. Consequently, their pattern of service use does not accurately reflect their needs. Implications: Australia needs better co-ordinated, more extensive dental services that are easily accessible for this very high risk group. Identification of refugees as a special needs group and provision of targeted interventions addressing barriers to care are needed to establish adequate dental care.

Published
2007

16. Concept for Geostationary Experimental Temperature and Moisture Sounder (GETMS)

Author

Kumer, J. B, Sterrit, L. W, Steakley, B. C, Springer, L. A, Roche, A. E, Rosenberg, W. J, James, T. C, Shenk, W. E, Susskind, J, and Chesters, D

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation
Abstract

The concept of the Geostationary Experimental Temperature and Moisture Sounder (GETMS) is described, with special attention given to the system constraints and its performance characteristics. The GETMS concept supports operation in a high-resolution 'nominal experimental mode' that could achieve spectral resolution of the order 0.2/cm in the 4.2-micron region with signal/noise sufficient to achieve temperature profile retrievals with vertical resolution of the order 1 to 2 km and accuracy to 1 K or less. The concept includes a cryogenic module to provide cryogenic cooling of the focal plane. The GETMS functional diagram and diagrams of the GETMS spectrometer and of the cryogenics module are included.

Published
1988

17. Optimized retrievals of precipitable water fields from combinations of VAS satellite and conventional surface observations

Author

Robinson, W. D, Chesters, D, and Uccellini, L. W

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

VISSR (visible and infrared spin-scan radiometer) atmospheric sounder (VAS) radiances and conventional surface temperature and dewpoint data are used in several combinations within a regression approach to determine the optimum resolution and accuracy of precipitable water (PW) fields retrieved from satellite observations. Point retrievals at radiosonde stations are used to determine the numerical accuracy of each retrieval technique, and image sequences of the retrieved PW fields are used to determine the temporal stability and spatial coherence of mesoscale PW features. VAS channels 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the surface dewpoint contribute the most information to regression-based retrievals of PW. The most accurate PW retrievals are obtained when radiances are averaged to a resolution of 15 to 60 km. A physical 'split-window' approach provides better PW estimates than regression when only the 11- and 12-micron VAS channels are available or when radiosonde-based training is limited to only one time period.

Published
1986

18. Assessment of VAS soundings in the analysis of a preconvective environment

Author

Mostek, A, Uccellini, L. W, Petersen, R. A, and Chesters, D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The ability of geosynchronous satellite soundings to analyze a preconvective environment is studied. VAS data of temperature, dewpoint, equivalent potential temperature, precipitation, and lifted index from the central U.S. on July 13, 1981 are derived with 30 km resolution at three hour intervals. It is observed that the VAS retrievals identify mesoscale regions with convective instability, and significant spatial gradients and temporal changes in the thermal and moisture fields are detected. The presence of small clouds degrades the VAS data; however, the study reveals that VAS soundings produce high-resolution spatial and temporal measurements of potential thunderstorm regions.

Published
1986
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19. Assessment of VAS soundings in the analysis of a preconvective environment

Author

Mostek, A, Uccellini, L. W, Petersen, R. A, and Chesters, D

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Retrievals from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) are combined with conventional data to assess the impact of geosynchronous satellite soundings upon the analysis of a preconvective environment. VAS retrievals of temperature, dewpoint, equivalent potential temperature, precipitable water, and lifted index are derived with 60 km resolution at 3 hour intervals. When VAS fields are combined with analyses from conventional data sources, mesoscale regions with convective instability are more clearly delineated prior to the rapid development of the thunderstorms. The retrievals differentiate isolated areas in which air extends throughout the lower troposphere from those regions where moisture is confined to a thin layer near the Earth's surface. The analyses of the VAS retrievals identify significant spatial gradients and temporal changes in the thermal and moisture fields, especially in the regions between radiosonde observations.

Published
1985

20. Calculations of atmospheric transmittance in the 11 micrometer window for estimating skin temperature from VISSR infrared brightness temperatures

Author

Chesters, D

Subjects
Communications And Radar
Abstract

An algorithm for calculating the atmospheric transmittance in the 10 to 20 micro m spectral band from a known temperature and dewpoint profile, and then using this transmittance to estimate the surface (skin) temperature from a VISSR observation in the 11 micro m window is presented. Parameterizations are drawn from the literature for computing the molecular absorption due to the water vapor continuum, water vapor lines, and carbon dioxide lines. The FORTRAN code is documented for this application, and the sensitivity of the derived skin temperature to variations in the model's parameters is calculated. The VISSR calibration uncertainties are identified as the largest potential source of error.

Published
1984

21. The accuracy of mesoscale temperature and dewpoint fields retrieved from VAS satellite and conventional surface data

Author

Chesters, D, Lee, T. H, Mostek, A, and Keyser, D. A

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The Visible Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) is a twelve channel imaging radiometer on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). It is pointed out that the instrument is designed to monitor the evolution of tropospheric temperature and moisture fields at mesoscale resolution. Since the numerical qualities of VAS soundings affect their usefulness, a quantitative verification of the absolute and relative accuracy of VAS soundings appears highly desirable. The present investigation is concerned with an objective verification for two VAS case studies. Absolute accuray is measured by comparing the VAS retrievals to the radiosonde values at the network sites. Absolute temperature accuracy is found to be + or - 2 C below 500 mb, while absolute dewpoint accuracy is + or - 2 to + or - 3 C below 850 mb.

Published
1984

22. The rationale and suggested approaches for research geosynchronous satellite measurements for severe storm and mesoscale investigations

Author

Shenk, W. E, Adler, R. F, Chesters, D, Susskind, J, and Uccellini, L

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The measurements from current and planned geosynchronous satellites provide quantitative estimates of temperature and moisture profiles, surface temperature, wind, cloud properties, and precipitation. A number of significant observation characteristics remain, they include: (1) temperature and moisture profiles in cloudy areas; (2) high vertical profile resolution; (3) definitive precipitation area mapping and precipitation rate estimates on the convective cloud scale; (4) winds from low level cloud motions at night; (5) the determination of convective cloud structure; and (6) high resolution surface temperature determination. Four major new observing capabilities are proposed to overcome these deficiencies: a microwave sounder/imager, a high resolution visible and infrared imager, a high spectral resolution infrared sounder, and a total ozone mapper. It is suggested that the four sensors are flown together and used to support major mesoscale and short range forecasting field experiments.

Published
1984

23. Performance appraisal of VAS radiometry for GOES-4, -5 and -6

Author

Chesters, D and Robinson, W. D

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The first three VISSR Atmospheric Sounders (VAS) were launched on GOES-4, -5, and -6 in 1980, 1981 and 1983. Postlaunch radiometric performance is assessed for noise, biases, registration and reliability, with special attention to calibration and problems in the data processing chain. The postlaunch performance of the VAS radiometer meets its prelaunch design specifications, particularly those related to image formation and noise reduction. The best instrument is carried on GOES-5, currently operational as GOES-EAST. Single sample noise is lower than expected, especially for the small longwave and large shortwave detectors. Detector to detector offsets are correctable to within the resolution limits of the instrument. Truncation, zero point and droop errors are insignificant. Absolute calibration errors, estimated from HIRS and from radiation transfer calculations, indicate moderate, but stable biases. Relative calibration errors from scanline to scanline are noticeable, but meet sounding requirements for temporarily and spatially averaged sounding fields of view. The VAS instrument is a potentially useful radiometer for mesoscale sounding operations. Image quality is very good. Soundings derived from quality controlled data meet prelaunch requirements when calculated with noise and bias resistant algorithms.

Published
1983

24. The impact of conventional surface data upon VAS regression retrievals in the lower troposphere

Author

Lee, T.-H, Mostek, A, and Chesters, D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Surface temperature and dewpoint reports are added to the infrared radiances from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) in order to improve the retrieval of temperature and moisture profiles in the lower troposphere. The conventional (airways) surface data are combined with the twelve VAS channels as additional predictors in a ridge regression retrieval scheme, with the aim of using all available data to make high resolution space-time interpolations of the radiosonde network. For one day of VAS observations, retrievals using only VAS radiances are compared with retrievals using VAS radiances plus surface data. Temperature retrieval accuracy evaluated at coincident radiosonde sites shows a significant impact within the boundary layer. Dewpoint retrieval accuracy shows a broader improvement within the lowest tropospheric layers. The most dramatic impact of surface data is observed in the improved relative spatial and temporal continuity of low-level fields retrieved over the Midwestern United States. Previously announced in STAR as N83-27522

Published
1983
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25. The impact of conventional surface data upon VAS regression retrievals in the lower troposphere

Author

Lee, T. H, Chesters, D, and Mostek, A

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Surface temperature and dewpoint reports are added to the infrared radiances from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) in order to improve the retrieval of temperature and moisture profiles in the lower troposphere. The conventional (airways) surface data are combined with the twelve VAS channels as additional predictors in a ridge regression retrieval scheme, with the aim of using all available data to make high resolution space-time interpolations of the radiosonde network. For one day of VAS observations, retrievals using only VAS radiances are compared with retrievals using VAS radiances plus surface data. Temperature retrieval accuracy evaluated at coincident radiosonde sites shows a significant impact within the boundary layer. Dewpoint retrieval accuracy shows a broader improvement within the lowest tropospheric layers. The most dramatic impact of surface data is observed in the improved relative spatial and temporal continuity of low-level fields retrieved over the Midwestern United States.

Published
1983

26. Low-level water vapor fields from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 'split window' channels

Author

Chesters, D, Uccellini, L. W, and Robinson, W. D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

A simple physical algorithm is presented which calculates the water vapor content of the lower troposphere from the 11 and 12 micron (split window) channels on the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. The algorithm is used to analyze a time series of VAS split window radiances observed at 15 km horizontal resolution over eastern North America during a 12 hr period on 13 July 1981. Results of the color coded images of the derived precipitable water fields are found to show vivid water vapor features whose broad structure and evolution are verified by the radiosonde and surface networks. The satellite moisture fields also show significant mesoscale features and rapid developments which are not resolved by the conventional networks. The VAS split window is determined to clearly differentiate those areas in which water vapor extends over a deep layer and is more able to support convective cells from those areas in which water vapor is confined to a shallow layer and is therefore less able to support convection. It is concluded that the VAS split windows can be used operationally to monitor mesoscale developments in the low-level moisture fields over relatively cloud-free areas of the United States.

Published
1983

27. Diagnosing convective instability using VAS data

Author

Petersen, R. A, Uccellini, L. W, Chesters, D, Mostek, A, and Keyser, D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The utility of combining visible and various infrared images from the VAS to produce a forecasting tool, that can be available on a near real time basis, to predict severe weather development is shown. Areas where dry air in the midtroposphere overlays substantial moisture at low levels are used to diagnose mesoscale regions that have the potential for being convectively unstable before the onset of severe convection. Specifically, 6.7 micron water vapor imagery, used for isolating regions of substantial midlevel dryness, are combined with images of low level clouds or with split-window low level moisture images to delineate regions that have the potential for convective instability. In areas where scattered low level clouds are present, computer generated, color image combinations are used to isolate those warm, low level clouds that are in potential convectively unstable environments from clouds that exist under a deeply moist atmosphere. In clear regions, the split window technique is used for delineating areas of substantial boundary layer moisture. These images are again computer overlayed by the midlevel dryness to produce a color coded image of potential convective instability.

Published
1983

28. Low-level water vapor fields from the VAS split-window channels at 11 and 12 microns

Author

Chesters, D, Uccellini, L. W, and Robinson, W

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Originally, the VAS split window channels were designed to use the differential water vapor absorption between 11 and 12 microns to estimate sea surface temperature by correcting for the radiometric losses caused by atmospheric moisture. It is shown that it is possible to reverse the procedure in order to estimate the vertically integrated low level moisture content with the background surface (skin) temperature removed, even over the bright, complex background of the land. Because the lower troposphere's water vapor content is an important factor in convective instability, the derived fields are of considerable value to mesoscale meteorology. Moisture patterns are available as quantitative fields (centimeters of precipitable water) at full VAS resolution (as fine as 7 kilometers horizontal resolution every 15 minutes), and are readily converted to image format for false color movies. The technique, demonstrated with GOES-5, uses a sequence of split window radiances taken once every 3 hours from dawn to dusk over the Eastern and Central United States. The algorithm is calibrated with the morning radiosonde sites embedded within the first VAS radiance field; then, entire moisture fields are calculated at all five observation times. Cloud contamination is removed by rejecting any pixel having a radiance less than the atmospheric brightness determined at the radiosonde sites.

Published
1983

29. Use of the VAS for analysis of a prethunderstorm environment

Author

Uccellini, L. W, Petersen, R. A, Chesters, D, Mostek, A, and Lee, T. H

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The information content of the VAS radiances can be converted to meteorological parameters useful for analyzing a severe weather environment. The method by which the VAS variances are converted to vertical profiles of temperature, dewpoints, and equivalent potential temperature involves a basic regression technique using the most local radiosonde data available for establishing a correlation matrix. The results indicate that mesoscale features apparent within images of the radiances can be converted to usable temperature and moisture fields using regression when surface temperature and dewpoint observations are included within the total data base. In addition, results indicate that surface data are very important for better defining lower tropospheric structure that the VAS radiances alone cannot properly resolve. Analyses of these retrievals distinctly show mesoscale structure in the temperature and moisture fields derived with VAS radiances collected every 3 hours, and 0000 GMT. The retrievals capture the moisture structure. More important, convective instability is clearly detected immediately before the onset of convection. The results indicate that the VAS is capable of providing valuable mesoscale information suitable for analyzing a preconvective environment that is generally clear.

Published
1983

30. Low level water vapor fields from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 'split window' channels

Author

Robinson, W. D, Chesters, D, and Uccellini, L. W

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The use of the 11 and 12-micron IR-radiometer channels of the VISSR Atmosphere Sounder (VAS) on the GOES to detect water vapor in the lowest 300-400 mb of the troposphere is reported. An algorithm is developed to eliminate the background temperature, allowing the calculation of precipitable water (PW) over both land and water via a single-layer radiative model. This 'split-window' method is demonstrated in a case study, covering the US on July 13, 1981. PW values were calculated from five VAS images and compared with those from radiosonde data and surface measurements. It is shown that the VAS PW images have good resolution (15 km), reveal vivid, continuously evolving details, and differentiate deep, convection-supporting layers from shallow ones. PW ranged from 1.7 to 5.5 g/sq cm (+ or - 1.0 g/sq cm), in good agreement with other measurements. Since this method can detect mesoscale water-vapor fields in relatively clear air, it is considered of great potential value for numerical forecasting.

Published
1983

31. Low-level water vapor fields from the VISSR atmospheric sounder (VAS) split window channels at 11 and 12 microns

Author

Chesters, D, Uccellini, L, and Robinson, W

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

A series of high-resolution water vapor fields were derived from the 11 and 12 micron channels of the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) on GOES-5. The low-level tropospheric moisture content was separated from the surface and atmospheric radiances by using the differential adsorption across the 'split window' along with the average air temperature from imbedded radiosondes. Fields of precipitable water are presented in a time sequence of five false color images taken over the United States at 3-hour intervals. Vivid subsynoptic and mesoscale patterns evolve at 15 km horizontal resolution over the 12-hour observing period. Convective cloud formations develop from several areas of enhanced low-level water vapor, especially where the vertical water vapor gradient relatively strong. Independent verification at radiosonde sites indicates fairly good absolute accuracy, and the spatial and temporal continuity of the water vapor features indicates very good relative accuracy. Residual errors are dominated by radiometer noise and unresolved clouds.

Published
1982

33. The use of VAS satellite data in weather analysis, prediction and diagnosis

Author

Petersen, R. A, Ucellini, L. W, Chesters, D, Mostek, A, and Keyser, D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Imagery available with the Goes satellite visible-IR spin-scan radiometer (VISSR) atmospheric sounders (VAS) are examined in terms of mid- and low-tropospheric moisture sensing and mesoscale soundings. The VAS can be operated in a Dwell Sounding mode (DS) involving preprogrammed scanning of a specific area using any number of combinations of 12 channels between 4-15 microns. A second, multi-spectral imaging mode (MSI) comprises operation of two IR channels simultaneously when time constraints are in effect. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of VAS imagery for characterizing mesoscale moisture conditions when identifying severe storms. The moisture patterns of the upper and lower troposphere are made visible, and a 6.7 micron channel image can be overlaid on a low level moisture field to delineate fields of potential instability.

Published
1982

34. VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) simulation experiment for a severe storm environment

Author

Chesters, D, Uccellini, L. W, and Mostek, A

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Radiance fields were simulated for prethunderstorm environments in Oklahoma to demonstrate three points: (1) significant moisture gradients can be seen directly in images of the VISSIR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) channels; (2) temperature and moisture profiles can be retrieved from VAS radiances with sufficient accuracy to be useful for mesoscale analysis of a severe storm environment; and (3) the quality of VAS mesoscale soundings improves with conditioning by local weather statistics. The results represent the optimum retrievability of mesoscale information from VAS radiance without the use of ancillary data. The simulations suggest that VAS data will yield the best soundings when a human being classifies the scene, picks relatively clear areas for retrieval, and applies a "local" statistical data base to resolve the ambiguities of satellite observations in favor of the most probable atmospheric structure.

Published
1981

35. Assessment of the first radiances received from the VSSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) instrument

Author

Chesters, D, Uccellini, L. W, Montgomery, H, Mostek, A, and Robinson, W

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The first orderly, calibrated radiances from the VAS-D instrument on the GOES-4 satellite are examined for: image quality, radiometric precision, radiation transfer verification at clear air radiosonde sites, regression retrieval accuracy, and mesoscale analysis features. Postlaunch problems involving calibration and data processing irregularities of scientific or operational significance are included. The radiances provide good visual and relative radiometric data for empirically conditioned retrievals of mesoscale temperature and moisture fields in clear air.

Published
1981

36. Accuracies of three computationally efficient algorithms for computing atmospheric transmittances

Author

Mcmillin, L. M, Fleming, H. E, Arking, A, and Chesters, D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Three algorithms for calculating polychromatic atmospheric transmittance functions have been tested using a set of eleven distinct temperature profiles in order to compare transmittance accuracies achievable by the three methods. The comparison of rms errors demonstrates that the iterative method of McMillin and Fleming (1976) is the most accurate of the efficient algorithms currently available for gases with constant mixing ratios; its accuracy approaches that of the spectroscopic parameters and the computational approximations used in the ground-truth line-by-line calculations. The method of Arking et al. (1974), while less accurate, has the advantage of being perfectly general and easily adapted to cases where spectral bandwidths are varied

Published
1980

37. Approach to Sounding on the VAS Processor

Author

Chesters, D

Subjects
Computer Operations And Hardware
Abstract

The key features of the sounding software laboratory being installed on the VAS Processor at NASA/GSFC are outlined. Emphasis is on the support data and personal guidance that a meteorological researcher must provide to attune a physically modeled VAS sounding to his experiment. The fundamental aim of the sounding-support effort is to provide a system which makes use of: radiation transfer models based upon laboratory data, analytic inversion schemes, human guidance for quality control, statistically conditioned retrieval methods, and current ancillary data.

Published
1980

38. A spectral filter for ESMR's sidelobe errors

Author

Chesters, D

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

Fourier analysis was used to remove periodic errors from a series of NIMBUS-5 electronically scanned microwave radiometer brightness temperatures. The observations were all taken from the midnight orbits over fixed sites in the Australian grasslands. The angular dependence of the data indicates calibration errors consisted of broad sidelobes and some miscalibration as a function of beam position. Even though an angular recalibration curve cannot be derived from the available data, the systematic errors can be removed with a spectral filter. The 7 day cycle in the drift of the orbit of NIMBUS-5, coupled to the look-angle biases, produces an error pattern with peaks in its power spectrum at the weekly harmonics. About plus or minus 4 K of error is removed by simply blocking the variations near two- and three-cycles-per-week.

Published
1979

39. Fast but accurate techniques for calculating radiative terms in numerical atmospheric models and in remote sensing applications

Author

Arking, A, Chesters, D, and Chow, M. D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Methods were developed for calculating radiative terms with relatively high accuracy but with sufficient speed, so that they can be used in numerical atmospheric models or in high volume processing of satellite measured radiances for remote sensing of atmospheric and surface parameters. Comparison with commonly used methods in both types of applications indicate improvements in calculating transmittances of factors between two and three, and in calculating radiances and cooling rates of factors between two and seven.

Published
1977

44. Plant diversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via multitrophic diversity.

Author

Li Y, Schuldt A, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Huang Y, Albert G, Albracht C, Amyntas A, Bonkowski M, Bruelheide H, Bröcher M, Chesters D, Chen J, Chen Y, Chen JT, Ciobanu M, Deng X, Fornoff F, Gleixner G, Guo L, Guo PF, Heintz-Buschart A, Klein AM, Lange M, Li S, Li Q, Li Y, Luo A, Meyer ST, von Oheimb G, Rutten G, Scholten T, Solbach MD, Staab M, Wang MQ, Zhang N, Zhu CD, Schmid B, Ma K, and Liu X

Subjects
Plants, Food Chain, Animals, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Forests, Grassland
Abstract

Ecosystem functioning depends on biodiversity at multiple trophic levels, yet relationships between multitrophic diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality have been poorly explored, with studies often focusing on individual trophic levels and functions and on specific ecosystem types. Here, we show that plant diversity can affect ecosystem functioning both directly and by affecting other trophic levels. Using data on 13 trophic groups and 13 ecosystem functions from two large biodiversity experiments-one representing temperate grasslands and the other subtropical forests-we found that plant diversity increases multifunctionality through elevated multitrophic diversity. Across both experiments, the association between multitrophic diversity and multifunctionality was stronger than the relationship between the diversity of individual trophic groups and multifunctionality. Our results also suggest that the role of multitrophic diversity is greater in forests than in grasslands. These findings imply that, to promote sustained ecosystem multifunctionality, conservation planning must consider the diversity of both plants and higher trophic levels., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2024
Full Text
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47. Phylogeny-based assignment of functional traits to DNA barcodes outperforms distance-based, in a comparison of approaches.

Author

Xie T, Orr MC, Zhang D, Ferrari RR, Li Y, Liu X, Niu Z, Wang M, Zhou Q, Hao J, Zhu C, and Chesters D

Subjects
Bees genetics, Animals, Phylogeny, China, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic methods, DNA genetics
Abstract

The full potential for using DNA barcodes for profiling functional trait diversity has yet to be determined in plants and animals; thus, we outline a general framework for quantifying functional trait diversity of insect community DNA and propose and assess the accuracy of three methods for achieving this. We built a novel dataset of traits and DNA barcodes for wild bees in China. An informatics framework was developed for phylogeny-based integration of these data and prediction of traits for any subject barcodes, which was compared with two distance-based methods. For Phylogenetic Assignment, we additionally conducted a species-level analysis of publically available bee trait data. Under the specimen-level dataset, the rate of trait assignment was negatively correlated with distance between the query and the nearest trait-known reference, for all methods. Phylogenetic Assignment was found to perform best under several criteria; particularly, it had the lowest false-positive rate (rarely returning a state prediction where success was unlikely; where the distance from query to the nearest reference was high). For a wider range of compiled traits, conservative life-history traits showed the highest rates of assignment; for example, sociality was predicted with confidence at 53%, parasitism at 44% and nest location at 33%. As outlined herein, automated trait assignment might be applied at scale to either barcodes or metabarcodes. With further compilation and databasing of DNA barcode and trait data, the rate and accuracy of trait assignment is expected to increase to the point of being a widely viable and informative approach., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
Full Text
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48. Launching insectphylo.org; a new hub facilitating construction and use of synthesis molecular phylogenies of insects.

Author

Chesters D, Ferrari RR, Lin X, Orr MC, Staab M, and Zhu CD

Subjects
Animals, Phylogeny, DNA, Biodiversity, Insecta genetics, Diptera genetics
Abstract

The Holy Grail of an Insect Tree of Life can only be 'discovered' through extensive collaboration among taxon specialists, phylogeneticists and centralized frameworks such as Open Tree of Life, but insufficient effort from stakeholders has so far hampered this promising approach. The resultant unavailability of synthesis phylogenies is an unfortunate situation given the numerous practical usages of phylogenies in the near term and against the backdrop of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. To resolve this issue, we establish a new online hub that centralizes the collation of relevant phylogenetic data and provides the resultant synthesis molecular phylogenies. This is achieved through key developments in a proposed pipeline for the construction of a species-level insect phylogeny. The functionality of the framework is demonstrated through the construction of a highly supported, species-comprehensive phylogeny of Diptera, built from integrated omics data, COI DNA barcodes, and a compiled database of over 100 standardized, published Diptera phylogenies. Machine-readable forms of the phylogeny (and subsets thereof) are publicly available at insectphylo.org, a new public repository for species-comprehensive phylogenies for biological research., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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49. Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover.

Author

Wang MQ, Wen Z, Ke J, Chesters D, Li Y, Chen JT, Luo A, Shi X, Zhou QS, Liu XJ, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, and Zhu CD

Subjects
Biodiversity, Forests, Plants, Trees, Herbivory
Abstract

There are many factors known to drive species turnover, although the mechanisms by which these operate are less clear. Based on comprehensive datasets from the largest tree diversity experiment worldwide (BEF-China), we used shared herbivore species (zeta diversity) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling to investigate the patterns and determinants of species turnover of Lepidoptera herbivores among study plots across a gradient in tree species richness. We found that zeta diversity declined sharply with an increasing number of study plots, with complete changes in caterpillar species composition observed even at the fine spatial scale of our study. Plant community characteristics rather than abiotic factors were found to play key roles in driving caterpillar compositional turnover, although these effects varied with an increasing number of study plots considered, due to the varying contributions of rare and common species to compositional turnover. Our study reveals details of the impact of phylogeny- and trait-mediated processes of trees on herbivore compositional turnover, which has implications for forest management and conservation and shows potential avenues for maintenance of heterogeneity in herbivore communities., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
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50. Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity.

Author

Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, and Liu X

Subjects
Animals, Trees, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Forests, Plants, Arthropods
Abstract

Forests sustain 80% of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity correlates with both primary productivity and higher trophic diversity. However, whether higher trophic diversity can mediate the effects of plant diversity on productivity remains unclear. Here, using 5 years of data on aboveground herbivorous, predatory and parasitoid arthropods along with tree growth data within a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment in southeast China, we provide evidence of multidirectional enhancement among the diversity of trees and higher trophic groups and tree productivity. We show that the effects of experimentally increased tree species richness were consistently positive for species richness and abundance of herbivores, predators and parasitoids. Richness effects decreased as trophic levels increased for species richness and abundance of all trophic groups. Multitrophic species richness and abundance of arthropods were important mediators of plant diversity effects on tree productivity, suggesting that optimizing forest management for increased carbon capture can be more effective when the diversity of higher trophic groups is promoted in concert with that of trees., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
Full Text
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