Search

Objective: We examined whether the chest-to-head circumference ratio at birth was associated with breech presentation and transverse lie. We also described the obstetric management of such pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of data collected between January 2011 and March 2014 in a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, the JECS. We analyzed 83,822 non-anomalous singletons born at 34–41 weeks' gestation to mothers with no history of previous cesareans or uterine surgery. We defined low, normal (reference group), and high chest-to-head circumference ratios as <10th percentile, 10th to 90th percentiles, and >90th percentile, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breech presentation and transverse lie. The timing and mode of delivery of such pregnancies were examined. Results: Breech presentation was recorded in 2.6% and transverse lie in 0.2%. A low chest-to-head circumference ratio was associated with increased rate of breech presentation (5.2%; adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI: 2.10–2.65) and transverse lie (0.3%; adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.50–3.60), whereas a high ratio was linked to reduced breech presentation (1.1%; adjusted OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.66). Subgroup analysis of children delivered by cesarean (n = 7971) showed a similar association, albeit with slightly reduced strength for breech presentation. Eighty-three percent of breech births and 46.3% of transverse lie births occurred at 37–38 weeks' gestation. Cesarean section was performed in 96.8% of breech presentations and 63.4% of transverse-lie ones. Conclusions: These findings imply that the fetal chest-to-head circumference ratio may influence presentation at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim is to explore the role of anthropometric traits and sociodemographic characteristics on human survival. Methods: Anthropometrics and sociodemographic data of 1944 conscripts born in the first decade of the 20th century in rural municipalities of Calabria (Southern Italy) who underwent medical examinations for military service were collected. Medical examinations were linked to individual survival data. Results: Height and type of occupation influenced life expectancy. For taller men, the risk of mortality increases by about 20% when compared with men with middle height, while farmers exhibited a significant survival advantage compared to those with other working experiences. Discussion: Height and type of occupation were associated with human mortality. These results are likely to be related to the effect of healthy dietary patterns and physical activity on life expectancy. Further studies are needed to understand to what extent these results obtained in a rural context can be generalized to other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-Birth weight is the single most important indicator of survival, growth and overall development of the child. New-borns with less than 2.5 kg birth weight are termed as low birth weight (LBW). Approximately 28% babies in India are LBW. LBW is associated with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of LBW and apt intervention can lead to favourable outcome. 70-80% of births take place either at home or at peripheral hospitals. Measuring birth weight is difficult in India due to resource limited set up. There is a need of alternative methods to detect LBW which should be simple, handy, quick and cost effective. Hence, we decided to do study of correlation of calf muscle circumference and chest circumference with birth weight to determine LBW in new-borns. Aims-To study calf circumference and chest circumference in diagnosing low birth weight babies. Objective1)To correlate above-said anthropometric parameters with birth weight 2) To decide indicator with better correlation with birth weight amongst calf circumference and chest circumference Material & Method: Its a cross sectional study conducted in tertiary care centre in North Maharashtra. 162 New-borns (34- 42 weeks gestation) were included in Study. Birth weight, calf circumference and chest circumference were measured with appropriate scientific method. Results are analyzed with SPSS software & Microsoft excel. Results-Cut-off value to detect LBW is 9.2 cm and 26cm for calf circumference and chest circumference respectively. Calf circumference had better correlation (r=0.85) as compared to chest circumference (r=0.58). Chest circumference has 92.2% sensitivity & 68.1% specificity as compare to Chest circumference which has 80.9% sensitivity & 59.6%.specificity respectively. Conclusion: Chest circumference and calf circumference can be used to determine LBW, though larger study with more number of patients is needed to establish precise correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the growth of Criollo foals from birth to 800 days of age using Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy nonlinear models. The data utilized consisted of weight, height, chest circumference, and shin circumference taken from 75 foals kept in southern Brazil. Morphometric traits analyzed showed mean values ranging from 63 to 325 kg for weight, 0.92 to 1.32 m for height, 0.88 to 1.58 m for chest circumference, and 0.12 to 0.18 m for shin circumference. For the evaluated traits, all applied nonlinear models achieved convergence. The results indicated that the Brody model provided the best adjustments for weight, height, and chest circumference. Gompertz model was found to be the most suitable for describing the growth curve of shin circumference. The animals exhibited an increase in weight during the evaluated period. Height showed the most rapid increase until approximately 365 days of age, followed by a decrease, and a more homogeneous growth pattern thereafter. Chest circumference exhibited more uniform growth in animals from 365 days of age onwards, with slower growth and greater variability observed from 400 days of age. Shin circumference showed greater growth in the first months of age, remaining stable thereafter. We observed that 94 and 5% of the animals in the studied population did not meet the minimum values for height and chest circumference, respectively, according to the breed standards from 24 months of age. Our results can assist in selection and future studies with the Criollo breed.

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and functional indices, swimming distance and gender in adolescent competitive swimmers. Forty-eight adolescent swimmers (boys, n = 22, 15.7 ± 1.0 years and girls, n = 26, 15.1 ± 0.8 years) were included in our study. They were assessed for handgrip strength, respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function, answered a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), and recorded their anthropometric and morphological characteristics and training load for the last four weeks. The results showed differences between swimming distance and chest circumference difference, between maximal inhalation and exhalation (Δchest) (p = 0.033), PSQI score (p < 0.001), and sleep quality domains for "cannot breathe comfortably" (p = 0.037) and "have pain" (p = 0.003). Binary logistic regression (chi-square = 37.457, p = 0.001) showed that the variables Δchest (p = 0.038, 95% CI: 1.05–6.07) and PSQI score (p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.1–1.07) remained independent predictors of the swim distance groups. Girls had a lower percentage of predicted values for the maximal inspiratory pressure (p < 0.001), maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume within the first second (p = 0.026), forced vital capacity (p = 0.008) and sleep quality domains for "cough or snore loudly" (p = 0.032) compared to boys. A regression analysis showed that the sleep quality score was explained by the six independent variables: respiratory muscle strength (t = 2.177, β = 0.164, p = 0.035), Δchest (t = −2.353, β = −0.17, p = 0.023), distance (t = −5.962, β = −0.475, p < 0.001), total body water (t = −7.466, β = −0.687, p < 0.001), lean body mass (t = −3.120, β = −0.434, p = 0.003), and handgrip (t = 7.752, β = 1.136, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that sleep quality in adolescent swimmers is a multifactorial result of morphometric characteristics, strength and respiratory function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The head circumference to chest circumference (HC/CC) ratio has been used to identify low birth weight infants in developed countries. This study was conducted to examine whether the ratio could distinguish asymmetrical foetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted with 1955 infants (50.5% male) born at term between 2016 and 2020 at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital, Japan. Results: We found that 120 (6.1%) had FGR. Their mean birth weight was 3052.1 ± 367.3 g, and their mean gestational age was 39.1 ± 1.1 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed that the association between the HC/CC ratio and FGR had a regression coefficient of −20.6 (p < 0.000). The linear regression analysis showed that the association between the HC/CC ratio and the birth weight z‐score had a regression coefficient of −8.59 (p < 0.000). The coefficient of correlation was −0.33 (p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting FGR showed that the area under the curve was 0.75 and the cut‐off value was 0.93, with sensitivity of 75.8% and specificity of 60.8%. Conclusion: Our study established the associations between HC/CC ratio and FGR and birth weight z‐scores and confirmed that the ratio provided an easy way to detect FGR in term‐born infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in adolescent and adult population. However, the epidemiologic data of MAFLD in prepubertal children remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and incidence of MAFLD and assess the role of anthropometric parameters in identifying and predicting MAFLD in this population. Methods: Children from the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study who underwent an 8-year follow-up with anthropometric measurements and transient elastography FibroScan-502 examination (M probe, Echosens, Paris, France) were enrolled. Some of them also completed a 5-year follow-up. Diagnosis of fatty liver disease (FLD) was based on the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value exceeding 248 dB/m, and MAFLD was defined as FLD combined with obesity or central obesity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anthropometric parameters for MAFLD. Results: A total of 848 children (431 boys) from the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study were followed up for 8 years, and among them, 385 children (189 boys) also participated in the 5-year follow-up. The prevalence of FLD and MAFLD at 5 years old was 3.90% and 0.52%, respectively, while at 8 years old, the prevalence rates increased to 5.07% for FLD and 3.42% for MAFLD. The 8-year-old children with MAFLD exhibited significantly higher weight, body mass index (BMI), chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and liver stiffness measurement compared to those without MAFLD (all p < 0.05). The incidence rates of FLD and MAFLD at 8 years old, considering the 5-year follow-up data, were 3.78% (14/370) and 3.13% (12/383), respectively. Obese or centrally obese children at 5 years old had a higher incidence of FLD and MAFLD at the 8-year follow-up. Waist circumference and BMI showed significant associations with the presence and incidence of MAFLD, respectively, with the largest AUC values in ROC curve analysis. In addition, chest circumference was significantly associated with MAFLD in obese children. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the incidence and prevalence of MAFLD in prepubertal children. It underscores the importance of anthropometric parameters in identifying and predicting MAFLD in this population. Further research encompassing a broader age range and incorporating these indicators and additional metabolic markers is necessary to enhance the understanding and management of MAFLD in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination from electronic waste recycling sites is present in dust found in indoor kindergartens located in e-waste recycling areas, and its potential impact on child health is a significant concern. The association between heavy metal(loid)s and the child developmental indicators is still unclear. In 2019 and 2020, we enrolled 325 and 319 children in an e-waste recycling town, respectively. Corresponding 61 and 121 dust samples were collected from roads, houses, and kindergartens in the two years. The median concentrations of metals, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the allowable limits. The highest amount of cumulative enrichment (cEF) was observed in indoor kindergarten dust (cEF = 112.3400), followed by house dust (cEF = 76.6950) and road dust (cEF = 39.7700). Children residing in the e-waste town had below-average height and weight compared to their Chinese peers. Based on linear regression analysis, the daily intake of Cd, V, Mn, and Pb in indoor kindergarten dust was found to be negatively associated with head circumference (HeC) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the daily intake of As, Cd, and Ba in indoor kindergarten dust was found to be negatively associated with chest circumference (ChC) (P < 0.05). In addition, the daily intake of As, Cd, and Ba in indoor kindergarten dust was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), as per the results of the study (P < 0.05). Cross-product term analysis revealed a negative correlation between daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s and HeC, ChC, and BMI, with age and sex serving as influencing factors. In conclusion, exposure to heavy metal(loid)s in indoor kindergarten dust increases the risk of growth retardation and developmental delay in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate assessment of gestational age is not possible in sick newborns and those requiring intensive care. Knowing the gestational age is important for early identification of preterm and referral to higher centre for further care. Foot length can be easily measured, has better correlation with birth weight and it has been observed to be a good predictor of gestational age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 939 newborns, to determine correlation of foot length with gestational age and other anthropometric parameters such as birth weight, chest circumference and length Results: The mean birthweight of the neonates was found to be 2.88 kg (SD +0.51). The mean head circumference was found to be 33.34 cm (SD +1.92). The mean chest circumference was found to be 35.01 cm (SD +1.93). The mean foot length was found to be 7.07 cm (SD +0.80). The mean gestational age of the neonates included in the study was 38.27 weeks (SD +1.74). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between gestational age of neonates with anthropometric parameters like weight, head circumference, chest circumference and foot length. Conclusions: Foot length is a low-cost, simple and feasible measurement, with potential to identify gestational age of infants. The foot length (independent variable) is strongly related with the period of gestation. As this method is simple, economical and accurate it can be used by primary health worker even in a rural setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and functional indices, swimming distance and gender in adolescent competitive swimmers. Forty-eight adolescent swimmers (boys, n = 22, 15.7 ± 1.0 years and girls, n = 26, 15.1 ± 0.8 years) were included in our study. They were assessed for handgrip strength, respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function, answered a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), and recorded their anthropometric and morphological characteristics and training load for the last four weeks. The results showed differences between swimming distance and chest circumference difference, between maximal inhalation and exhalation (Δchest) (p = 0.033), PSQI score (p < 0.001), and sleep quality domains for “cannot breathe comfortably” (p = 0.037) and “have pain” (p = 0.003). Binary logistic regression (chi-square = 37.457, p = 0.001) showed that the variables Δchest (p = 0.038, 95% CI: 1.05–6.07) and PSQI score (p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.1–1.07) remained independent predictors of the swim distance groups. Girls had a lower percentage of predicted values for the maximal inspiratory pressure (p < 0.001), maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume within the first second (p = 0.026), forced vital capacity (p = 0.008) and sleep quality domains for “cough or snore loudly” (p = 0.032) compared to boys. A regression analysis showed that the sleep quality score was explained by the six independent variables: respiratory muscle strength (t = 2.177, β = 0.164, p = 0.035), Δchest (t = −2.353, β = −0.17, p = 0.023), distance (t = −5.962, β = −0.475, p < 0.001), total body water (t = −7.466, β = −0.687, p < 0.001), lean body mass (t = −3.120, β = −0.434, p = 0.003), and handgrip (t = 7.752, β = 1.136, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that sleep quality in adolescent swimmers is a multifactorial result of morphometric characteristics, strength and respiratory function.

Morphometric characterization is the basis of conservation strategies, performance improvement, breeding, and sustainable utilization plan. The purpose of this research was to determine the morphometrics of the Kacang Goats at the fishpond area in Sidoarjo Regency based on different ages and sex. The fishpond area in Sidoarjo is a closed area where goats are raised and have the potential for inbreeding with the consequence of smaller-sized offspring than normal. Morphometric measurements included the head, ears, neck, body, legs, tail, and horns. This research used a descriptive analysis approach, presenting data in form of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result showed that the average face length of male vs. female Kacang goats was 16.73 ± 2.40 cm vs. 19.68 ± 2.44 cm; with a face width of 11.25 ± 2.91 cm vs. 19.52 ± 3.18 cm; ear length of 14.62 ± 1.38 cm vs. 16.46 ± 1.47 cm; neck length of 15.53 ± 2.65 cm vs. 15.35 ± 2.14 cm; horn length of 7.41 ± 4.10 cm vs. 6.59 ± 2.89 cm; chest circumference of 59.33 ± 8.18 cm vs. 67.80 ± 6.32 cm; body length of 51.45 ± 6.70 cm vs. 56.91 ± 6.54 cm; body height of 54.41 ± 7.22 cm vs. 62.01 ± 5.53 cm; tail length of 13.21 ± 2.01 cm vs. 14.77 ± 3.37 cm; hind leg length of 39.20 ± 5.26 cm vs. 47.74 ± 5.47 cm; and front leg length of 37.00 ± 8.84 cm vs. 44.63 ± 8.65 cm. This research concludes that Kacang Goats in Sidoarjo has characteristics according to SNI standard, and the morphometric size was larger in female than male goats.

Animal genotyping by means of genome-wide association studies is important for connecting phenotypes of interest with their underlying genetics in livestock. However, the use of whole genome sequencing to investigate chest circumference (CC) in donkeys has rarely been reported. We aimed to use the genome-wide association study approach to detect significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and key genes associated with chest circumference traits in Xinjiang donkeys. We assessed 112 Xinjiang donkeys in this study. The chest circumference of each was measured 2 h before milking. We re-sequenced blood samples from the Xinjiang donkeys, and genome-wide association study analyses were performed using a mixed model with the PLINK, GEMMA, and REGENIE programs. We tested 38 donkeys for candidate SNPs for genome-wide association study using three software programs. Additionally, 18 SNP markers reached genome-wide significance (p < 1.61 × 10−9). On the basis of these, 41 genes were identified. Previously proposed candidate genes for CC traits were supported by this study, including NFATC2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 2), PROP1 (PROP Paired-Like Homeobox 1), UBB (Ubiquitin B), and HAND2 (Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2). These promising candidates provide a valuable resource for validating potential meat production genes and will facilitate the development of high-yielding Xinjiang donkey breeds through marker-assisted selection or gene editing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of chest circumference measurements as a proxy for the socioeconomic characteristics of past populations. Our analysis is based on over 80,000 military medical examinations relating to Friuli (north-eastern Italy), recorded from 1881 to 1909. Chest circumference can be used to describe changes in standard of living, but also seasonal variations in food intakes and physical activities. The findings show the way in which these measurements are highly sensitive not only to long-term economic changes but, above all, to short-term variations in some economic and social elements, like corn prices and occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This study investigates the development of the thoracic cross-section at the nipple line level during the early stages of life. Unlike the descriptive awareness regarding chest development course, there exist no quantitative references concerning shape, circumference and possible dependencies to age, gender or body weight. The proposed mathematical relations are expected to help create guidelines for more realistic modelling and potential detection of abnormalities. One potential application is lung electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring where accurate chest models are crucial in both extracting reliable parameters for regional ventilation function and design of EIT belts. Despite their importance, such reference data is not readily available for the younger age range due to insufficient data amid the regulations of neonatal imaging. Results Chest circumference shows the highest correlation to body weight following the relation $$f\left(x\right)= 18.3735 \ \mathrm{ln}\left(0.0012x+2.1010\right)$$ f x = 18.3735 ln 0.0012 x + 2.1010 where x is the body weight in grams and f(x) is the chest circumference in cm at the nipple line level. No statistically significant difference in chest circumference between genders was detected. However, the shape indicated signs of both age and gender dependencies with on average boys developing a more rectangular shape than girls from the age of 1 years and 9 months.

Background: Babies birth anthropometric measurements are useful for retrospective assessment of foetal in utero health status, anticipatory care and growth monitoring. At community level, measurements other than birth weight (BW) may help predict low BW (LBW). Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the mean anthropometric measurements of term babies, its comparability with standard values, acceptable cutoff and surrogate for LBW. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 257 term babies delivered by booked mothers at the Sacred Heart Hospital Abeokuta and selected by systematic random sampling. BW, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), chest circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and crown-heel length (CHL) were measured, and data were analysed using SPSS version 21 with significant P < 0.05 and confident interval of 95%. Results: Mean BW, CC, OFC, CHL and MUAC were 3.25 ± 0.47 kg, 33.32 ± 1.98 cm, 34.7 ± 1.93 cm, 48.16 ± 2.87 cm and 11.57 ± 1.41 cm, respectively, with no significant mean difference between male and female babies. The mean OFC was higher than the national standard, World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study (WHO-MGRS) and INTERGROWTH-21. The mean cutoff for LBW was OFC – 31.89 cm, CC – 29.56 cm, CHL– 43.33 cm and MUAC – 9.35 cm (P = 0.000) with OFC being the best surrogate of LBW at Sensitivity, Specificity and Degree of Accuracy/area under the curve of 66.7%, 97.6% and 82.1% respectively. Conclusions: LBW babies had lower mean anthropometric cutoff values at variance from the WHO-MGRS and INTERGROWTH-21. Mean OFC was higher than both standards reflecting the need for cautious interpretation to prevent misdiagnosis of macrocephaly. We recommend OFC as an alternative for predicting LBW when access to weighing scale is a challenge.

Introduction: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is one of the important factors for neonatal mortality. Early identification and necessary intervention of these newborns is crucial to increase their chances of survival and reduce long-term disabilities. However, in low- and middle-income countries a large portion of pregnant women are unaware of their accurate gestational age (GA) due to the limited availability of ultrasonography. The purpose of our study was to build an alternative tool to identify SGA. Methods: A institutional-based, prospective observational study was conducted from August-2018 to February-2020, with 1451 live singleton-newborns of 30-40 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate accurate GA in early pregnancy and a reference chart for the Asian population, constructed by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies was used to classify newborns as SGA. Neonatal anthropometry was measured within 48 hours of birth. Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to identify the best cut-off point for each anthropometric parameter and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated to assess the overall precision. Results: Prevalence of SGA was 34.3%. The AUC was 0.888 for head circumference (HC), 0.890 for chest circumference (CC), and 0.865 for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The optimal cut-offs to classify SGA were ≤32.45 cm for HC, ≤29.75 cm for CC and ≤8.55 cm for MUAC with sensitivities of 85.9%, 86.9% and 85.4%, specificities of 75.5%, 85.1% and 72.1%, positive predictive values of 0.64, 0.75 and 0.61 and negative predictive values of 0.91, 0.93 and 0.90 respectively. Conclusion: All three anthropometric measurements could be used to identify SGA but, overall CC is the best.

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sujiang pigs are a synthetic breed derived from Jiangquhai, Fengjing, and Duroc pigs. In this study, we sequenced the genome of 62 pigs with a coverage depth of 10× to 20×, including 27 Sujiang and 35 founder breed pigs, and we collected 360 global pigs’ genome sequence data from public databases including 39 Duroc pigs. We obtained a high-quality variant dataset of 365 Sujiang pigs by imputing the porcine 80 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Beadchip to the whole-genome scale with a total of 422 pigs as a reference panel. A dataset of 365 imputated Sujiang pigs was used to perform single-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analyses for growth and fatness traits. Single-trait GWAS identified 1 907, 18, and 14 SNPs surpassing the suggestively significant threshold for backfat thickness, chest circumference, and chest width, respectively. Meta-analyses identified 2 400 genome-wide significant SNPs and 520 suggestively significant SNPs for backfat thickness and chest circumference, and 719 genome-wide significant SNPs and 1 225 suggestively significant SNPs for all seven traits. According to the meta-analysis of backfat thickness and chest circumference, a remarkable region of 2.69 Mb on Sus scrofa chromosome 4 containing FAM110B, IMPAD1, LYN, MOS, PENK, PLAG1, SDR16C5 and XKR4 was identified as a candidate region. The haplotype heat map of the 2.69 Mb region verified that Sujiang pigs were derived from Duroc and Chinese indigenous pigs, especially Jiangquhai pigs. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that haplotypes of the 2.69 Mb region significantly affected backfat thickness and chest circumference traits. We then focused on PLAG1, an important growth-related gene, and identified two synonymous SNPs with obvious differences among different breeds in the PLAG1 gene. We then performed genotyping of 365 Sujiang, 150 Duroc, 95 Jiangquhai, and 100 Fengjing pigs to confirm the above result and verified that the two variants significantly affected phenotypes of growth and fatness traits. Our findings not only provide insights into the genetic architecture of porcine growth and fatness traits but also provide potential markers for selective breeding of these traits in Sujiang pigs.

Objective: This study investigates the development of the thoracic cross-section at the nipple line level during the early stages of life. Unlike the descriptive awareness regarding chest development course, there exist no quantitative references concerning shape, circumference and possible dependencies to age, gender or body weight. The proposed mathematical relations are expected to help create guidelines for more realistic modelling and potential detection of abnormalities. One potential application is lung electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring where accurate chest models are crucial in both extracting reliable parameters for regional ventilation function and design of EIT belts. Despite their importance, such reference data is not readily available for the younger age range due to insufficient data amid the regulations of neonatal imaging. Results: Chest circumference shows the highest correlation to body weight following the relation f x = 18.3735 ln 0.0012 x + 2.1010 where x is the body weight in grams and f(x) is the chest circumference in cm at the nipple line level. No statistically significant difference in chest circumference between genders was detected. However, the shape indicated signs of both age and gender dependencies with on average boys developing a more rectangular shape than girls from the age of 1 years and 9 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes aspects regarding the morphology of stray dogs in the areas bordering the municipality of Suceava and nearby towns. The study is located on the hunting funds, which are administered by the "Ștefan cel Mare" University in Suceava. Between October 2017 and April 2022, the behavior and type of food consumed by stray dogs captured or found dead on the outskirts of cities in the analyzed area were analyzed. The capture of stray dogs is part of the duties of the specialized technical staff in charge of the protection of game and the protection of hunting funds according to the Law on hunting and the protection of hunting funds no. 407/2006. The research was based on the opportunity to conduct an objective study on the degree of feralization of stray dogs and their influence on wild animals. In this sense, the distribution and density of dogs in the open field was established and their movement routes were followed. Areas where packs of completely wild dogs are camped have also been identified. Along with the patrols and guarding to protect the game, permanent observations were made on the individual and social behavior of the dogs. Thus, 183 stray dogs were captured or found dead and the main morphological parameters such as trunk length, chest circumference and weight were analyzed. At the same time, the morphological sizes of a number of 115 stray dogs from the paddock managed by Suceava City Hall were recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is one of the important factors for neonatal mortality. Early identification and necessary intervention of these newborns is crucial to increase their chances of survival and reduce long-term disabilities. However, in low- and middle-income countries a large portion of pregnant women are unaware of their accurate gestational age (GA) due to the limited availability of ultrasonography. The purpose of our study was to build an alternative tool to identify SGA. Methods: A institutional-based, prospective observational study was conducted from August-2018 to February-2020, with 1451 live singleton-newborns of 30-40 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate accurate GA in early pregnancy and a reference chart for the Asian population, constructed by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies was used to classify newborns as SGA. Neonatal anthropometry was measured within 48 hours of birth. Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to identify the best cut-off point for each anthropometric parameter and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated to assess the overall precision. Results: Prevalence of SGA was 34.3%. The AUC was 0.888 for head circumference (HC), 0.890 for chest circumference (CC), and 0.865 for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The optimal cut-offs to classify SGA were ≤32.45 cm for HC, ≤29.75 cm for CC and ≤8.55 cm for MUAC with sensitivities of 85.9%, 86.9% and 85.4%, specificities of 75.5%, 85.1% and 72.1%, positive predictive values of 0.64, 0.75 and 0.61 and negative predictive values of 0.91, 0.93 and 0.90 respectively. Conclusion: All three anthropometric measurements could be used to identify SGA but, overall CC is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Babies birth anthropometric measurements are useful for retrospective assessment of foetal in utero health status, anticipatory care and growth monitoring. At community level, measurements other than birth weight (BW) may help predict low BW (LBW). Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the mean anthropometric measurements of term babies, its comparability with standard values, acceptable cutoff and surrogate for LBW. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 257 term babies delivered by booked mothers at the Sacred Heart Hospital Abeokuta and selected by systematic random sampling. BW, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), chest circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and crown-heel length (CHL) were measured, and data were analysed using SPSS version 21 with significant P < 0.05 and confident interval of 95%. Results: Mean BW, CC, OFC, CHL and MUAC were 3.25 ± 0.47 kg, 33.32 ± 1.98 cm, 34.7 ± 1.93 cm, 48.16 ± 2.87 cm and 11.57 ± 1.41 cm, respectively, with no significant mean difference between male and female babies. The mean OFC was higher than the national standard, World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study (WHO-MGRS) and INTERGROWTH-21. The mean cutoff for LBW was OFC - 31.89 cm, CC - 29.56 cm, CHL- 43.33 cm and MUAC - 9.35 cm (P = 0.000) with OFC being the best surrogate of LBW at Sensitivity, Specificity and Degree of Accuracy/area under the curve of 66.7%, 97.6% and 82.1% respectively. Conclusions: LBW babies had lower mean anthropometric cutoff values at variance from the WHO-MGRS and INTERGROWTH-21. Mean OFC was higher than both standards reflecting the need for cautious interpretation to prevent misdiagnosis of macrocephaly. We recommend OFC as an alternative for predicting LBW when access to weighing scale is a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate lamb birth weight based on body dimensions. We monitored 101 lambs (61 Charollais lambs, 27 Kent lambs, and 13 their crossbreds) at a selected commercial flock. Birth weight, chest circumference (CC), head circumference (HC), and shin circumference (SC) were measured immediately after birth using a tape measure. Correlation analysis indicated the promising use of CC (r = 0.795; p

The body weight (BW, in kg) of sheep can be estimated by measuring the body length (BL, in cm) and chest circumference (CC, in cm). The study aimed to conduct anovel formula to predict BW of Garut ewesbased onits BL and Chest Circumference CC. The accuracy of the novel formula is then comparedto the commonly used Schrool and Winter Arjodarmoko formulas. The materials of the study weretaken from the1 to 7 certified data of adult Garut ewes with a total of 118 heads from three different regions: Bandung (73 ewes), Sumedang (22 ewes) and Garut (23 ewes). The observed variables were Body Weight (BW), Body Length(BL), and Chest Circumference (CC). The data showed that the average adultGarut ewesBW was at 44.05 ± 10.65 kg, BL at 62.35 ± 5.34 kg, and CCat 83.89 ± 6.25 kg. The novel formularegressionanalaysis for BW estimationwas (-91.1+ 0.575 (BL) + 1.18 (CC) with R2 = 81.0%. Moreover, BL and CC showed highly significant correlation (P

Abstract Background Weight is critical for the medical management of infants; however, scales can be unavailable or inaccessible in some practice settings. We recently developed and validated a robust infant weight estimation method based on chest circumference (CC) and head circumference (HC). This study was designed to determine the human factors (HF) experience with, and predictive performance of, an infant weight estimation device that implements this method. Methods Prospective, multi-center, observational, masked study of 486 preterm and term infants (0–90 days) assessed by 15 raters. Raters measured the infant using calibrated scales/measures and masked versions of the device. Raters also evaluated critical tasks associated with device use. Mean error (ME) and mean percentage error (MPE) were used to assess predictive performance. Result Among 486 infants enrolled (36.8 ± 4.0 weeks gestational age, 31.5 ± 28.6 days postnatal age), predicted weight correlated highly with actual weight (r = 0.97, ME: − 69 ± 257 g, MPE: − 1.3 ± 6.9%). Predicted weight was within 10 and 15% of actual weight in 86 and 99%, of infants. HF errors were low, 0.1–0.8% depending on task. In all cases raters were confident or very confident in their measurements. Conclusion The device was statistically equivalent to the method on which it was based and approximated weight with acceptable variance from the true weight. HF data suggest the device is easy to use. This device can be used to estimate weight in infants when calibrated scales are impractical or unavailable.

Chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), and waist circumference (WC) are regarded as important indicators for improving economic traits because they can reflect the growth and physiological status in pigs. However, the genetic architecture of CC, AC, and WC is still elusive. Here, we performed single-trait and multi-trait genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for CC, AC, and WC in 2,206 American origin Duroc (AOD) and 2,082 Canadian origin Duroc (COD) pigs. As a result, one novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) one was associated with CC and AC in COD pigs, which spans 6.92 Mb (from 170.06 to 176.98 Mb). Moreover, multi-trait GWAS identified 21 significant SNPs associated with the three conformation traits, indicating the multi-trait GWAS is a powerful statistical approach that uncovers pleiotropic locus. Finally, the three candidate genes (ITGA11, TLE3, and GALC) were selected that may play a role in the conformation traits. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that the candidate genes for the three conformation traits mainly participated in sphingolipid metabolism and lysosome pathways. For all we know, this study was the first GWAS for WC in pigs. In general, our findings further reveal the genetic architecture of CC, AC, and WC, which may offer a useful reference for improving the conformation traits in pigs.

Anthropometric characteristic of the chest of children gives information about the changes that occur in its size and shape during the periods of growth and development. The aim of the present study is to characterize the main anthropometric dimensions of the chest in healthy adolescent children in terms of gender and age. During the period 2016- 2018 a cross-sectional study was carried out in five secondary schools in Sofia, Bulgaria. A total of 445 schoolchildren (234 boys and 221 girls) aged 8-17 were studied. The participants in the study are divided into three age groups: 8-10 years, 11-13 years and 14-17 years. The main anthropometric dimensions of the thorax were assessed: chest breadth, chest depth and chest circumference at respiratory pause. Based on the data for both diameters, the thoracic index is calculated. The chest of the boys increased in width by 5.51 cm, and in the anterior posterior direction by 3.98 cm. In girls the increase of the chest in width is less - 3.80 cm, and the reported absolute increase in the anterior-posterior dimensions is 2.29 cm. In adolescent boys the values of the thoracic index are between 67.61% and 68.62%, which determines the conical shape of their chest, and in girls between 66.77% and 65.62%, which determines a relatively flatter shape. The differences between the two genders are statistically significant only in the group of 14-17-year olds (p≤0.001). The chest circumference of boys is larger than that of girls and increases significantly between the three age periods. These results show that throughout the study period (8-17 years) the boys have higher values of all chest dimensions than girls. The most pronounced statistically significant gender differences are observed in the age group 14-17 years (p≤0.05). The thoracic index data show that 8-17-year old boys have a relatively deeper and girls have a relatively wider chest. During childhood and adolescence chest diameters and chest circumference increase, highlighted in 8-13 years old girls and 14-17 years old boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Although over the years a number of studies have used chest circumference (CC) as a sensitive tool to identify the health status of infants, a particularly important aspect for this population is the lack of data on normal values and prediction equations. In order to facilitate and validate the interpretation of CC data in newborn (NB), the aim was to study the relation between CC and other anthropometric variables and develop a predictive equation for CC in a population of full-term newborns. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with full-term infants. The anthropometric (CC, head circumference - HC, length, age and weight) and hemodynamic variables were evaluated during the first 24 h of life. Bivariate analysis was performed between CC and HC, weight, length and type of delivery, followed by multiple linear regression analysis, including variables that were significant in the bivariate analysis. For data analysis, we used the SPSS program, considering p

Abstract Background Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity. In low and middle income countries an accurate gestational age is often not known, making the identification of SGA newborns difficult. Measuring foot length, chest circumference and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of the newborn have previously been shown to be reasonable methods for detecting low birth weight (

Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (ATD) represents a heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias with short ribs, narrow chest and reduced thoracic capacity. Mutations in several genes including IFT80, DYNC2H1, TTC21B and WDR19 have been found in patients with ATD. Both severe and milder course of the disease were described in correlation with secondary involvement of lung’s function. Two children with attenuated form of ATD are described. Their anthropometric parameters for birth weight, length and head circumference were normal but narrow thorax was observed in both of them in early infancy with chest circumference < –3 SD (standard deviation) in comparison to age related controls. The postnatal adaptation and development of both children was uneventful except for mild tachypnoea in one of them which persisted till the age of 6 months. In both children, radiographs revealed narrow upper half of the chest with shorter ribs and atypical configuration of pelvis with horizontally running acetabula and coarse internal edges typical for ATD. Molecular analyses using whole exome sequencing in one family revealed that the patient is compound heterozygote in DYNC2H1 gene for a frame-shift mutation c.4458delT resulting in premature stop-codon p.Phe1486Leufs*11 and a missense mutation c.9044A>G (p.Asp3015Gly). The second family refused the DNA analysis. Regular monitoring of anthropometric parameters during childhood is of big importance both in health and disease. In addition, measurement of the chest circumference should be included, at least at birth and during infancy.

Objective: To assess the anthropometric variables of women who had normal labour and to document the relationship between shoe size and other anthropometric variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 307 women who had normal labour at Mile 4 Hospital, Abakaliki, between January 2013 and January 2015. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was obtained. Shoe sizes were measured using the Genuine Brannock Device. The relationship between the shoe size and other variables were assessed using linear regression models. Results: Their mean age was 27.7 + 3.7 years. The mean height was 1.58 + 0.35 and mean weight was 65.37 + 10.31kg. The mean waist circumference of the study population was 37.19 + 3.34cm. The mean chest circumference of the subjects was 37.75 + 3.10cm. Their mean shoe size was 7.86 + 1.26. There was a positive correlation between shoe size and other anthropometric variables. Conclusion: This study showed a positive correlation between shoe size and other anthropometric variables (height, weight, chest circumference and waist circumference) among women who had normal labour. Hence shoe size may be a useful predictor for normal labour.

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to estimate lamb birth weight based on body dimensions. We monitored 101 lambs (61 Charollais lambs, 27 Kent lambs, and 13 their crossbreds) at a selected commercial flock. Birth weight, chest circumference (CC), head circumference (HC), and shin circumference (SC) were measured immediately after birth using a tape measure. Correlation analysis indicated the promising use of CC (r = 0.795; p <.001) or HC (r = 0.679; p <.001) for estimating body weight. Statistical models with one body measurement indicated that a model with CC as a covariate had the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest Akaike's information criterion, corrected Akaike's information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion. The defined criteria generally identified that models with SC, HC, and CC and models with HC and CC as covariates were the best. Residual analyses verified our results, but more extensive analyses of other breeds under different breeding conditions should be conducted to confirm and generalise our results. Statistical models have been proposed to predict the birth weight of lambs. Tape measure can be successfully used for birth weight estimation. Model with chest, head, shin circumferences as covariates were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of mid-arm and chest circumferences on low birth weights in 1033 singleton newborn infants. The proportion of low birth weight was 11.7%. Strong correlations on birth weight (P

The physical development (FR) of children is one of the main criteria for the health status of the child population, reflecting the effect on the body of endogenous and exogenous factors. The purpose of the study is to study the physical development of schoolchildren living in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Methods. Measurements of growth, weight, and circumference of the thorax were taken in urban and rural schoolchildren residing in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The study period was from October 2015 to January 2017. Results. According to the results of the studies, the smallest increases in length and body weight were observed between the ages of 7 and 8 in schoolchildren of both sexes. The rate of weight gain was from 1.0 to 1.2 kg and growth was from 3.0 to 3.3 cm. The greatest difference in the growth rate among schoolchildren was found at the age of 11 and 12 (p

The achievement of optimal growth is the result of the interaction of various factors, such as genetic factor, environment, behavior and stimulation. There are several other factors that influence the increase in the infant’s weight including drugs, congenital abnormalities or chronic diseases of the infant, the sex of the infant, family socioeconomic conditions, nutrition and provision of baby massage stimulation. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of baby massage in promoting baby growth, i.e. weight, length, chest circumference and head circumference. The study uses a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Subjects were recruited from visitors in integrated service post (in Indonesian: Posyandu), independent midwifery practices and community health sub-centers. We collected data of baby growths in Malang regency where the residents are a homogeneous group. 30 infants were included in the study. They, subsequently, were randomly divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group babies aged 3-6 months participated in the baby massage for four weeks. The control group (N=15) was paired with the experimental group (N=15) by matching the baby’s age and sex. The growth indicators were measured two times and statistically analysed using independent t-test and eta-squared test. Growth assessment used measurement results from variable body length, weight, chest circumference, head circumference. After four weeks of massage, we found that weight, length, chest circumference and head circumference increased among babies aged 3 to 6 months who received stimulation of baby massage. Overall, the results of this study reassure that baby massage affects the growth of the infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight is critical for the medical management of infants; however, scales can be unavailable or inaccessible in some practice settings. We recently developed and validated a robust infant weight estimation method based on chest circumference (CC) and head circumference (HC). This study was designed to determine the human factors (HF) experience with, and predictive performance of, an infant weight estimation device that implements this method.Methods: Prospective, multi-center, observational, masked study of 486 preterm and term infants (0-90 days) assessed by 15 raters. Raters measured the infant using calibrated scales/measures and masked versions of the device. Raters also evaluated critical tasks associated with device use. Mean error (ME) and mean percentage error (MPE) were used to assess predictive performance.Result: Among 486 infants enrolled (36.8 ± 4.0 weeks gestational age, 31.5 ± 28.6 days postnatal age), predicted weight correlated highly with actual weight (r = 0.97, ME: - 69 ± 257 g, MPE: - 1.3 ± 6.9%). Predicted weight was within 10 and 15% of actual weight in 86 and 99%, of infants. HF errors were low, 0.1-0.8% depending on task. In all cases raters were confident or very confident in their measurements.Conclusion: The device was statistically equivalent to the method on which it was based and approximated weight with acceptable variance from the true weight. HF data suggest the device is easy to use. This device can be used to estimate weight in infants when calibrated scales are impractical or unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Low birth weight (Birth weight

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan paritas, lingkar dada dan umur kebuntingan dengan produksi susu. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan tanggal 28 Desember 2015-30 Maret 2016 di Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Baturraden, Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Materi yang digunakan adalah 34 ekor sapi Friesian Holstein dalam masa laktasi bunting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasional dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi dan uji korelasi dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 16. Variabel independen terdiri dari paritas, lingkar dada dan umur kebuntingan serta variabel dependen terdiri dari produksi susu rata- rata harian dan satu masa laktasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran lingkar dada rata-rata dari paritas I sampai V berturut turut adalah 180 ± 7,8 cm, 199 ± 9,7 cm, 201 ± 9,4 cm, 207 ± 11,7 cm dan 200 ± 4,2 cm. Produksi susu rata - rata satu masa laktasi 4025,2 + 1395,6 kg (13,2 ± 4,6 kg/hari). Paritas, lingkar dada dan umur kebuntingan tidak memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan produksi susu (p 0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produksi susu tidak memiliki hubungan dengan paritas, lingkar dada dan umur kebuntingan. (The relationship between parity, chest circumference and gestational age with milk yield of Friesian Holstein in BBPTU-HPT Baturraden) ABSTRACT. This study investigated the relationship between milk yield and parity, chest circumference, gestation age in lactating pregnant dairy cow. Research was conducted in December 28, 2015-March 30, 2016 at the Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Baturraden, Banyumas, Central Java. Recording data from 34 pregnant dairy cows were used in this study. The observational method with purposive sampling technique was used. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and correlation with SPSS version 16. The independent variables were parity, chest circumference and gestation age, whereas the dependent variable was milk yield. The result showed that the chest circumference of the cow were 180 ± 7,8 cm, 199 ± 9,7 cm, 201 ± 9,4 cm, 207 ± 11,7 cm and 200 ± 4,2 cm for the 1st to 5th parity, respectively. Total milk yield for 305 days of lactation period was 4025,2 ± 1395,6 kg (13,2 ± 4,6 kg/d). There were no significant correlations between parity, chest circumference and gestational age with milk yield (p0.05). It is suggested that milk yield is not strongly related to parity, chest circumference and gestational age.

This study aims to determine the percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using the Lambourne formula and compared to the actual weight of Aceh bull. The sample used in this study was 50 Aceh bull aged 2-2.5 years in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri Aceh. The parameters observed were Body Length (BL), Chest Circumference (CC), and Body Weight (BW). BL measurement procedure was conducted by measuring the distance between the lateral humeral tuberculum to the ischiadium tuberculum using a measuring stick. CC was measured by encircling the chest cavity which is behind the shoulder bone joint (os scapula) using measuring tape. BW measurement procedure was carried out in two ways, first with digital livestock scales and second with Lambourne formula. The percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using Lambourne formula to the actual’s Aceh bull body weight was 3.41% with regression equation was Y = -350.30 + 2.27x1 + 2.06x2.

Introduction: Low Birth Weight (LBW) accounts for significant proportion of infants and under five mortality. Screening of LBW babies in peripheral areas with poor facilities, with surrogate anthropometric parameters is necessary to prevent morbidity. Aim: To evaluate calf circumference and other anthropometric parameters as a measure of LBW. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study including consecutive live newborn admitted to tertiary hospital, Mumbai, from June 2014 to June 2015. All anthropometric measurements were carried out within 24 hours of birth. Birth weight was measured using digital weighing scale and calf circumference, thigh circumference, Head Circumference (HC), Chest Circumference (CC) and Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) measured according to standard guidelines. Results: Overall prevalence of LBW was 6.8%. All anthropometric indicators had a statistically significant sensitivity, specificity and predictive value (p