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Effects of baseline and reactive blood cortisol on operator's performance were studied in subjects with active of passive behavioral reactions under exposure to stress. The type of behavioral reaction to stress (shift in the rates of omissions or false alarms) was found to be associated with the baseline blood cortisol and its levels averaged in the course of the experiment. Subjects with active reaction (stress produces an increase in the rate of errors of the false-alarm type) were characterized by the low cortisol level, whereas its high level was observed in subjects with passive reaction (stress produces an increase in the rate of errors of the omission type). Individuals with high baseline cortisol level and those with the passive reaction to stress exhibited enhanced cardiovascular reactivity during performance in normal conditions and its reduction during the performance under exposure to stress.

To elucidate possible role of alterations in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and ATP of blood in pathogenesis of diabetic impairments, 29 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. In these children the blood content of the glycosylated hemoglobin was distinctly increased simultaneously with a decrease in ATP level. The alterations were especially distinct in the children the parents of which suffered from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, insult, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Development of diabetes mellitus in these children was characterized by the most severe manifestations (especially frequent and severe diabetic lesions, distinct decreases in secretion of insulin and in efficiency of the hormone). A hypothesis is discussed on possible importance of accelerated glycosylation of proteins and of a decrease in ATP synthesis for development of diabetic lesions.

On the basis of examination of 50 patients in the process of external drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct for detoxication the authors have established that energy losses are dependent on the day volume of the lymph obtained and its biochemical composition. The adequate parenteral nutrition results in decreased energy losses with lymph. Extracorporal lymphosorption is thought to be promising.

The paper is devoted to a study of the role of serum glycoprotein fructosamine and serum albumin in the pathogenesis of a severe course of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. Fructosamine was determined in 43 pediatric patients with IDDM by direct spectrophotometry using Hoffman-La-Roche kits; albumin, C-peptide and malonic aldehyde were also determined. Disorder of the mechanism of regulation of homeostasis by albumin was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a severe course of IDDM in children. It could be caused by its enhanced glycosylation and a decrease in liver synthesis in some cases as a result of considerable reduction of insulin secretion. A prognostically unfavorable sign was a raised ratio of fructosamine to albumin and enhanced lipid peroxidation against a background of low insulin secretion. The determination of serum levels of fructosamine and albumin can be a valuable diagnostic criterion in examination of children with diabetes mellitus.

The work presents results of investigations of the biochemical composition of lymph and the degree of its toxic properties in the process of its detoxication by lymphosorption and ultrafiltration. The degree of toxic properties of the central lymph when purified by the above methods was established to be considerably lower while the energetic value of the lymph subject to reinfusion remains sufficiently high.

Lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolic parameters, such as triglycerides, total and alpha-cholesterol, total protein and albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, total lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, were measured in 50 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis and 60 patients with arteritis. The latter showed more marked lipid metabolic disturbance, as compared to the former, as well as indirect signs of hepatic dysfunction.

During the first 24 hours of the disease, 34 (62.2%) of 58 patients with ischemic stroke exhibited hyperglycemia. Of these, 5 patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia persisted from several hours to 16 days and was more frequent in patients with an unfavourable outcome of the stroke. A number of factors were found to be involved in the genesis of hyperglycemia including activation of the sympathoadrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems, functional insufficiency of the insular apparatus of the pancreas and a decrease in the sensitivity of the receptor apparatus of the cells to insulin. Patients with hyperglycemia displayed an elevation in the level of glycosylized hemoglobin up to 10.3%. The course of stroke in these patients was more severe, often with the lethal outcome. The authors proved that the oxygen transport properties of hemoglobin may be impaired due to its glycosylization and determined the role of the hyperglycemic factor in the pathogenesis of hypoxia.