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La bibliotheque Ella Reid, etablissement reserve aux Africain.e.s-Americain.e.s pendant la segregation, a ete ouverte au public entre les annees 1940 et 1960 dans la ville de Tyler, au Texas. Ses archives sont aujourd’hui hebergees par une bibliotheque de recherche a Philadelphie en Pennsylvanie, tandis que la bibliotheque municipale de Tyler n’a conserve qu’une copie des originaux. Les archives et leurs copies peuvent sembler identiques, mais, comme cet article l’affirme, la difference de contexte materiel et institutionnel rend possible une lecture de ces sources dans des perspectives multiples. L’auteure revient sur sa propre experience en tant que specialiste de l’histoire des bibliotheques, utilisant les archives de la bibliotheque Ella Reid a Philadelphie et a Tyler, afin d’explorer l’impact des pratiques archivistiques et des decisions institutionnelles sur l’histoire et la memoire.

Baltimore City was selected in 2013 as one of the initial recipient cities of the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation (BCJI) grant. The focus neighborhood, McElderry Park, is located in east Baltimore. The approach for the BCJI grant involved community participation through a newly established advisory council, the McElderry Park Revitalization Coalition (MPRC), to better understand deep-rooted concerns that cause crime to persist in the neighborhood and to collaboratively formulate a multipronged approach to addressing these issues. The Baltimore Neighborhood Indicators Alliance (BNIA) at the University of Baltimore (UB) served as an embedded research partner. A community-driven planning process was conducted to develop a plan. The top five themes addressed in the plan included physical disorder, crime and safety, law enforcement relations and response, lack of employment, and lack of youth programs/activities. The three-pronged approach to the project, implemented by many different stakeholders in the neighborhood, led to effective outcomes.

Climate change due to anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide is a global phenomenon with a recognised high public profile. The impacts of climate change, however, are mostly felt at a local level. Communicating climate change relevance where people live and where they can make a difference has proven a greater challenge. The Lancashire Wildlife Trust is engaging people, politicians and businesses with the local causes and impacts of climate change through collaborative working across the 100 km2 Carbon Landscape between Manchester and Liverpool. Past coal and peat extraction created the scarred landscapes today undergoing a renaissance as ecologically-rich wetlands. In the face of changing climate, a resilient ecosystem here is vital to ensure that carbon dioxide stays locked up in the remaining peat and restoration offers future sequestration possibilities. The Biodiverse Society Project engages people with wildlife recording and sensitises them to the impacts of climate change. Boosting the biological recording community increases the data available to planners and politicians for effective evidence-based management of landscape scale biodiversity. Reviewing these two projects identifies how engaging communities with landscape scale conservation approaches and including climate change messaging both bolsters local climate action and helps build the wider societal support needed.

Before the Public Library explores the emergence of community-based lending libraries in the Atlantic World in the two centuries before the advent of the Public Library movement in the mid-nineteenth century through essays by eighteen leading scholars.

Americans tend to imagine their public libraries as time-honored advocates of equitable access to information for all. Through much of the twentieth century, however, many black Americans were denied access to public libraries or allowed admittance only to separate and smaller buildings and collections. While scholars have examined and continue to uncover the history of school segregation, there has been much less research published on the segregation of public libraries in the Jim Crow South. In fact, much of the writing on public library history has failed to note these racial exclusions. In Not Free, Not for All, Cheryl Knott traces the establishment, growth, and eventual demise of separate public libraries for African Americans in the South, disrupting the popular image of the American public library as historically welcoming readers from all walks of life. Using institutional records, contemporaneous newspaper and magazine articles, and other primary sources together with scholarly work in the fields of print culture and civil rights history, Knott reconstructs a complex story involving both animosity and cooperation among whites and blacks who valued what libraries had to offer. African American library advocates, staff, and users emerge as the creators of their own separate collections and services with both symbolic and material importance, even as they worked toward dismantling those very institutions during the era of desegregation.

Poaching for the pet trade is considered one of the main threats to orangutan survival, especially to the Bornean species (Pongo pygmaeus). However, there have been few attempts to quantify the number of individuals taken from the wild or to evaluate the drivers of the trade. Most orangutan poaching is thought to be opportunistic in nature, occurring in conjunction with deforestation for large-scale agriculture. Using data from our long-term wildlife crime field investigation program collected from 2004 to 2014, we evaluated the prevalence of orangutan poaching and its spatial distribution in and around Gunung Palung National Park, in the regencies (districts) of Ketapang and Kayong Utara, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Over the project period, investigators uncovered 145 cases of orangutans being illegally held captive for the pet trade. There was a significant correlation between the extent of oil palm and the number of cases reported from each sub-district in the landscape, supporting the widely held hypothesis that orangutan poaching is opportunistic, and we found no evidence of orangutan trading rings (i.e., international traders) targeting Gunung Palung National Park. Over the past decade, there only has been one prosecution of orangutan trading in West Kalimantan, and weak law enforcement by Indonesian authorities remains the most significant challenge in addressing wildlife trade. We offer four recommendations to address this, including that Indonesia dedicate at least $3 million more to addressing orangutan poaching and trade in Kalimantan and that the country's wildlife protection laws be revised and strengthened, with the new laws socialized to a wide audience, including government officials and all aspects of civil society. As oil palm begins to expand into Africa, this study also may help predict how this will affect gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, encouraging proactive conservation action.

An open access community is a digital repository or an online community where scientific information and communication are free to the public through computing technologies (Hanauske, M., et al 2007; Hubbard, C., et al, 2005). Open access community provides a new way for knowledge sharing and knowledge management. It takes advantage of collective expertise by providing a repository for research papers and research data that are scattered or take a long time to be published. The panel will discuss experiences and challenges people face in various open access communities. Particularly, we will discuss the following issues: • How did each community or repository achieve the functions of “organize” and “share” among people having a common interest in the community? • How long did it take to launch and establish an open-access community? • What impact of such an open-access community / repository has on people's interaction with information? Impact on fee-based digital libraries or traditional libraries? • What the tradeoffs are between opened vs. controlled? • How well do they address privacy issues? • How well is current open access community/ repository meeting human needs, and what should future technology research and development involve to better meet user needs?

The University of Arizona Library, in conjunction with the United States Government Printing Office's Library Programs Service, worked to create a model for a virtual depository by replacing tangible documents with their online counterparts whenever possible. The partnership was achieved by dedicated teamwork: the UA team provided the searching and assessment; the GPO team provided the legal and organizational framework as well as the indexing. At the end of the pilot project's year the program was deemed to be a success and GPO and UA worked to make this process a more permanent one with positivelong-term effects in terms of costs and human and physical resources.

A decade after passage of the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993, a pilot study at the University of Arizona examined the impact of one selective depository library's decision to select, whenever possible, Web-based government information instead of tangible formats such as print and microfiche. The pilot project focused on three key areas: (1) revision of the library's selection profile to prefer electronic over tangible formats; (2) identification and verification of government publications on the Web; and (3) assessment of, and experiences with, Web-based government information among the library's staff and customers. This paper focuses on the assessment of library staff and customer experiences. Several complementary methods, including computer-assisted questionnaires, were used for assessing the ways in which individuals interact with government information resources and the advantages of, and barriers to, Web-based access. Although the transition to virtual depository status requires ongoing monitoring, staff commitment, and assessment to ensure that individuals benefit from the move to more electronic access, the pilot study suggests that it is feasible for a depository library to begin making the transition.

In a critical analysis of the recent development and deployment of the North American Industry Classification System, this article focuses on the discourse surrounding the creation of the system's "information" category. A close reading of the relevant government documents suggests that the category functions simultaneously to position information as a major sector of the economy and to organize data about information as a commodity. The discourse also points to the continuing complexities involved in conceptualizing information as a measurable object.

List of illustrations List of tables Acknowledgements Personal acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors Introduction Cecile Cottenet PART I: HISTORIOGRAPHY 1. Early African American Historians: a Book History and Historiography Approach.The Case of William Cooper Nell (1816-1874) Claire Parfait 2. Publication and Reception of The Southern Negro and the Public Library Cheryl Knott PART II: BILINGUALISM AND ETHNIC IDENTITY 3. Widening the Paradigm of American Literature: Small Presses in the Publishing and Creation of New Hispanic Texts Manuel Brito 4. Franco-American Writers: In-visible Authors in the Global Literary Market Peggy Pacini PART III: CHALLENGING STEREOTYPES - A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE 5. Reacting to the White Publishing World: Zora Neale Hurston and Negro Stereotypes Claudine Raynaud 6. Beyond Mainstream Presses: Publishing Women of Color as Cultural and Political Critique Matilde Martin Gonzalez PART IV: RE-VISITING THE CANON 7. The Roots of Cane: Jean Toomer in The Double Dealer and Modernist Networks John K. Young 8. Popular Book Clubs and the Marketing of African American Best Sellers Laurence Cossu-Beaumont 9. The Poetry of Phillis Wheatley in Slavery's Recollective Economies, 1773 to the Present Max Cavitch Epilogue: An Experience in Literary Archaeology: Publishing a Black Lost Generation Samuel Blumenfeld Bibliography Index

This paper examines the category of "Woman" within the metastructure of a system of knowledge organization. We trace the subject scheme used to list books about women in a standard bibliographic guide over the first three-quarters of the twentieth century.Building on the feminist critique of subject representation, our analysis documents how the category was continually constructed over time, providing evidence of multiplication, isolation, and confusion in the process. The outcome is a framework that fails to capture the complex nature of knowledge about women and conceals relationships to the larger body of knowledge. The case of this legacy system exemplifies problems associated with representing the complexity and integration of knowledge and provides a basis for considering the potential residual impacts of current information organization and navigation systems.