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9. The Commission Tries Again to Reform the Dublin System: Much Ado About Nothing?

Author

Cherubini, Francesco, Bungenberg, Marc, Series Editor, Fröhlich, Mareike, Series Editor, Giegerich, Thomas, Series Editor, Zdraveva, Neda, Series Editor, Baysal, Başak, Advisory Editor, Chi, Manjiao, Advisory Editor, Guckelberger, Annette, Advisory Editor, Jelić, Ivana, Advisory Editor, Kurdadze, Irine, Advisory Editor, Lažetić, Gordana, Advisory Editor, Mekelberg, Yossi, Advisory Editor, Meškić, Zlatan, Advisory Editor, Perišin, Tamara, Advisory Editor, Petrov, Roman, Advisory Editor, Popović, Dušan V., Advisory Editor, Ziegler, Andreas R., Advisory Editor, Russo, Teresa, editor, Oriolo, Anna, editor, and Dalia, Gaspare, editor

Published
2023
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29. Challenges and opportunities toward a sustainable bio‐based chemical sector in Europe.

Author

Rinke Dias de Souza, Nariê, Groenestege, Marisa, Spekreijse, Jurjen, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Matos, Cristina T., Pizzol, Massimo, and Cherubini, Francesco

Subjects
HYDROGEN economy, ENERGY consumption, SUSTAINABLE development, CLIMATE change, MANUFACTURING processes
Abstract

The chemical sector is the fourth largest industry in the European Union (EU) and the second largest chemical producer globally. However, its global share in chemicals sales has declined from 25% two decades ago to around 14% now. The sector, which accounts for 22% of the EU industry's energy demands, faces significant challenges in mitigating climate change, reducing pollution and toxicity, and improving circularity. Biomass, a promising renewable feedstock, currently represents only 3% of the sector's feedstocks. This review explores the opportunities and challenges for a bio‐based chemical sector in the EU, particularly plastics, to improve circularity and contribute to climate neutrality, reduction of pollution and toxicity. It provides an overview of current fossil‐based feedstocks, production processes, country‐specific trends, bio‐based production, and sustainability initiatives. Exploring new feedstocks such as lignin, organic residues, and algae can increase biomass availability toward a circular bioeconomy. Integrating chemicals and plastics production into commercial pulp and power factories, biofuel plants, and the sustainable hydrogen economy could boost the sector. Hydrogen is crucial for reducing biomass's oxygen content. These can ultimately contribute to reduce climate change impacts. Designing novel chemicals and plastics to accommodate biomass's higher oxygen content, reduce toxicity, and enhance biodegradability is essential. However, plastic waste mismanagement cannot be solved by merely replacing fossil feedstocks with biomass. Sustainability initiatives can strengthen and develop a circular bio‐based chemical sector, but better management of bio‐based plastic waste and transparent labeling of bio‐based products are needed. This calls for collaborative efforts among citizens, academia, policymakers, and industry. This article is categorized under:Climate and Environment > Circular EconomyClimate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and DecarbonizationEmerging Technologies > Materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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