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Traffic borne pollutants negatively affect organisms. This study aimed to determine the impact of traffic pollution on Auchenorrhyncha species and their usage as biomonitor for metal pollution. The study was carried out in the cherry orchard near the Amasya-Samsun D100/E80 motorway in Amasya, Türkiye. Metal concentrations in specimens tended to decrease with the increasing distance from the motorway. Significant variations were determined in some metal concentrations based on distance from the motorway. The maximum and minimum metal concentrations were obtained from 0 to 100 m, respectively. Negative relationships were determined between distance from the motorway and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb concentrations in Arboridia versuta (Melichar, 1897), and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in Psammotettix provincialis (Ribaut, 1925). Metals were accumulated in the body of specimens. Therefore, it is thought that Auchenorrhyncha species may be used as a biomonitor for metal pollution due to their high metal concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The musical works in György Harag’s performances occupy a special place in Hungarian and Romanian theater history. Beyond their historicity, however, they also have an independent artistic value. Most of them are artifacts that, as mise en scène, create structure, show stylistic coherence, and last but not least, underline and frame the play with a symbolic, poetic quality. The music becomes performative in György Harag’s performances. If we listen to these works, a multidimensional spectrum of interpretation is revealed to us, in which we can reflect on the performance from several sides with a variety of knowledge. The study examines two productions of The Cherry Orchard by György Harag from the perspective of the acoustic space, and at the same time initiates a poetic dialogue between the dramatic text, the mise en scène, the acting, and the music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jays Garrulus glandarius play a major role in the synzoochorous dispersal of oaks in Europe, including Poland. Oaks have sprung up from acorns cached by jays not only in woodlands but also on meadows, pastures and fallow land. There are no reports as yet of acorn caching by these birds in orchards. This paper describes synzoochorous regeneration in orchards and attempts to evaluate its effect on the farming landscape. The research material was gathered from an area of 1.85 ha of fallow land in orchards (Poland, 51°41.712′N – 20°42.244′E). As a site for caching acorns, jays exhibited a preference for sour cherry orchards. The pedunculate oaks Quercus robur growing in these orchards were in very good condition. They may constitute a reservoir of good seeding material, which will also assist in the regeneration of the woodlands in the vicinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of different cover crops (CCs), mechanical cultivation and herbicide treatments on some soil chemical properties [pH, EC, total N, available P, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and the DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu)] and basal soil respiration (BSR) were investigated in a cherry orchard from 2013 to 2014. The present study was conducted in a cherry orchard located at the Experiment Station of Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute in Samsun province on the Northern side of Turkey. CC treatments, included Trifolium repens L. (TR), Festuca rubra subsp. Rubra (FRR), Festuca arundinacea (FA), T. repens (40%)+F. rubra rubra (30%)+F. arundinacea (30%) mixture (TFF), Vicia villosa (VV) and Trifolium meneghinianum (TM). Control treatments included mechanical cultivated (weed-free), herbicide treated (weed-free) and control plots, i.e., bare ground plots (with no cover crop) were allowed to become weedy. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The CCs were mowed in the flowering stages of the plants. After 90 days following seed harvest, soil samples were collected from two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) in each plot. All cropping species showed positive effects on soil chemical properties and BSR. The CC treatments decreased soil pH and exchangeable Na and increased EC, total N, available P, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K) and the DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn). Effects of mechanical cultivation and herbicide treatments on soil chemical properties and BSR values were not found significant for both soil depths as compared to control (p

The cherry orchard marks the end of Anton Chekhov’s life, consecrating him as the author who defined the threshold of the new epoch. In this article, I construe the garden as the motif linking Chekhov’s sensitivity to the general spirit of his era, revealing his poetics to the global stage as the distinctive mark of a historical and socioeconomic shift. On this path, I will clarify how the subtle difference between sour cherries and sweet cherries becomes a symbol of Chekhov’s dramatic construction, and how his poetics are built on nuances and subtle shifts in meanings, representing the irrevocable fading of a culture. A philological reflection combined with an attentive reading of Chekhov’s letters, Stanislavsky’s memoirs and scenic sketches reveal the author’s interest in the relationship between man and nature as well as the need to read his work from a more spatial-oriented standpoint. Chekhov clearly anticipates the so-called ‘spatial turn’, approaching space not through the description of a specific landscape or dramaturgical setting, but from a phenomenological point of view, leading him to profound reflections on the relationship between physical planning and socio- political development, as later conceptualised by key social thinkers such as Henry Lefebvre and Edward Soja. Chekhov’s dramaturgical construction and symbology are the result of this awareness and endless passion for nature in all its forms.

[Objective] To construct a sustainable ground management model for cherry orchards, the effects of different ground cover measures on the soil organic carbon pool and related enzyme activities in cherry orchards were evaluated. [ Method] The changes in total organic carbon content, content of each active organic carbon fraction and related enzyme activities of cherry orchard soils under natural grass mulch (NGM), Vicia sepium mulch (VSM) and ground cloth cover (GCM) were studied using traditional clear tillage (CK) as a control. [Result] The mean organic carbon concentrations in the 0 - 20 cm soil layers of natural grass cover and V. sepium mulch were significantly higher than those of clear tillage, while the ground cloth mulch was not significantly different from clear tillage and showed a decreasing trend. The content and distribution ratio of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light group organic carbon (LFOC) and easily oxidized organic carbon (LOC) were higher under natural grass mulch, V. sepium mulch and ground cloth mulch than that under clear tillage ; The highest mean concentrations of particulate organic carbon, light group organic carbon and easily oxidizable organic carbon were found in the 0 - 20 cm soil layer under natural grass cover, reaching 4. 82, 1. 56 and 3. 79 g/kg, respectively, while the highest dissolved organic carbon content and its distribution ratio were found under V. sepium cover. Soil cellulase, amylase, sucrase and urease activities were significantly higher in all three mulching patterns than that in the clear tillage, and the natural grass mulch and V. sepium mulch were better than the ground cloth cover in terms of enhancement, and there was a significant correlation between each active organic carbon and enzyme activity, with particulate organic carbon mainly influenced by sucrase and cellulase, dissolved organic carbon and light group organic carbon mainly influenced by suerase and urease, and easily oxidised organic carbon mainly, the organic carbon was mainly influenced by cellulase. [Conclusion] Both natural grass mulching and V. sepium mulching enhanced the soil carbon pool and enzyme activity in cherry orchards, making them more desirable ground cloth cover measures for cherry orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cherry orchard marks the end of Anton Chekhov's life, consecrating him as the author who defined the threshold of the new epoch. In this article, I construe the garden as the motif linking Chekhov's sensitivity to the general spirit of his era, revealing his poetics to the global stage as the distinctive mark of a historical and socioeconomic shift. On this path, I will clarify how the subtle difference between sour cherries and sweet cherries becomes a symbol of Chekhov's dramatic construction, and how his poetics are built on nuances and subtle shifts in meanings, representing the irrevocable fading of a culture. A philological reflection combined with an attentive reading of Chekhov's letters, Stanislavsky's memoirs and scenic sketches reveal the author's interest in the relationship between man and nature as well as the need to read his work from a more spatial-oriented standpoint. Chekhov clearly anticipates the so-called 'spatial turn', approaching space not through the description of a specific landscape or dramaturgical setting, but from a phenomenological point of view, leading him to profound reflections on the relationship between physical planning and socio-political development, as later conceptualised by key social thinkers such as Henry Lefebvre and Edward Soja. Chekhov's dramaturgical construction and symbology are the result of this awareness and endless passion for nature in all its forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper irrigation is one of the≥key factors ofmaintaining a healthy and≥economical productive cherry orchard. Over irrigation can slow the growth of the roots and can induce excessive vegetative vigor, but applying the deficit irrigation method can result into drough stress. The reproductive response of a ten years≥old cherry trees orchard under the temperate continental climate to deficit irrigation was studied in a private and commercial orchard≥located in the East of Romania for 1 season. Three irrigation treatments were establish: 1) irrigation by control, 1 lateral, 2.3l/h dripper, 0.50 cm spacing, irrigation rate = 1.02; 2) irrigation by low flow, 2 laterals, 0.7 l/h dripper, 1.0 m spacing, irrigation rate = 0.62; 3) irrigation with 2 laterals per row, 2.3l/h dripper, 1.0 m spacing, irrigation rate = 1.02. The phenological phases of sweet cherry trees like flowering, fruit≥and vegetative growth is influenced by the different irrigation methods and after the evaluation these different irrigation strategies resulted reproductive response as fruit size, fruit yield, leaf. Observation indicate that exceedingly low flow irrigation throughout daylight hours may contribute to irrigation efficiency. In the market we can choose to use drippers with low flows that have not yet been introduced into orchards in significant scale wordwide. The purpose of the observation is to evaluate the effect of continuous irrigation method on cherry trees and the applicability of low flow dripper in orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of tree-bound organisms nowadays constitutes an essential prerequisite for understanding the status of the trees from the perspective of biodiversity. Fruit orchards also have a specific position for biodiversity due to their high biological potential. The work was dealt at the site of cherry orchard from the part belonging to the particularly protected area of the Kosíř Lomy. A dendrological survey was carried out, supplemented by a listing of organisms found on the basis of regular field patrol. An inventory of all found organisms of the site was created, supplemented by the results taken from the flight impact trap capture. The results of the work proved the importance of the tree species in the area of the cherry orchard under examination from the perspective of the presence of bound organisms and thus provide further proof of the importance of the area Kosíř Lomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of different cover crops (CCs), mechanical cultivation and herbicide treatments on some soil chemical properties [pH, EC, total N, available P, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and the DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu)] and basal soil respiration (BSR) were investigated in a cherry orchard from 2013 to 2014. The present study was conducted in a cherry orchard located at the Experiment Station of Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute in Samsun province on the Northern side of Turkey. CC treatments, included Trifolium repens L. (TR), Festuca rubra subsp. Rubra (FRR), Festuca arundinacea (FA), T. repens (40%)+F. rubra rubra (30%)+F. arundinacea (30%) mixture (TFF), Vicia villosa (VV) and Trifolium meneghinianum (TM). Control treatments included mechanical cultivated (weed-free), herbicide treated (weed-free) and control plots, i.e., bare ground plots (with no cover crop) were allowed to become weedy. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The CCs were mowed in the flowering stages of the plants. After 90 days following seed harvest, soil samples were collected from two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) in each plot. All cropping species showed positive effects on soil chemical properties and BSR. The CC treatments decreased soil pH and exchangeable Na and increased EC, total N, available P, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K) and the DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn). Effects of mechanical cultivation and herbicide treatments on soil chemical properties and BSR values were not found significant for both soil depths as compared to control (p<0.01). Results of the study showed that CCs, especially TR and VV treatments as legume plants improved soil chemical properties and BSR values in short term period. However, longer term studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of these sustainable management practices which have the potential to improve soil quality variables are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Agroforestry systems in temperate Europe are known to provide both, provisioning and regulating ecosystem services (ES). Yet, it is poorly understood how these systems affect ES provision at a landscape scale in contrast to agricultural practises.Objectives: This study aimed at developing a novel, spatially explicit model to assess and quantify bundles of provisioning and regulating ES provided by landscapes with and without agroforestry systems and to test the hypothesis that agroforestry landscapes provide higher amounts of regulating ES than landscapes dominated by monocropping.Methods: Focussing on ES that are relevant for agroforestry and agricultural practices, we selected six provisioning and regulating ES—“biomass production”, “groundwater recharge”, “nutrient retention”, “soil preservation”, “carbon storage”, “habitat and gene pool protection”. Algorithms for quantifying these services were identified, tested, adapted, and applied in a traditional cherry orchard landscape in Switzerland, as a case study. Eight landscape test sites of 1 km × 1 km, four dominated by agroforestry and four dominated by agriculture, were mapped and used as baseline for the model.Results: We found that the provisioning ES, namely the annual biomass yield, was higher in landscape test sites with agriculture, while the regulating ES were better represented in landscape test sites with agroforestry. The differences were found to be statistically significant for the indicators annual biomass yield, groundwater recharge rate, nitrate leaching, annual carbon sequestration, flowering resources, and share of semi-natural habitats.Conclusions: This approach provides an example for spatially explicit quantification of provisioning and regulating ES and is suitable for comparing different land use scenarii at landscape scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the existing drip irrigation systems of 20 cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchards in Isparta-Uluborlu (Turkey) region where cherry production is done intensively were evaluated with selected by purposive sampling method; were examined in terms of design and operation; problems related to the subject were determined. For this reason, drip and under tree micro sprinkler irrigation system was re-projected for each enterprise, elements of both irrigation systems compared with the present applications, and suggestions for both irrigation systems and irrigation scheduling are developed. As a result, it has been found that the system elements generally had not been designed properly, and the system layouts and operations were insufficient in all of the existing drip irrigation systems considered. Suggestions for both irrigation systems and irrigation scheduling are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]