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Open Access document; International audience; This chapter first provides information on general health and safety rules to be applied by operators in monitoring urban drainage and stormwater management (UDSM) systems, especially in the harsh confined environment of underground sewer systems. Second, it presents experience-based key recommendations for best practice and quality in operation, management and maintenance of sensors and installations for rainfall and discharge measurements. In the last part, three numerical methods (ordinary least squares, Williamson least squares, non-linear regression) are presented, with detailed examples of application, to establish calibration functions which are necessary for all sensors used in UDSM monitoring.

Sewer asset management gained momentum and importance in recent years due to economic considerations, since infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation directly represent major investments. Because physical urban water infrastructure has life expectancies of up to 100 years or more, contemporary urban drainage systems are strongly influenced by historical decisions and implementations. The current decisions taken in sewer asset management will, therefore, have a long-lasting impact on the functionality and quality of future services provided by these networks. These decisions can be supported by different approaches ranging from various inspection techniques, deterioration models to assess the probability of failure or the technical service life, to sophisticated decision support systems crossing boundaries to other urban infrastructure. This paper presents the state of the art in sewer asset management in its manifold facets spanning a wide field of research and highlights existing research gaps while giving an outlook on future developments and research areas. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

International audience

Novatech 2016, LYON, FRANCE, 28-/06/2016 - 01/07/2016; This presentation proposes to discuss emerging issues related to long term management of best management practices (BMP). BMPs are dedicated to stormwater management, but they also provide secondary benefits such as landscape amenity and amelioration of the biodiversity. Asset management turns out to be difficult because of the various possible functions, uses, objectives, funding, processes involved, composition, and spatial scales of the different technologies. Research needs are often multidisciplinary: hydrology, geography, sociology, science of law, decision aid, economic sciences, etc.; Le nécessaire développement des techniques alternatives, depuis maintenant plusieurs décennies, en complément ou en remplacement des réseaux existants pose la question de leur gestion sur le long terme. Ces aménagements, rarement dédiés uniquement à la gestion des eaux pluviales, assurent ainsi d'autres fonctions en lien avec la ville et ses usagers. Les collectivités prennent la mesure des difficultés de gestion de ce patrimoine. Ces aménagements multifonctionnels sont souvent dispersés, de forme et de composition très variables, et sont en partie situés dans le domaine priÎ. Leur gestion nécessite ainsi une coopération interservices et implique un financement pas toujours clairement identifié. Dans cet article, nous discuterons de ces questions émergentes liées à la gestion patrimoniale des techniques alternatives. L'article se focalise sur les techniques alternatives du domaine public sans aborder le domaine priÎ. Ces questions émergentes impliquent des recherches souvent pluridisciplinaires : hydrologie, aménagement, sociologie, science du droit, aide à la décision, sciences économique et de gestion, etc. Nos propos sont illustrés notamment par le retour d'expérience de la métropole du Grand Lyon

International audience; This paper presents the first real implementation of INDIGAU asset management toolbox based on French national RERAU methodology. This toolbox allows the utility manager or consultant to define a rehabilitation program using CCTV reports and other indicators such as economic, social or environmental indicators. The methodology is described and each element of the toolbox is briefly introduced: conversion of CCTV reports in EN 13508-2 coding system, assignment of a condition grade to a segment using CCTV report, and combining complementary indicators for assessing the rehabilitation criteria. The INDIGAU toolbox is applied on a length of about 99 km of sewers (10% of the network) of Caen-la-Mer urban community. The segments to be rehabilitated are identified using a multi-criteria analysis. This study shows the feasibility of calculating complementary rehabilitation criteria by combining indicators derived from various sources: visual inspection reports, network monitoring, operation costs, data related to the urban environment. INDIGAU also aims to organize a public-private R&D process: the INDIGAU user club involves utilities (end-users), researchers and the software provider, aiming at fuelling continuous enhancement of the toolbox, sharing of best practices and pooling of case studies for research purposes.

International audience; In the last few decades, urban drainage systems have become much more than a simple removal of storm-water and sewage out of the city. Urban water management must adapt to the city and its evolutions; the driving forces are numerous with a diverse range of origins: social evolution (increasing expectations regarding levels of service), societal evolution (increasing complexity of regulations and institutions, which make urban water management more complex), environmental evolution (climate change and its consequences, etc.), technologic evolution (including new monitoring possibilities), economic evolution (global markets, share of costs between stakeholders). Importantly, urbanization has had significant impacts on urban water cycle (Chocat et al., 2007). Pressure exerted on cities and, in our context, on urban water system has lead to the need to consider more functions, thus making it necessary to modify (expand) the boundaries of the system. Urban water system must include drainage system, the catchment and the city itself, in order to establish a balance between each of the three sub-systems. This will enable functions such as ecosystem protection, water resource scarcity, adaptability, re-use of storm and waste waters to be promoted. Studies identifying these functions is well documented (Ashley et al., 2002 ; Ashley et al., 2007 ; Chocat et al., 2007 ; Fletcher et al., 2009 ; Novotny et Brown, 2007 ; Wong et al., 2008). This sustainable water management presents a worldwide challenge for the 21st century. In the scope of this challenge, it is necessary to replace traditional management approaches by a new concept, often referred to as sustainable urban water management (SUWM) (Brown et al., 2006; De Graaf, 2009; Hellström et al., 2000; Kaufmann, 2007; Larsen, 1997; Mitchell, 2009). One key aspect of this approach is the necessity that storm water and wastewater should become again considered as a resource (as they were a few centuries ago) and not as a nuisance or a risk (Chocat et al., 2007). This new paradigm introduces the necessity to evaluate new methodological approaches and new tools and technologies. In terms of methodological approaches, recent research has focused on three main directions: performance indicators (Matos et al., 2003), guidelines (Boogaard et al., 2008; Hall and Lobrina, 2009; Lems et al., 2006) and decision-support tools dedicated to a part or the whole system (Förster et al., 2003; Taylor et al., 2006; Le Gauffre et al., 2007 ; Moura, 2008; Saegrov, 2006). However, sustainable urban water management must also consider means of interactions and cooperation between all stakeholders and institutions, at the catchment-scale and at the city-scale. Methods must thus address both technical facilities (devices, treatment systems, etc) and the organisations (local authorities, private enterprise, community group, etc.) which play a role in urban water management. The objective of our project (Granger, 2009; Cherqui et al., 2009) is to develop and test a multi-disciplinary assessment management methodology, which gives (i) urban water manager the ability to measure the provided service by urban water system; and gives (ii) stakeholders the ability to choose a strategy that matches their expectation of the service provided. An implicit objective of this project is to initiate a cooperative relationship between service provider, local government and others stakeholders. This close collaboration has been initiated thanks to this project.

actes sur CD; International audience; Dans le cadre du développement d'une méthodologie d'aide à la décision en matière de gestion durable des eaux urbaines, l'INSA de Lyon et la Lyonnaise des Eaux proposent un cadre d'évaluation de la qualité de service rendu par le système de gestion des eaux urbaines (Granger, 2010). Cette méthodologie vise à fournir une vision globale, à satisfaire les besoins et attentes des acteurs du territoire et à assurer une qualité de service en continu. Une des fonctions étudiées concerne la protection des personnes et des biens vis-à-vis du risque d'inondation. L'objectif de cette communication est de définir une méthodologie opérationnelle permettant aux gestionnaires d'évaluer le risque de débordement des systèmes d'assainissement à l'échelle des agglomérations. Notre approche ne cherche pas à rendre prévisible le système mais à renseigner les décideurs sur le niveau de risque actuel et sur les actions à mettre en place pour gérer efficacement ce risque. Elle est basée sur une définition globale du risque incluant la vulnérabilité du territoire et la perception des différents acteurs locaux. Après la présentation de l'approche méthodologique retenue, nous illustrons et discutons l'application de cette méthodologie à travers deux cas d'études : les agglomérations de Lyon et Mulhouse.

La gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement est un enjeu de société. La connaissance de l'état de santé d'un patrimoine indispensable à toute stratégie de gestion. L'évaluation de l'état d'un tronçon du réseau d'assainissement est donc un enjeu majeur et les inspections visuelles constituent actuellement la méthode d'investigation privilégiée. Cet article explique comment interpréter ces inspections en vue d'évaluer l'état de santé d'un tronçon et surtout comment traduire une note sur le tronçon en état de santé. Nous présentons dans cette communication deux méthodes de calage destinées à définir les limites (seuils) entre chaque état : un calage « précis » et un calage « flou ». Ces méthodes de calage précis et flou sont comparées et discutées à partir d'un cas réel. Cette question du calage d'indicateurs est étudiée sur le cas des réseaux d'assainissement mais les résultats sont transposables à d'autres domaines.

International audience; L'une des questions centrales de la gestion de l'assainissement dans la ville de demain concernera la mesure objective du niveau de service réellement rendu aux usagers. Le développement rapide de systèmes alternatifs, collectifs ou non, aussi bien pour les eaux usées que pour les eaux pluviales, venant cohabiter avec les systèmes traditionnels, rend cette évolution nécessaire. De plus, le système d'assainissement doit répondre à des enjeux de plus en plus diversifiés. Le système devient de plus en plus compliqué et son pilotage de moins en moins clair. Prendre en compte les conséquences locales des moyens mis en œuvre en terme de service rendu devient une étape nécessaire et obligatoire dans la prise de décisions durables. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une méthodologie permettant de soutenir une stratégie de gestion durable du système d'assainissement, basée sur une logique de pilotage de la performance par des objectifs de résultats définis localement. Cette méthodologie est actuellement appliquée sur le SIVOM (Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Multiple) de l'agglomération Mulhousienne, en partenariat avec l'INSA de Lyon, la Société Lyonnaise des Eaux et les différents acteurs locaux (associations, autorités, Agence de l'Eau, etc.).

Published online: 03 Mar 2014; International audience; The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of data availability and quality within a utility to prioritise inspection and rehabilitation needs. Data are required in order to predict the structural condition of assets. Lack of data and budget limitation do not encourage utilities to evolve from reactive to proactive management. Methods and tools exist; however, improving operational practices will require the demonstration of data collection benefits. In this article, asset management approaches are presented and discussed regarding influence of data; from closed-circuit television reports elaboration to prioritisation of rehabilitation needs. Bottlenecks related to uncertainty, imprecision and incompleteness of data are identified, and the authors propose approaches to study these questions. This article also highlights the use of numerical experiment to simulate asset management scenarios, to experiment methods or to demonstrate the interest of new practices. Numerical experiment allows construction and use of virtual degraded databases derived from a completely known asset stock.

International audience; Asset management is an increasing concern for wastewater utilities and companies. Indicators are developed for supporting the definition of investigation and rehabilitation programs. These indicators are mostly based on visual inspections, which provide major information. However, difficulty remains in the translation of a visual inspection survey into dysfunction indicators. Condition grade of a sewer segment may be obtained by comparison of a single score to thresholds which must be in accordance with practices or opinions of utilities' experts. The confrontation between expert assessments of sewer segments (condition grade) and calculated scores also demonstrates the necessity of considering diagnosis imperfection when establishing thresholds. To fill this niche, an algorithm has been recently proposed (Ibrahim et al., 2007) in order to fix thresholds by minimizing a cost function. This article presents a successful application of the proposed algorithm on 30 CCTV reports of sewer segments located in the urban community of Strasbourg or in the Département du Bas-Rhin. For each CCTV, a score is calculated using observation codes converted into numerical scores and in parallel, grade is assessed by several experts (sewer managers of different French local utilities). This method has proved its interest when threshold determination is required to assess indicators. Moreover, this approach is generally applicable to numerous domains, when levels of performance need to be defined.

International audience; Water resources management is a worldwide challenge for the 21st century. Water resources management in urbanized cities raises the question of cohabitation between the collective wastewater services and the individualized systems. Thus, an objective measure of efficiency is required: this can be done by evaluating the level of provided service instead of evaluating the means available themselves. For several decades, the emergence of new alternative technologies has been raising the question of services efficiency offered by traditional technologies used in drainage management. This question is emphasized by the need for a global management of wastewater systems and the evolution of legislation, from discharges standards ("emission based") to standards in environment acceptance capacities ("immision based"). Integrating these impacts becomes a necessary step in order to plan sustainable drainage decisions. In this context, a methodology, named EDASR1, is proposed to support wastewater management strategies. This methodology is applied on the SIVOM (Intermunicipal Union with multiple vocations) of the Mulhousian agglomeration (Alsace, France). This study is conducted with a close collaboration of local authorities, of the "Lyonnaise Des Eaux" (Mulhousian manager) and of local stakeholders (associations, Water Agency, etc.).

International audience; Asset management requires the development of performance indicators (PIs) and decision procedures. Within the French RERAU methodology each rehabilitation criterion is assigned a grade out of four possible ones. This grade results from an aggregation of complementary PIs that use information derived from various sources: visual inspection, O&M data, network monitoring, etc. This paper focuses on the development of dysfunction indicators derived from visual inspection results (WP1 of the French INDIGAU program). Inspection reports provide sequences of observation (defect) codes. On this basis, three complementary procedures are proposed so as to assign a condition grade to the sewer segment: (a) expert rules identifying major defects (b) calculation of a single score and comparison to three thresholds and (c) rules based on the analysis of scores distribution along the segment. Calibrating procedure b) means defining parameters used in the calculation of a single score and defining three (crisp or fuzzy) thresholds. The calibration also requires experts' judgments that will be used as references. A sample of 45 links has been studied by 8 experts, regarding 10 indicators. The results display a lot of conflicts between experts' opinions. Three types of situation are defined: 1) no conflict, a consensus can be identified; 2) one expert disagrees with a majority, a consensus may be defined; 3) major conflicts between answers.

Cette communication aborde le problème méthodologique de l'exploitation des résultats l'inspections visuelles pour l'évaluation du niveau de dysfonctionnement de l'objet d'étude. Cette question est étudiée sur le cas des réseaux d'assainissement mais des résultats sont transposables à d'autres domaines. Le niveau de dysfonctionnement peut être défini à l'aide de trois raisonnements : des règles expertes, la comparaison d'une note de synthèse avec des valeurs seuils et l'analyse d'un profil longitudinal. Le calage des valeurs seuils nécessite de comparer des résultats d'affectation de niveaux de dysfonctionnement avec des dires d'expert servant de référence. Nous proposons un critère de calage qui permet de prendre en compte les coûts associés aux différentes erreurs d'affectation.

The fast and uncontrolled emergence of a will to promote sustainable development in the field of building construction generates new requirements for urban evelopment. Besides technical solutions, the project manager or urban planner must take into consideration the overall impact of his project on the local and global environment as well as social trends, economic development, health and safety for users. Integration of a large number of evaluation criteria makes the assessment of such strategy very hard to carry out without a real methodological work. In the last few years, a strong effort has been made in order to organize this debate and various methods evaluating environmental quality of a building project have been proposed. However, this concept of sustainable development requires solutions at a higher level than the single building. This paper proposes a first methodological approach in order to evaluate the sustainability of a district project, in the framework of the French ADEQUA project. This methodology allows actors in the building sector to consider different sustainable alternatives for a project. No unique alternative fits perfectly to sustainable development principles, but there are several best solutions according to specific characteristics of a project and to its own objectives., La démarche HQE, puis l'émergence rapide et incontrôlée d'une volonté de "développement durable" dans le domaine de la construction, sont à l'origine de nouvelles exigences d'aménagement urbain. Or la prise en compte du concept de développement durable requiert une analyse holistique d'un projet urbain. Cela nécessite une échelle d'étude plus large que celle du bâtiment. Ce travail concerne la mise en place d'une méthode d'analyse multi indicateurs basée sur huit objectifs à l'échelle du quartier. La quantification des indicateurs associés aux objectifs permet au professionnel de la construction, l'aménageur ou la collectivité, d'évaluer quantitativement et de comparer différentes alternatives d'aménagement d'un quartier, à l'aide de diagrammes radars. Cette quantification est basée sur l'utilisation d'outils de simulation, sur des bases de données et sur des dires d'expert. La « méthode ADEQUA » est une contribution au projet national (du même nom) initié par le Ministère de l'Équipement et l'ADEME : le projet ADEQUA. La méthode proposée est également mise en situation grâce à un cas d'étude à La Rochelle.

The fast and uncontrolled emergence of a will to promote sustainable development in the field of building construction generates new requirements for urban evelopment. Besides technical solutions, the project manager or urban planner must take into consideration the overall impact of his project on the local and global environment as well as social trends, economic development, health and safety for users. Integration of a large number of evaluation criteria makes the assessment of such strategy very hard to carry out without a real methodological work. In the last few years, a strong effort has been made in order to organize this debate and various methods evaluating environmental quality of a building project have been proposed. However, this concept of sustainable development requires solutions at a higher level than the single building. This paper proposes a first methodological approach in order to evaluate the sustainability of a district project, in the framework of the French ADEQUA project. This methodology allows actors in the building sector to consider different sustainable alternatives for a project. No unique alternative fits perfectly to sustainable development principles, but there are several best solutions according to specific characteristics of a project and to its own objectives.; La démarche HQE, puis l'émergence rapide et incontrôlée d'une volonté de "développement durable" dans le domaine de la construction, sont à l'origine de nouvelles exigences d'aménagement urbain. Or la prise en compte du concept de développement durable requiert une analyse holistique d'un projet urbain. Cela nécessite une échelle d'étude plus large que celle du bâtiment. Ce travail concerne la mise en place d'une méthode d'analyse multi indicateurs basée sur huit objectifs à l'échelle du quartier. La quantification des indicateurs associés aux objectifs permet au professionnel de la construction, l'aménageur ou la collectivité, d'évaluer quantitativement et de comparer différentes alternatives d'aménagement d'un quartier, à l'aide de diagrammes radars. Cette quantification est basée sur l'utilisation d'outils de simulation, sur des bases de données et sur des dires d'expert. La « méthode ADEQUA » est une contribution au projet national (du même nom) initié par le Ministère de l'Équipement et l'ADEME : le projet ADEQUA. La méthode proposée est également mise en situation grâce à un cas d'étude à La Rochelle.