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The article examines the comfort of the environment in rural and urban areas. To assess the level of environmental comfort, methods were used to determine the degree of greening of populated areas, the state of tree plantations within green public areas, the aggressiveness of the visual environment and the quality index of the urban environment. Based on the results of the research, the comfort of the environment in rural and urban areas was compared and conclusions were drawn.

The paper considers the results of studying the effect of agrochemicals Organostim on the growth and production processes of cucumbers. The use of agrochemicals in cucumber cultivation technology by the Organostim contributed to the activation of growth processes, an increase in the leaf surface area and the formation of more cucumber fruits with better quality. The use of Organostim, a drug capable of suppressing oxidative processes, possessing homeostatic and fungistatic properties, made it possible to increase significantly the productivity of cucumber plants (yield increase was 34.9%) and significantly improve the quality of its fruits.

This paper presents new research results aimed at ensuring reliability and durability of equipment due to its diagnostics including monitoring and recording parameters changes of bearing units technical conditions determined before the moment of equipment shutdown, dismantling and fault detection of units as well as development of new methods for their restoration. As a method of operability recovery of unique bearing units a progressive approach is offered based on use of composite material 'Multimetal Stahl 1018'. A new field of application of composite material 'Multimetal Stahl 1018' to create temporary bearing sliding support instead of failed unique design construction with rolling bearings is described. Successful operation of majority of industrial equipment units restored using composite materials evidences broad prospects for solving various repair tasks mechanics of repair industries face including protection of foundations from destruction during vibration loads.

The article deals with the problems of aggressiveness and homogeneity of the visual environment of settlements. The calculation of the coefficient of aggressiveness for the visual environment in the village of Maryanskaya along the streets of Severnaya and Shevchenko was carried out. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the problems under consideration for rural areas and cities.

Tomatoes play a leading role in providing the population of Russia with vegetable products, which is due to their high productivity, good taste properties, diverse use, ability to cultivate in open and closed ground, and, consequently, to consume them all year round. Based on the fact that the consumption of tomatoes is growing every year, the main task is to increase the yield and quality of fruits. One of the ways to solve this problem is, according to research data, four-fold treatment of tomato plants in the phase of milk ripeness with Esfon at a dose of 1.0l/ ha, which is due to obtaining a high yield of good quality fruits (6,204 kg/m2, in the control - 5,108 kg/m2, HCR05 = 0.250 kg/m2) and a reduction in the maturation period, in comparison with the control, is 14 days.

A developed public transport system, in which the types of municipal electric transport (trams, trolleybuses, etc.) are of paramount importance, ensures a reduction in the load on the environment – this pattern is one of the principles of such a scientific direction as sustainable development. However, for the functioning of any structure, the use of energy resources is necessary – in the case of a trolleybus transport complex, the electric power system acts as a resource. This information provided is a description of the principles of operation of the Novorossiysk enterprise, on which the maintenance of trolleybus rolling stock and elements of the electric power infrastructure are based. In addition, the publication discusses the problems faced by the municipal electric transport system.

Paper shows results of experimental studies of loading capacity of composite material ‘Multimetal Stahl 1018’ under static and vibrational loads at high temperatures in order to possibly use this material as a leveling layer on supporting surfaces of large-sized units of turbogenerating sets when they are mounted on foundation frames. Tensile strengths of composite samples were obtained at static loading for temperature range +20°С...+80°С on experimental machine ‘РМ-20’; obtained values do not exceed the maximum compressive stress of the material σ = 160 MPa. Experimental studies have been conducted on a specially created vibration unit because construction of foundation of turbogenerating sets is subjected to vibrations with wide spectrum of frequencies. Parameters of oscillatory process were measured using vibration velocity meter, signals were fixed using ADC ‘Е 14-140M’ and amplifier ‘LE-41’; signals processing was performed on ‘DSP’ processor module. Differential equation of forced oscillations is compiled, amplitudes and dynamics coefficients are determined for constructed dynamic model of vibration unit. Dependence of oscillation amplitude on height of the test samples is presented graphically. Table summarizes values of the dynamic coefficients at different samples heights for the same temperature spectrum as in case of static loads. It was concluded that the dynamic coefficient decreases with increasing temperature for larger height of sample. It was experimentally established that studied composite material withstands dynamic loads significantly exceeding those that can occur when installing turbogenerating sets on foundation frames. This allowed to recommend material ‘Multimetal Stahl 1018’ for use in installation of turbogenerating sets. Technology has been proposed for revamp of supporting surface of foundation frame in order to perform such works. Industrial tests that were carried out at two thermal power plants when revamping supporting surfaces of foundation frames under turbogenerating set ‘TGV 200’ and under low pressure cylinder of turbine ‘К-20-180 LMP’ that confirmed effectiveness of proposed method and its operability.

Modified algorithm of the 3d finite element analysis developed for solution of external boundary problem is considered. The method in question is based on incorporating the FEM and Somigliana’s integral formula. Efficiency of software implementations of the algorithm has been tested. A stress-strain analysis of inhomogeneous medium with a cavity has been carried out to display the approach.

In order to obtain sulfur-containing organophosphorus compounds that are promising as extractants of heavy metals, the interaction of elemental phosphorus and sulfur with alkyl bromides catalyzed using strong bases was studied. According to the task, the reaction of non-toxic and non-flammable red phosphorus with alkyl bromides under conditions of phase transfer catalysts (PTC), followed by the introduction of elemental sulfur into the reaction medium, were studied. It is shown that alkyl bromides interact with red phosphorus when heated (95-105 °C, 5-8 h) under conditions of phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in a two-phase system: a 60% aqueous solution of KOH-toluene-benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) forming a mixture of organophosphorus compounds along with alkylphosphines (57-60%), are the main reaction products; alkylphosphine oxides are also formed (40-43%). The introduction of elemental sulfur (solution in toluene) at the final stage of the process into the reaction mass cooled to 40-60 °C leads to the expected alkylphosphine sulfides, which are the result of the interaction of alkylphosphines with sulfur. The formation of complex mixtures of products prevents the release of target alkylphosphine sulfides in individual form. However, the synthesized mixture of alkylphosphine sulfides and alkylphosphine oxides without separation into individual components is promising for studying its extraction properties in relation to heavy metals. Testing of the extraction properties of synthesized mixtures of alkylphosphine sulfides and alkylphosphine oxides in relation to heavy metals (Ni, Co, Zn, Pb) and noble metals (Ag) showed that the resulting mixtures of tertiary phosphine oxides and phosphine sulfides are highly effective extractants. The degree of extraction in relation to Ni, Co, Zn, and Pb varies from 99.90 to 99.99%, and for Ag from 99.56 to 99.59%.

A combined theoretical and experimental study of the stereochemical behavior of (31)P-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants has been performed in the series of trivinylphosphine and related trivinylphosphine oxide, sulfide and selenide. Theoretical energy-based conformational analysis of the title compounds performed at the MP2/6-311G** level reveals that each of the four compounds of this series exists in the equilibrium mixture of five true-minimum conformers, namely s-cis-s-cis-s-cis, s-cis-s-cis-gauche, syn-s-cis-gauche-gauche, anti-s-cis-gauche-gauche and gauche-gauche-gauche, which were taken into account in the conformational averaging of (31)P-(1)H spin-spin couplings calculated at the second-order polarization propagator approach/aug-cc-pVTZ-J level of theory. All (31)P-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants involving phosphorus and either of the vinyl protons are found to demonstrate a marked stereochemical dependences with respect to the geometry of the coupling pathway and internal rotation of the vinyl group around the P-C bond which is of major importance in the stereochemical studies of the unsaturated phosphines and phosphine chalcogenides., (Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The dried preparation of bifidumbacterin was administered to newborn infant during 4-6 days of their stay in a maternity clinic. The test group consisted of 110 infants and the control group, of 115 infants. Bacteriological studies indicated that the administration of bifidumbacterin produced a positive effect on the formation of the intestinal microflora in infants. During the first 3 months of life the registered cases of acute enteric infections among the children of the test group were 3 times less frequent than among the children of the control group. A perceptible prophylactic effect produced by this preparation with respect to purulent septic infections of the skin and the buccal mucosa was also noted.

Materials obtained in the study of conditions for contacting acute enteric infections of uncertain etiology, based on the analysis of the age structure of patients, the structure of clinical diagnoses and the monthly dynamics of cases registered in one of the districts of Moscow for 3 years (1984-1986), are presented. An important role of the alimentary factor in the spread acute enteric infections of uncertain etiology among the population of different age groups and everyday contacts in the spread of such infections among young children has been shown. The authors put forward a suggestion concerning the formation of natural immunity to infective agents, serving as etiological factors in the development of enteric infections of uncertain etiology, in children of preschool age.

Distinct differences in a number of biological properties between S. typhimurium hospital strains and cultures of animal origin have been revealed. During 1975-1980 changes in the fermentation of lysine were observed in hospital strains and the retarded fermentation of sorbitol was revealed in strains of animal origin. S. typhimurium 1R, a new highly virulent biovariant resistant to antibiotics, and enzymatic varieties of biovar 11S were isolated. The nonstability of enzymatic differences between hospital strains and cultures of animal origin necessitates their constant observation in order to differentiate these cultures for the purpose of epidemic analysis. Complete correlation between the properties of cultures circulating on a limited territory and the character of morbidity in Salmonella infection demonstrates the epidemiological importance of the intraspecific differentiation tests under study.