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This paper describes the further development of the virtual flow meter concept based on the author's simulator of an unsteady gas–liquid flow in wells. The results of comparison with commercial simulators based on real well data are given as practical applications. The results of the comparison of the simulators demonstrated high correspondence (<10% error) for a number of target parameters. The description of the architecture and results of testing the algorithm for automatic settings of the model parameters are given. Operating speed was the key criterion in the architecture development. According to the test results, it became possible to achieve the adaptation accuracy of 5% specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the problem of bribery and corruption in towns in the south of Ukraine between the end of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The main focus is on the activities of public officials and deputies of municipal self-government. It is noted that the flourishing state of corruption and bribery in the region began to form under the conditions of the new socio-cultural situation that resulted from the fast processes of incorporation, colonization, adaptation, and modernization. The distance from the centre weakened control on the part of the State, and therefore corruption and bribery acquired new forms in the south of Ukraine in comparison with other regions of the Russian Empire. Also regional features of the flourishing state of corruption and bribery have been noted. Conclusions are made that corruption and bribery became usual occurrences of local life against which municipal communities came out, permanently forming an interaction mechanism with civil society. It is also noted that the struggle of local communities with different cases of bribery had practical results: a lot of officials were punished, and eventually sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the research of Jewish population conditions in southern towns of Ukraine during the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XX centuries. Jewish population constituted a substantial part of southern towns' population during the studied period. That is why the participation of the Jews in cultural, national and municipal life of southern Ukrainian towns is analyzed. Employment of the Jews in towns is characterized, too. The South of Ukraine from a legal point of view of the Russian Empire was marked as a limit for Jewish settlement, so the details of their participation in self-government are analyzed. The problem of the Jews' participation in urbanization and modernization of the Southern Ukraine region is studied taken separately. Demographic changes in a part of Jewish population and in regard to their correlation in municipal councils are also characterized. The conclusions are made concerning the role of the Jews in urbanization of the Southern Ukraine region and their activity in municipal self-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to improve the solubility of various anti-HIV APIs extruding them with polyvinyl alcohol to allow a reduction in patient drug burden. There are no previously known cases of successful use of this polymer to improve the solubility of APIs using a convenient industrial technology. Anti-HIV API solid dispersion samples were obtained using hot melt extrusion with polyvinyl alcohol, and were studied with solubility testing, as well as various methods of confirming amorphousness (differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction). This study confirmed the presence of amorphousness and a significant increase in the solubility of the API in various dissolution media. According to the obtained data, the best samples were selected and utilized in tablet formulations, which successfully passed in vitro dissolution testing. The results of in vitro dissolution testing showed the improvement of dissolution kinetics for all APIs. These results showed the usefulness of hot melt extrusion with polyvinyl alcohol in a ratio of at least 1-3 or 1-5 for the studied APIs and improved the dissolution kinetics of the proposed tablet formulations compared to the controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]