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Check dams have been used worldwide for a variety of purposes. With increasing age, check dams gradually lose their sediment trapping function via the continuous deposition of material carried by debris flows and flash floods, and eventually, check dams become unable to perform the designed mitigation function. In this paper, the sediment deposit evolution in a dam with multiple debris flow surges and its influence on the sediment trapping effect were investigated. The results showed that the debris flow deposition process can be divided into three phases: the backwater-controlled deposition phase, landform-controlled deposition phase, and quasi-equilibrium phase. The sediment trapping ratio of the check dam gradually decreased as the deposit volume increased and was linearly negatively correlated with the sediment deposition rate. Moreover, a mathematical model describing the negative feedback between deposit volume and sediment trapping ratio was established, and the physical meanings of the coefficients in the model and their empirical values were clarified. Furthermore, the deposit distribution, which satisfied the Weibull distribution in the longitudinal direction, was revealed. In the cross-sectional direction, the distribution of deposition gradually became uneven with increasing sediment filling rate.

BackgroundSynbiotics, combining specific probiotics and selected prebiotics, may benefit health issues like obesity, but evidence remains inconsistent.ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the effect of a pre-screened synbiotics combination [containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)] on obesity in the population.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 individuals with obesity consumed daily synbiotics (containing MN-Gup 1 × 1011 CFU/day, GOS 0.7 g/day, and XOS 0.7 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Body composition, blood lipids, serum hormone, bile acids, and gut microbiota were measured pre-and post-intervention.ResultsSynbiotics supplementation significantly decreased body fat percentage, waist, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increased peptide YY, cholecystokinin, oxyntomodulin, GSH (glutathione peroxidase) in individuals with obesity. Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria and bile acids chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Bifidobacterium and Romboutsia were significantly positively correlated with CDCA. A more favorable effect was observed in individuals with obesity and abnormal LDL-C compared to those without dyslipidemia.ConclusionTwelve-week synbiotics intervention reduced body fat percentage, waist, and serum LDL-C, especially in individuals with obesity and abnormal LDL-C. The possible mechanisms may be related to changes in gut microbiota, bile acids and gut hormones.Clinical trial registrationChictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200064156.

In light of the increasingly adverse environmental conditions and the concomitant challenges to the survival of important crops, there is a pressing need to enhance the resilience of pepper seedlings to extreme weather. Carotenoid plays an important role in plants’ resistance to abiotic stress. Nevertheless, the relationship between carotenoid biosynthesis and sweet pepper seedlings’ resistance to different abiotic stresses remains uncertain. In this study, the carotenoid content in abiotic-stressed sweet pepper seedling roots was determined, revealing that carotenoid content was extremely significantly elevated by more than 16-fold under salt stress, followed by drought stress (8-fold), and slightly elevated by only about 1-fold under waterlogging stress. After that, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was found to be the suitable reference gene (RG) in sweet pepper seedling roots under different abiotic stresses by using RT-qPCR and RefFinder analysis. Subsequently, using PP2A as the RG, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression level of most genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis was extremely significantly up-regulated in sweet pepper seedlings under salt and drought stress. Specifically, violoxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) was significantly up-regulated by more than 481- and 36-fold under salt and drought stress, respectively; lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) was significantly up-regulated by more than 840- and 23-fold under salt and drought stress, respectively. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway serving as a major source of retrograde signals in pepper subjected to different abiotic stresses.

Abstract The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens highlights the urgent need to approach this global burden with alternative strategies. Cefiderocol (Fetroja®) is a clinically-used sideromycin, that is utilized for the treatment of severe drug-resistant infections, caused by Gram-negative bacteria; there is evidence of cefiderocol-resistance occurring in bacterial strains however. To increase the efficacy and extend the life-span of sideromycins, we demonstrate strong synergisms between cefiderocol and metallodrugs (e.g., colloidal bismuth citrate (CBS)), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Moreover, CBS enhances cefiderocol efficacy against biofilm formation, suppresses the resistance development in P. aeruginosa and resensitizes clinically isolated resistant P. aeruginosa to cefiderocol. Notably, the co-therapy of CBS and cefiderocol significantly increases the survival rate of mice and decreases bacterial loads in the lung in a murine acute pneumonia model. The observed phenomena are partially attributable to the competitive binding of Bi3+ to cefiderocol with Fe3+, leading to enhanced uptake of Bi3+ and reduced levels of Fe3+ in cells. Our studies provide insight into the antimicrobial potential of metallo-sideromycins.

Melanoma is the most aggressive and malignant form of skin cancer. Current melanoma treatment methods generally suffer from frequent drug administration as well as difficulty in direct monitoring of drug release. Here, a self-monitoring microneedle (MN)-based drug delivery system, which integrates a dissolving MN patch with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active PATC microparticles, is designed to achieve light-controlled pulsatile chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of melanoma. The PATC polymeric particles, termed D/I@PATC, encapsulate both of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG). Upon light illumination, PATC gradually dissociates into smaller particles, causing the release of encapsulated DOX and subsequent fluorescence intensity change of PATC particles, thereby not only enabling direct observation of the drug release process under light stimuli, but also facilitating verification of drug release by fluorescence recovery after light trigger. Moreover, encapsulation of ICG in PATC particles displays significant improvement of its photothermal stability both in vitro and in vivo. In a tumor-bearing mouse, the application of one D/I@PATC MN patch combining with two cycles of light irradiation showed excellent controllable chemo-photothermal efficacy and exhibited ∼97% melanoma inhibition rate without inducing any evident systemic toxicity, suggesting a great potential for skin cancer treatment in clinics.

In this paper, a method for rapid detection of cordycepin in food was established based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis method. The surface-enhanced Raman substrates were screened and the Raman detection conditions and sample pretreatment methods were optimized. The optimal substrate was gold nanocolloid, and the optimal detection conditions were as follows: the addition amount of gold nanocolloid was 200 μL of gold nanocolloid and the sample addition amount was 5 μL. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of cordycepin was 1 mg/L, and the sample pretreatment was performed by methanol extraction. Based on the established surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method, cordycepin in two Cordyceps militaris was detected, which confirmed the practical application of this method.

ABSTRACT: Pasteurization is carried out in dairy industries to kill harmful bacteria present in raw milk. However, endospore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus, cannot be completely eliminated by pasteurization. In this study, a total of 114 Bacillus strains were isolated from 133 pasteurized milk samples. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the percentage of Bacillus with intrinsic resistance to ampicillin and penicillin were 80 and 86%, respectively. Meanwhile, some Bacillus isolates had acquired resistance, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance (10 isolates), clindamycin resistance (8 isolates), erythromycin resistance (2 isolates), and tetracycline resistance (1 isolate). To further locate these acquired resistance genes, the plasmids were investigated in these 16 Bacillus strains. The plasmid profile indicated that Bacillus cereus BA008, BA117, and BA119 harbored plasmids, respectively. Subsequently, the Illumina Novaseq PE150 was applied for the genomic and plasmid DNA sequencing. Notably, the gene tetL encoding tetracycline efflux protein was found to be located on plasmid pBC46-TL of B. cereus BA117. In vitro conjugative transfer indicated that pBC46-TL can be transferred into Bacillus invictae BA142, Bacillus safensis BA143, and Bacillus licheniformis BA130. The frequencies were of 1.5 × 10−7 to 1.7 × 10−5 transconjugants per donor cells. Therefore, Bacillus strains with acquired antibiotic resistance may represent a potential risk for the spread of antibiotic resistance between Bacillus and other clinical pathogens via horizontal gene transfer.

Despite the advances in contraceptives, there is still a high rate of unintended pregnancies worldwide, due in large part to the lack of effective, convenient, and safe birth control methods. Compared with short-acting contraceptives, approaches that offer long-term pregnancy protection have attracted greater interest because of the reduced dosing frequency and improved patient compliance. As a novel transdermal drug delivery system, the microneedle (MN) patch has been widely used for a variety of biomedical applications, including long-acting contraception, due to unique properties, such as painless self-administration and elimination of biohazardous waste. In this review we provide a systemic review of MN patches that have been utilized for long-term contraception, including dissolvable MN patches, polymeric biodegradable MN patches, and silk fibroin-based biodegradable MN patches. The acceptability and biosafety of these contraceptive MN patches are also discussed. Finally, we give our perspectives on the future clinical translation of MN patches for long-acting contraception.

FK506 has been widely used to prevent acute rejection in heart transplantation (HT). However, its strong hydrophobicity, poor bioavailability, high pharmacokinetic variability, and narrow therapeutic window are obstacles to its application in HT. It has been demonstrated that localized and sustained immunosuppressant delivery may be a suitable route for FK506 administration. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a FK506-loaded microneedle (FK506 MN) in the treatment of acute rejection in HT. The physicochemical properties of FK506 MN were evaluated, and it exhibited constant release over the course of at least 9 days with a 94.6 % cumulative release rate. Also, the FK506 MN treatment could successfully alleviate acute rejection and prolong allograft survival compared with the untreated group (mean survival time, 12.33 versus 7.25 days). Furthermore, T cell and macrophage infiltration as well as secretion of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ were dramatically reduced in the FK506 MN group. As expected, no hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity were observed after the application of FK506 MN. Taken together, FK506 MN based drug delivery system provides a novelty strategy to deliver FK506 in heart transplantation, which may be also suitable for other organ transplantations in the future.

Objective:. This study is aimed to analyze the long-term safety and effectiveness of second-generation cryoballoon (CB2) ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods:. Data from 760 consecutive patients in the Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from August 2016 to December 2018 with drug-refractory symptomatic AF undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using CB2 were assessed. Procedure-related safety and freedom from AF and atrial flutter/atria tachycardia through 3 years were determined. The risk factors related to atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence were analyzed. Results:. Acute PVI was achieved in 100% of the 760 patients. Radiofrequency application for additional focal ablation was needed in 11 (1.4%) patients and for 14 pulmonary veins (0.5%, 14/(760 × 4)) to achieve PVI. A total of 748 patients, including 539 with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and 209 with persistent AF (SAF) completed the follow-up, and only 12 (1.6%) patients were lost. The mean follow-up duration was (19 ± 8) months. The rate of major complications was 0.9%, including 0.8% of right phrenic nerve injury, which resolved before discharge. Freedom from all tachyarrhythmias was achieved in 75.0%, 69.4%, and 63.2% of patients with PAF, respectively, at 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up, and in 75.1%, 67.4%, and 60.9% for SAF, with no significant differences between the PAF and SAF groups. AF course and the rate of body weight gain were independent risk factors for recurrence at 12 months after ablation (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion:. PVI using CB2 has a high acute success rate and good safety in the treatment of PAF and SAF. Long course of AF and weight gain after ablation were independent risk factors for recurrence.

Container terminal yards are automated terminal yards. The rail-mounted gantry crane (RMGC) and rail-mounted gantry crane tracks (RMGCTs) that frequently operate in terminal yards need to be inspected regularly to ensure the safe operation of container transportation in the yard. This paper proposes a framework for the path planning of RMGCT visual inspection using a UAV in container terminal yards in a port environment. The framework consisted of two main aspects. First, a global path to all inspection viewpoints was planned according to the inspection requirements using the A* algorithm and the improved minimum snap method. Second, the intelligent bidirectional rapidly exploring random trees star (IB-RRT*) algorithm was introduced to plan the local path during the flight of the UAV. Finally, the feasibility of the path-planning framework was demonstrated using simulation experiments.

With excessive nitrogen (N) input, high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are frequently observed in greenhouse vegetable fields. We hypothesized that the underlying production mechanisms can be derived across a wide selection of vegetable fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Thus, we investigated the emission characteristics and relative contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and other microbial processes to the N2O production from five long-term greenhouse vegetable fields through an incubation experiment with combined inhibition methods. The results showed that the ammonia oxidation process is the dominant contributor to N2O production at all five sites, accounting for 88–97% of the total N2O emissions. Regardless of acidic, neutral, or alkaline soil, AOA-driven N2O emission rates were consistently higher than AOB-driven N2O emission rates. Both AOA-driven and AOB-driven N2O emissions exhibited positive correlations with soil pH, with significant increases in soil N2O production associated with high pH levels. Therefore, general production mechanisms were derived, such that more attention should be paid to AOA-driven N2O emissions and to vegetable soils with a relatively high pH in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Animal robots have remarkable advantages over traditional mechatronic ones in terms of energy supply, self-orientation, and natural concealment and can provide remarkable theoretical and practical values for scientific investigation, community service, military detection and other fields. Given these features, animal robots have become high-profile research objects and have recently attracted extensive attention. Herein, we have defined animal robots, reviewed the main types of animal robots, and discussed the potential developing directions. We have also detailed the mechanisms underlying the regulation of animal robots and introduced key methods for manipulating them. We have further proposed several application prospects for different types of animal robots. Finally, we have presented research directions for their further improvement.

Microneedle (MN) patches have become an appealing approach for transdermal drug delivery due to their unique properties, such as enabling self-administration, causing no pain, increasing patient compliance, eliminating biohazardous sharps disposal and avoiding risk of needle-stick injury. Although dissolvable MN patches have achieved great success in bolus drug delivery in the skin, rapidly separable MN patches have recently attracted strong interest, especially in the treatment of chronic diseases, because of the short application time, long-acting efficacy and less frequent administration. In this review, we summarized three types of rapidly separable long-acting MN patches with different working mechanisms, followed by discussion of biomedical applications of those MN patches, including antigen delivery for vaccination, contraceptives delivery for long-term contraception, insulin delivery for diabetes treatment, ocular drug delivery for long-term therapy of ocular diseases, anti-tumor drug delivery for cancer therapy, pain relief drug delivery for analgesia, drug delivery for bacterial killing, and anti-obesity drug delivery for weight loss. Finally, we provided our perspectives on the future development of rapidly separable long-acting MN patches.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of global concern characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Many studies found that glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that can alleviate hyperglycemia and T2D. Recently, probiotics and their combination with prebiotics have been found to show great potentials of blood glucose regulation and T2D alleviation. Given the important role of GLP-1 in T2D, screening probiotics with the capacity of promoting GLP-1 secretion is of great help for providing a novel application of T2D treatment. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of three probiotics, namely, Lactobacillus paracasei LC-37 (LC-37), Bifidobacterium animals MN-Gup (MN-Gup), and Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 (BBMN68), and their combination with prebiotics on promoting GLP-1 secretion using NCI-H716 cells. The results showed that LC-37 and MN-Gup could stimulate more GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells, but BBMN68 had no significant effect. Further evaluation suggested that the two combinations of LC-37 with isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and MN-Gup with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) had the best performance on promoting GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Subsequently, the effects of the two combinations on promoting GLP-1 secretion and alleviating T2D were investigated in vivo using high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. The results showed that the two combinations could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve insulin resistance, and modulate serum lipid profiles in HFD/STZ-treated rats. These results will help understand the potential of promoting GLP-1 secretion of LC-37 and MN-Gup and provide theoretical basis for their applications in fermented milk or other foods.

Most of the power transformer fault diagnostic researches so far focuses on its fault type diagnosis, but there are less related researches on fault positioning, and the diagnostic methods of which are still less intelligent. This paper proposes a two-dimensional Hilbert ID considering multi-window feature extraction for deep vision fault positioning of the transformer winding. Firstly, sweep frequency response data containing complex fault characteristics is obtained based on pspice simulation. Next, a multi-window feature extraction method with logarithmic constraints is introduced to process the original data to obtain feature sequences. Then the proposed Hilbert visualization is used to further highlight the graphic feature of the feature sequences, and obtain Hilbert ID (MAPE) dataset. Finally, it is used to conduct transfer learning on the convolutional neural network. Different intelligent positioning methods are compared, and the proposed deep vision fault positioning method is 6.51% higher than other methods on average. What's more, the positioning effects based on different data processing methods are also compared. The accuracy of the proposed Hibert ID (MAPE) dataset is 10.35% higher than the other data processing methods on average. Finally, the positioning accuracy of Hilbert ID (MAPE+CC) combining two feature sequences can reach 96.09%, having an increase of 2.50%.

Prognostics and health management (PHM) for electronic devices is intricate yet crucial in an era of electricity. The impending future of electric vehicles and clean energy requires more in-depth scrutiny and monitoring of their storage elements, lithium-ion batteries. State-of-health (SOH), as one of the most evident indicators for battery degradation quantifications, is a matter of vital importance that worths more attention. In this regard, this article proposes a novel SOH prognostics framework for lithium-ion batteries considering the limitations in the recorded measurements through the use of linear statistical k-nearest neighbors (LSKNN) data interpolation, maximal information entropy search (MIES), and collective sparse variational Gaussian process regression (CSVGPR). First, the incomplete charging measurements are processed by LSKNN to infer the missing data points and suppress the unanticipated noises in the extracted temporal features, which indicate the trend of degradation. Then, the MIES scheme is proposed to filter the features that are extraneous to the SOHs of the corresponding batteries and that greatly correlate to the other features in the feature set. Finally, the CSVGPR model, considering the uncertainties within each of the sparse variational Gaussian processes, is utilized to implement SOH prognosis. The proposed framework is verified by a subset of the repository from NASA. In the test, multiple prognostics comparisons of inner-battery tests, cross-battery tests, and tests with other statistical learning methods are presented. The experiment results lend support to the superiority and effectiveness of the work.

In order to assess the impact of the Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred on 8 August 2017 on vegetation, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model was adopted to estimate the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) of Jiuzhaigou Valley, one of the World Heritage Sites, in July, August and September from 2015 to 2019. Then the characteristics of the impact of different earthquake-induced geohazards on vegetation were discussed, and a vulnerability-resilience assessment system concerning the seismic intensity was proposed. The results show that the NPPmax and NPPmean values in Jiuzhaigou Valley first decreased and then increased and were 151.5–261.9 gC/m2 and 54.6–116.3 gC/m2, respectively. The NPP value of more than 70% area was 90–150 gC/m2 in July. In August, the NPPmean values decreased, and the areas with lower values became larger; the NPPmean values of most areas affected by geohazards were 60–150 gC/m2. During the earthquake, the NPPmean values of areas hit by geohazards sharply declined by 27.2% (landslide), 22.4% (debris flow) and 15.7% (collapse) compared with those in the same month in 2016. Vegetation in debris flow zones showed a stronger recovery, with a maximum NPP value increase of about 23.0% in September 2017. The vegetation gradually recovered after the earthquake, as indicated by the uptrend of the NPP values in the corresponding period in 2018 and 2019. In general, the reduction magnitude of NPP values decreased year by year in comparison to that in 2015 and 2016, and the decrease slowed down after the earthquake. The vulnerability and resilience index corresponding to the three seismic intensity ranges were 0.470–0.669 and 0.642–0.693, respectively, and those of Jiuzhaigou Valley were 0.473 and 0.671, respectively. The impact coefficient defined to represent the impact of the earthquake on NPP was 0.146–0.213. This paper provides a theoretical reference and guidance for the impact assessment of earthquakes on the ecosystem.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. Owing to its highly infiltrative nature and restrictive blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), the current treatment strategies, including surgery and the following chemoradiotherapy, offer very low efficacy. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop novel multifunctional theranostic agents for visualized diagnosis and treatment of GBM. In this work, a phototheranostic nanoprobe (CH4T@MOF-PEG-AE), constructed of Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles loaded with a small-molecule near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorophore (CH4T), is rationally designed and modified with tumor-targeting AE105 peptide for efficiently targeting the over-expressed urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) on GBM. The nanoplatform combines advantages of high penetration depth of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with high detection sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution of NIR-II fluorescence imaging, enabling it to diagnose and delineate GBM accurately. Besides, in vivo studies reveal that CH4T@MOF-PEG-AE can realize MR/NIR-II imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT), achieving successful ablation of U87MG tumors. More importantly, the nanoprobes can efficiently transport across the BBTB facilitated by active tumor-targeting and enrich in the orthotopic GBM tumors, being capable of guiding the surgical resection of GBM via real-time intraoperative NIR-II imaging. Our work provides new insights into developing theranostic nanoplatforms for efficient diagnosis and treatment of GBM.

Objective. To explore the quantitative adjustment of ablation index (AI) under different baseline impedance to achieve similar lesion dimensions. Methods. (1) Keeping the AIs relatively constant, the lesion dimensions in different baseline impedances were studied. (2) According to Joule's law, Q = I2RT, keeping the current (I) unchanged, the powers corresponding to different baseline impedances can be obtained. Under different baseline impedances and corresponding powers, the swine hearts were ablated for 30 s in simulated human circumstances. The baseline impedances, the lesion dimensions, and AIs were recorded. And the derivation of empirical formula was achieved according to the AIs and baseline impedance values in similar lesions dimension. (3) Basic AI and baseline impedance (AI0/R0) were set as 400/120 Ω in the common AI groups and 550/120 Ω in the high AI groups, AI values in different baseline impedances were calculated using the empirical formula, and the corresponding lesion dimensions were measured to verify this formula. Results. (1) Higher baseline impedances were related to smaller lesion dimensions at similar AIs. (2) The lesion dimensions were roughly the same after modulating the baseline impedance and power to keep the electric current relatively constant. The relationship between AI and R fitted with experimental data is AI = 1.9933R + 203.61 (r = 0.9649), and the formula derived is ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR. (3) Under the guidance of the empirical formula, there was no significant difference in lesion dimensions between the standard group and the formula guiding groups when AI0 = 400, but there was a shrinking tendence when AI > 700. Conclusion. The lesion depths are negatively correlated with baseline impedance at a certain AI. The relationship between baseline impedance and AI is “ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR”. It is verified that when the AI is not too high, the empirical formula can be used to guide the quantitative adjustment of AIs at different baseline impedance, and the lesion depths achieved are roughly the same.

Abstract Background We previously found that overexpression of the gene known as amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, the role of AIB1 in that malignancy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the function of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis. Methods A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to elucidate the function of AIB1, while real-time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to identify the potential downstream targets of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Rescue experiments and in vitro assays were performed to investigate whether the invasiveness of AIB1-induced lung adenocarcinoma was mediated by C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Results The ectopic overexpression of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells substantially enhanced cell migration and invasive abilities in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas the depletion of AIB1 expression substantially inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion. CXCR4 was identified as a potential downstream target of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma. The knockdown of AIB1 greatly reduced CXCR4 gene expression at both the transcription and protein levels, whereas the knockdown of CXCR4 in cells with AIB1 ectopic overexpression diminished AIB1-induced migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association between the expression of AIB1 and CXCR4 in lung adenocarcinoma patients (183 cases), and the co-overexpression of AIB1 and CXCR4 predicted the poorest prognosis. Conclusions These findings suggest that AIB1 promotes the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo by upregulating CXCR4 and that it might be usable as a novel prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target for this disease.

This paper mainly analyzes the current situation of e-commerce in domestic SMEs and points out that there are limited initial investment and difficulty in financing in China’s SMEs; e-commerce control is not scientific; e-commerce personnel of SMEs are not of high quality, in the case of improper setting of the e-commerce sector and shortage of talents, rigid management model, and outdated management concepts. By using the loss function and the value chain management theory of the deep learning in the stationary wavelet domain residual learning model, the e-commerce model of SMEs is newly constructed, and the e-commerce department as the core department of the enterprise is proposed. By training the optimal parameters of the deep residual network and comparing the results with other models, the method of this paper has a good effect against the sample. The original loss function based on the residual learning model deep learning is modified to solve the original model fuzzy problem, which improves the effect and has good robustness. Finally, based on the wavelet residual depth residual evaluation method, this paper evaluates the application effect of this model and proposes relevant suggestions for improving this model, including rationalizing and perfecting the external value chain coordination mechanism, establishing the e-commerce value chain sharing center, and promoting integration of e-commerce business, strengthening measures and recommendations in various aspects of e-commerce information construction. At last, taking the business activities of a company as an example, applying the theory described in this paper to specific practice proves the feasibility and practical value of the theory.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and its poor prognosis is predominantly attributed to distant metastasis. The liver is the primary site of GC metastasis. However, there is no universally approved treatment regimen for liver metastasis in GC. The aim of this article is to review the current research status and trends of liver metastasis of GC worldwide. Methods: The authors utilized the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify articles on liver metastasis from GC published between 2000 and 2022. The authors used bibliometric methods to analyze authors, institutions, countries, journals, and references through CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 1003 articles were included in this study. Results: Japan published the most articles in the field, followed by China. Nagoya University is the leading institution in the field of liver metastases in GC. Yasuhiro Kodera from Japan has made significant achievements in this area. The authors identified GC to be the most influential journal in this field. Using cluster analysis, the keywords were divided into four major clusters:(1) the molecular mechanism of GC liver metastasis, (2) prognosis, (3) liver resection, and (4) chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our study systematically summarizes the results of GC liver metastasis research from 2000 to 2022 and describes and predicts research hotspots and trends on a global scale. Research on the molecular mechanisms of GC liver metastasis will become a hot topic in the future, and the expansion of the surgical treatment scope and the advancement of translational therapy will benefit more patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]