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Based on the bibliometric method, relevant research literature in the field of cranberry food included in the CNKI database from 2013 to 2023 was searched and further analyzed. A total of 444 Chinese and English literatures were obtained through screening, and CiteSpace software was used to analyze the current research status and hotspots in this field from the perspectives of annual publication volume, issuing journals, countries, authors and their institutions, as well as co-occurrences, clustering, and emergent words of keywords. The results showed that the overall trend of the number of publications from 2013 to 2023 was stable, with an average of about 40 publications per year. The journal with the highest number of publications was Food Chemistry (25), which accounted for 6% of the total literature, followed by Food & Function (22) and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (20). The top 3 countries in terms of the number of articles published were the United States, Poland, and Canada. The author with the most postings was Christina Khoo (17), a researcher from Ocean Spray, USA. The keyword analysis in the CNKI database showed that the keywords with the highest frequency were cranberry, proanthocyanidins, cranberry juice, bioactive components, urinary tract infection, antioxidant properties, intestinal microbiota and processing, health functions, and so on. The hotspots of the literature research in the field of cranberry food were mostly focused on the study of cranberry composition and function, and the exploration of the application of new processed products such as cranberry juice in the food industry. By comprehensively analyzing the literature in the CNKI database, this article can point out the direction for researchers in China cranberry food industry to engage in related research, and provide data references and help in predicting the future development trend of the industry.

Background: Hip dislocation represents a significant complication encountered following hip arthroplasty procedures. In this investigation, we conducted a comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics exhibited by the piriformis and the conjoined tendon after total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA), utilizing cadaveric specimens. The objective is to ascertain the relative significance of the piriformis muscle and the conjoined tendon in mitigating hip dislocation. Methods: A total of 16 hip joints from 8 freshly frozen cadavers were selected and stratified into 2 groups: the piriformis tendon (PT) group and the conjoined tendon (CT) group. Following THA via the DAA, measurements were taken to record the torque required to induce hip dislocation under various conditions. Torque readings were obtained with the tendon in its intact state (intact group) and after preservation or reconstruction of either the PT or the CT. Results: The torques of anterior and posterior dislocation in PT group were 22.24 ± 4.53 N.m and 30.7 ± 15.5 N.m following tendon severed, and 20.04 ± 2.67 N.m and 17.5 ± 6.7 N.m following reconstruction. There were no differences compared to the intact group. The torque decreased in the CT group after CT was severed with the torques dropping from 31.2 ± 7.6 N.m to 8.18 ± 2.6 N.m (P < .0001) for anterior dislocation, and from 34.9 ± 8.3 N.m to 9.8 ± 2.8 N.m (P < .0001) for posterior dislocation. Following reconstruction, the torque required for dislocation significantly increased (P < .0001). Conclusions: This study underscores the preeminent role of the CT in ensuring hip stability following THA via DAA, highlighting the cruciality of its preservation and reconstruction during surgical interventions.

Background: Long-term effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution on chronic liver disease (CLD) remain unclear. Thus, the study was conducted to investigate the relationship between prolonged exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and household fuel usage with CLD. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) covering the years 2011 to 2020 were employed. In the cross-sectional analysis, 16,680 participants were included, while 12,969 participants were enrolled in the longitudinal study. The associations between various sizes of particulate matter and CLD were elucidated using logistic regression model and generalized linear-mixed models. Additionally, the additive effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) levels and the utilization of solid fuels for cooking were investigated, with a comparison of effect sizes between converted and non-converted fuel types. Results: Over a 10-year follow-up period, 746 (5.75 %) individuals developed CLD. For a 1-year average concentrations, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were each linked to a 1.549 (95 %CI:1.522–1.576), 1.296 (95 %CI:1.276–1.317) and 1.134 (95 %CI:1.118–1.150) fold risk of incident CLD per 10 μg/m3 increase, respectively. A similar effect of PM concentrations over a 2-year period on CLD was observed. Moreover, simultaneous exposure to ambient PM and solid fuels is associated with an increased risk of CLD. Those who continue using solid fuels may face a higher risk of CLD compared to individuals who switch to cleaner cooking fuels. Female participants, smokers, and individuals with shorter sleep duration and multiple chronic diseases exhibited slightly stronger effects. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to various sizes of PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) has been linked to an elevated risk of CLD incidence. Co-exposure to ambient PM and solid fuels is associated with higher health risks.

The challenge associated with depositing high-strength steel using the arc deposition method lies in the propensity for hardened microstructures to form during the deposition process. This hardened microstructure can lead to a decrease in material toughness and potentially cause cold cracks. Fortunately, oxide metallurgy technology is expected to address this issue. Specifically, nano oxides can refine the grain and induce the formation of intracrystalline ferrite, thereby enhancing steel's toughness. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, a study was conducted on the morphology and structure of oxygen-containing second-phase particles generated in parts made from H13 steel wire modified with Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2. Additionally, the impact of these oxygen-containing second-phase particles on microstructure transformation was investigated. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) The arc's high temperature causes complex reactions among the oxides in the molten pool, ultimately resulting in the formation of oxygen-containing second-phase particles with a unique core-shell structure. The size and composition of these particles vary within the interdendritic and intradendritic regions due to element segregation. (2) Through in-situ observations, this study discovered that oxygen-containing second-phase particles promote the nucleation of high-temperature ferrite and austenite. This promotes grain refinement and induces the formation of intracrystalline ferrite, which positively impacts material toughness. (3) The driving force for ferrite phase transformation induced by oxygen-containing second-phase particles may stem from the Mn-depleted zone surrounding the particles and the low mismatch between the VC outer layer of the particles and the ferrite.

Adhesives have emerged as an effective method for wound closure, hemostasis and tissue engineering in recent years, which not only are suitable for the adhesion of wet tissues, but also can adapt to the peristalsis and mechanical stretching of tissues and organs, especially for arteries and organize bleeding. With the further development of technology, existing adhesives can be modified through different strategies, and new materials are explored, giving new properties and uses to adhesives, such as drug delivery, temperature sensitivity, light sensitivity and so on. Nevertheless, there are many questions about the design and practical clinical application of adhesives in the future. The recent research progress of traditional adhesives and their application in hemostasis is reviewed, and the design and development ideas of future adhesives are discussed in the study.

Abstract Diabetic wounds cannot undergo normal wound healing due to changes in the concentration of hyperglycemia in the body and soon evolve into chronic wounds causing amputation or even death of patients. Diabetic wounds directly affect the quality of patients and social medical management; thus researchers started to focus on skin transplantation technology. The acellular fish skin grafts (AFSGs) are derived from wild fish, which avoids the influence of human immune function and the spread of the virus through low‐cost decellularization. AFSGs contain a large amount of collagen and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and they have an amazing effect on wound regeneration. However, after our search in major databases, we found that there were few research trials in this field, and only one was clinically approved. Therefore, we summarized the advantages of AFSGs and listed the problems faced in clinical use. The purpose of this paper is to enable researchers to better carry out original experiments at various stages.

Abstract High heritability and strong correlation have been observed in breast and ovarian cancers. However, their shared genetic architecture remained unclear. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and heritability estimation from summary statistics (ρ-HESS) were applied to estimate heritability and genetic correlations. Bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) was used to qualify the polygenic overlap. Then, stratified-LDSC (S-LDSC) was used to identify tissue and cell type specificity. Meanwhile, the adaptive association test called MTaSPUsSet was performed to identify potential pleiotropic genes. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) heritability was 13% for breast cancer and 5% for ovarian cancer. There was a significant genetic correlation between breast and ovarian cancers (rg=0.21). Breast and ovarian cancers exhibited polygenic overlap, sharing 0.4 K out 2.8 K of causal variants. Tissue and cell type specificity displayed significant enrichment in female breast mammary, uterus, kidney tissues, and adipose cell. Moreover, the 74 potential pleiotropic genes were identified between breast and ovarian cancers, which were related to the regulation of cell cycle and cell death. We quantified the shared genetic architecture between breast and ovarian cancers and shed light on the biological basis of the co-morbidity. Ultimately, these findings facilitated the understanding of disease etiology.

Abstract Cerium–lanthanum alloy is widely used in the green energy industry, and the nanoscale smooth surface of this material is in demand. Nanometric cutting is an effective approach to achieving the ultra-precision machining surface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is usually used to reveal the atomic-scale details of the material removal mechanism in nanometric cutting. In this study, the effects of cutting speed and undeformed chip thickness (UCT) on cutting force and subsurface deformation of the cerium–lanthanum alloy during nanometric cutting are analyzed through MD simulation. The results illustrate that the dislocations, stacking faults, and phase transitions occur in the subsurface during cutting. The dislocations are mainly Shockley partial dislocation, and the increase of temperature and pressure during the cutting process leads to the phase transformation of γ-Ce (FCC) into β-Ce (HCP) and δ-Ce (BCC). β-Ce is mainly distributed in the stacking fault area, while δ-Ce is distributed in the boundary area between the dislocation atoms and γ-Ce atoms. The cutting speed and UCT affect the distribution of subsurface damage. A thicker deformed layer including dislocations, stacking faults and phase-transformation atoms on the machined surface is generated with the increase in the cutting speed and UCT. Simultaneously, the cutting speed and UCT significantly affect the cutting force, material removal rate, and generated subsurface state. The fluctuations in the cutting force are related to the generation and disappearance of dislocations. This research first studied the nanometric cutting mechanism of the cerium–lanthanum ally, providing a theoretical basis for the development of ultra-precision machining techniques of these materials.

BackgroundThe common clinical symptoms and immunopathological mechanisms have been observed among multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs), but the shared genetic etiology remains unclear.MethodsGWAS summary statistics of seven ADs were downloaded from Open Targets Genetics and Dryad. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was applied to estimate overall genetic correlations, bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) was used to qualify the polygenic overlap, and stratified-LDSC partitioned heritability to reveal tissue and cell type specific enrichments. Ultimately, we conducted a novel adaptive association test called MTaSPUsSet for identifying pleiotropic genes.ResultsThe high heritability of seven ADs ranged from 0.1228 to 0.5972, and strong genetic correlations among certain phenotypes varied between 0.185 and 0.721. There was substantial polygenic overlap, with the number of shared SNPs approximately 0.03K to 0.21K. The specificity of SNP heritability was enriched in the immune/hematopoietic related tissue and cells. Furthermore, we identified 32 pleiotropic genes associated with seven ADs, 23 genes were considered as novel genes. These genes were involved in several cell regulation pathways and immunologic signatures.ConclusionWe comprehensively explored the shared genetic architecture across seven ADs. The findings progress the exploration of common molecular mechanisms and biological processes involved, and facilitate understanding of disease etiology.

Highlights The introduction of hydroiodic acid (HI) manipulates the dynamic conversion of PbI2 into highly coordinated species to optimize the nucleation and growth kinetics. The addition of HI enables the fabrication of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots with reduced defect density, enhanced crystallinity, higher phase purity, and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. The efficiency of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells was enhanced from 14.07% to 15.72% together with enhanced storage stability. Abstract All-inorganic CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) have demonstrated promising potential in photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, these colloidal perovskites are vulnerable to the deterioration of surface trap states, leading to a degradation in efficiency and stability. To address these issues, a facile yet effective strategy of introducing hydroiodic acid (HI) into the synthesis procedure is established to achieve high-quality QDs and devices. Through an in-depth experimental analysis, the introduction of HI was found to convert PbI2 into highly coordinated [PbIm]2−m, enabling control of the nucleation numbers and growth kinetics. Combined optical and structural investigations illustrate that such a synthesis technique is beneficial for achieving enhanced crystallinity and a reduced density of crystallographic defects. Finally, the effect of HI is further reflected on the PV performance. The optimal device demonstrated a significantly improved power conversion efficiency of 15.72% along with enhanced storage stability. This technique illuminates a novel and simple methodology to regulate the formed species during synthesis, shedding light on further understanding solar cell performance, and aiding the design of future novel synthesis protocols for high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Straw return is a common cultivation to improve soil fertility and realize sustainable agricultural development. However, the effect of returning interval on the corn straw humification process in northeast China is little known. In this study, a four-year field trial was conducted to investigate the characteristics of soil carbon sequestration under the annual deep straw return (T1), the biennial deep straw return (T2), and the non-straw return (T3) in Jilin Province, China. In order to precisely evaluate the soil organic carbon density (SOCD), each soil horizon was divided differently according to the actual situation, rather than a fixed thickness. The results show that both the annual and the biennial deep straw return had a significantly positive influence on the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin in the plough pan (straw-applied horizon), compared to the no-straw return. SOC of the cambic horizon and the C horizon in annual straw return was 28.78%, 47.44% higher than the biennial straw return, but it was 27.58% lower in the plough pan. The SOCD in the plough pan in the biennial straw return was higher than the annual straw return, but their difference in the entire soil profile was not significant. However, the conversion rate of straw carbon to SOC was 18.42% in the annual straw return and 21.05% in the biennial straw return. The straw return amount was not a key factor affecting the SOC sequestration in the cold area; it was restricted by the comprehensive effects of the cold weather, the intensity of soil disturbance, C/V and the initial SOC content. In conclusion, the biennial deep straw return was a better management tool, as it generally had an identical quality and quantity of soil organic carbon and a higher straw conversion rate relative to the annual deep straw return.

Excessive blood loss could lead to pathological conditions such as tissue necrosis, organ failure, and death. The limitations of recently developed hemostatic approaches, such as their low mechanical strength, inadequate wet tissue adhesion, and weak hemostatic activity, pose challenges for their application in controlling visceral bleeding. In this study, a novel hydrogel (CT) made of collagen and tannic acid (TA) was proposed. By altering the proportions between the two materials, the mechanical properties, adhesion, and coagulation ability were evaluated. Compared to commercial hydrogels, this hydrogel has shown reduced blood loss and shorter hemostatic time in rat hepatic and cardiac bleeding models. This was explained by the hydrogel’s natural hemostatic properties and the significant benefits of wound closure in a moist environment. Better biodegradability was achieved through the non-covalent connection between tannic acid and collagen, allowing for hemostasis without hindering subsequent tissue repair. Therefore, this hydrogel is a new method for visceral hemostasis that offers significant advantages in treating acute wounds and controlling major bleeding. And the production method is simple and efficient, which facilitates its translation to clinical applications.

ABSTRACTThe Nav1.9 channel is a voltage-gated sodium channel. It plays a vital role in the generation of pain and the formation of neuronal hyperexcitability after inflammation. It is highly expressed in small diameter neurons of dorsal root ganglions and Dogiel II neurons in enteric nervous system. The small diameter neurons in dorsal root ganglions are the primary sensory neurons of pain conduction. Nav1.9 channels also participate in regulating intestinal motility. Functional enhancements of Nav1.9 channels to a certain extent lead to hyperexcitability of small diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. The hyperexcitability of the neurons can cause visceral hyperalgesia. Intestinofugal afferent neurons and intrinsic primary afferent neurons in enteric nervous system belong to Dogiel type II neurons. Their excitability can also be regulated by Nav1.9 channels. The hyperexcitability of intestinofugal afferent neurons abnormally activate entero-enteric inhibitory reflexes. The hyperexcitability of intrinsic primary afferent neurons disturb peristaltic waves by abnormally activating peristaltic reflexes. This review discusses the role of Nav1.9 channels in intestinal hyperpathia and dysmotility.

Shareholding networks structured in a complex manner create complex control associations. The actual controllers, paths through which control is created between companies, and control scopes of specified companies are all hidden in shareholding networks. The discovery and analysis of these crucial control associations is essential for corporate governance. However, relative to ultimate shareholders’ control power, existing control studies based on the voting game ignore the critical role of intermediate companies in integrating outer shareholders’ votes and transferring control to the inner shareholders. Therefore, a foundation for discovering control associations within networks is lacking. We measure control by considering ultimate shareholders and intermediate companies based on the voting game approach and thus propose the Control Transfer Index (Cti) to measure the strength of the control relationship between any two companies and corresponding Control Transfer Index Calculation (CTIC) algorithm to calculate Cti precisely. Based on it, we propose the concept and algorithm of Crucial Control Path (CCP) to discover more essential control paths between companies. We also propose the concept and algorithm of the Company Control Community (CCC) to identify overlapping company communities that meet the control degree threshold. This study illustrates the effectiveness of these algorithms in identifying actual controllers, discovering control formation paths, and analyzing control scopes by analyzing the aforementioned crucial control associations in the context of control and risk cases.

Abstract Aim We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among US adults through 1999–2018. Additionally, the influence factors of MetS and its control were further explored. Methods We included participants older than 20 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 (n = 22,114). The rate of prevalence, intervention, and control of MetS were caculated by survey weights. Joinpoint regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and influence factors, respectively. Results The prevalence of MetS increased from 28.23 to 37.09% during 1999–2018 (P for trend

Challenges associated with topical analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs include poor drug penetration and retention at the desired lesion site. Therefore, improving these challenges would help to reduce the toxic and side effects caused by drug absorption into the systemic circulation and improve the therapeutic efficacy of topical therapeutic drugs. Pentapeptide (KTTKS) is a signal peptide in skin tissue, it can be recognized and bound by signal recognition particles. In the current study, we successfully prepared novel indomethacin (IMC) loaded KTTKS-modified ethosomes (IMC-KTTKS-Es), and the physicochemical properties and topical efficacy were investigated. Results showed that the prepared IMC-KTTKS-Es displayed a particle size of about 244 nm, a negative charge, good deformability, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) exceeding 80% for IMC, with a sustained release pattern. In vitro percutaneous permeation studies revealed that the skin retention was increased after the drug was loaded in the IMC-KTTKS-Es. Confocal laser scanning microscopy also showed improved skin retention of IMC-KTTKS-Es. In addition, IMC-KTTKS-Es showed improved topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity with no potentially hazardous skin irritation. This study suggested that the IMC-KTTKS-Es might be an effective drug carrier for topical skin therapy with a good safety profile.

Abstract Aims Previous studies investigated the associations between sleep traits and cardiac diseases, but the evidence for the causal inferences was unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between sleep and cardiac diseases by virtue of Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods and results Summary‐level data for exposure variables (sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia) and outcome variables (ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) were derived from UK Biobank. Data from the FinnGen consortium was used as a robustness check. In MR analysis, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was applied to infer causality between exposure and outcome. MR‐Egger regression was used to identify pleiotropy, and MR‐PRESSO outlier test was used to remove the pleiotropy of the genetic instruments. Based on UK Biobank, MR analysis suggested that sleep duration was weakly associated with atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.9999, 95% CI: 0.9998–0.9999) and ischaemic heart disease (OR = 0.9997, 95% CI: 0.9995–0.9998). Insomnia was associated with ischaemic heart disease (OR = 1.0117, 95% CI: 1.0051–1.0183) and myocardial infarction (OR = 1.0049, 95% CI: 1.0019–1.0079). No associations were found between chronotype and cardiac diseases (P > 0.05). We did not find pleiotropy except for insomnia with ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction using MR‐Egger regression, and MR‐PRESSO analysis consistent with IVW. Finally, we obtained the same direction as with UK Biobank using the FinnGen data. Conclusions Sleep duration and insomnia might be the potential causal risk factors of cardiac diseases. As the OR was small, these associations are probably not clinically relevant. Further validation studies are needed.

The modulation of a terahertz (THz) wave on amplitude, phase and polarization is important for the application of THz technology, especially in the field of imaging, and is one of the current research hotspots. Silicon-based, optically excited THz modulator is a wavefront modulation technique with a simple, compact and reconfigurable optical path. It can realize the dynamic modulation of THz wavefronts by only changing the projected two-dimensional pattern, but it still suffers from the problems of lower modulation efficiency and slower modulation rates. In this article, the Drude model in combination with the multiple thin layers structure model and Fresnel matrix method is used to compare the modulation efficiencies of three modulation modes and more factors. The method is more accurate than the popular proposed method, especially when the thickness of the excited photoconductive layers reaches a few hundred microns. In comparing the three modes, namely transmission, ordinary reflection and total internal reflection, it is found the total internal reflection modulation mode has the best modulation efficiency. Further, under this mode, the effects of three factors, including the lifetime of photo-excited carriers, the wavelength of pump light and the frequency of THz wave, on the performance of THz modulator are analyzed. The simulation results show that the realization of total internal reflection using silicon prisms is a simple and effective method to improve the modulation efficiency of a silicon-based optically excited THz modulator, which provides references for the design of a photo-induced THz modulator.

Cancer is a serious disease with an abnormal proliferation of organ tissues; it is characterized by malignant infiltration and growth that affects human life. Traditional cancer therapies such as resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a low cure rate and often cause irreversible damage to the body. In recent years, since the traditional treatment of cancer is still very far from perfect, researchers have begun to focus on non-invasive near-infrared (NIR)-responsive natural macromolecular hydrogel assembly drugs (NIR-NMHADs). Due to their unique biocompatibility and extremely high drug encapsulation, coupling with the spatiotemporal controllability of NIR, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT), photothermal therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IT) has created excellent effects and good prospects for cancer treatment. In addition, some emerging bioengineering technologies can also improve the effectiveness of drug delivery systems. This review will discuss the properties of NIR light, the NIR-functional hydrogels commonly used in current research, the cancer therapy corresponding to the materials encapsulated in them and the bioengineering technology that can assist drug delivery systems. The review provides a constructive reference for the optimization of NIR-NMHAD experimental ideas and its application to human body.

With the continuous development of electric vehicle (EV) technology, there is an increasing need to analyze the factors influencing customers’ purchase intentions. According to the data of customers’ vehicle experience evaluation and personal information, this paper develops the analysis models of influencing factors using the analysis of variance algorithm (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis algorithm. Then, the purchase intention model for EVs is proposed using the random forest method. Finally, the optimization model for the EV sales plan was built. The results show that the main factors influencing customers’ purchases are different for different vehicle brands. However, the customer’s evaluation of the vehicle experience has a greater influence on the customer’s purchase. Compared to other prediction models, the random forest model has the highest accuracy. For 3 EV brands, the prediction accuracies are 97.8%, 98.9%, and 97.6%. In addition, this paper predicts the purchase intentions of 15 customers. By optimizing the sales plans for 3 EV brands, the predicted purchase rate of 15 customers increased from 40% to 53%. The research work contributes to the sales of electric vehicles, the accurate positioning of customers, and the identification of more potential customers.

Instance segmentation is crucial to modern agriculture and the management of pig farms. In practical farming environments, challenges arise due to the mutual adhesion, occlusion, and dynamic changes in body posture among pigs, making accurate segmentation of multiple target pigs complex. To address these challenges, we conducted experiments using video data captured from varying angles and non-fixed lenses. We selected 45 pigs aged between 20 and 105 days from eight pens as research subjects. Among these, 1917 images were meticulously labeled, with 959 images designated for the training set, 192 for validation, and 766 for testing. To enhance feature utilization and address limitations in the fusion process between bottom-up and top-down feature maps within the feature pyramid network (FPN) module of the YOLACT model, we propose a pixel self-attention (PSA) module, incorporating joint channel and spatial attention. The PSA module seamlessly integrates into multiple stages of the FPN feature extraction within the YOLACT model. We utilized ResNet50 and ResNet101 as backbone networks and compared performance metrics, including AP0.5, AP0.75, AP0.5-0.95, and AR0.5-0.95, between the YOLACT model with the PSA module and YOLACT models equipped with BAM, CBAM, and SCSE attention modules. Experimental results indicated that the PSA attention module outperforms BAM, CBAM, and SCSE, regardless of the selected backbone network. In particular, when employing ResNet101 as the backbone network, integrating the PSA module yields a 2.7% improvement over no attention, 2.3% over BAM, 2.4% over CBAM, and 2.1% over SCSE across the AP0.5-0.95 metric. We visualized prototype masks within YOLACT to elucidate the model’s mechanism. Furthermore, we visualized the PSA attention to confirm its ability to capture valuable pig-related information. Additionally, we validated the transfer performance of our model on a top-down view dataset, affirming the robustness of the YOLACT model with the PSA module.

The North China Plain is an important area for agricultural economic development in China. But water shortages, severe groundwater over-exploitation and drought problems make it difficult to exercise the topographic resource advantages of the plain. Therefore, the precise monitoring of soil moisture is of great significance for the rational use of water resources. Soil characteristics vary in natural farmland ecosystems, crops are constrained by multiple compound stresses and the precise extraction of soil moisture stress is a difficult and critical problem. The long time series was decomposed via complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) to obtain different intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, and the statistical descriptors of each component were calculated to realize the precise discrimination of soil moisture stress. A quantitative evaluation model of soil moisture was established, and the different noise addition ratios and modeling types were set respectively to investigate the optimal inversion model. The results showed that: (1) The reconstruction error of the CEEMDAN was small and almost 0; it had a high reconstruction accuracy and was more suitable for the decomposition of the long time series. The first two components, IMF1 and IMF2, were soil moisture stress subsequences, and it could effectively reflect the moisture stress situation. (2) The inversion model performed well when ε was 0.05 and the model type was quadratic, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.98, which gave a better fit and less error. (3) The overall soil moisture content in the study area was low, basically in the range of 6.9% to 15.7%, with the central part, especially the south-central part, being the most affected by soil moisture stress, and the overall impact of soil moisture stress showed a decreasing trend from February to May. The utilization of CEEMDAN further enhances the accuracy of soil moisture inversion in agricultural fields, realizing the effective application of remote sensing observation technology and time-frequency analysis technology in the field of soil moisture research.

Most of the existing studies developed and improved local path planning algorithms independently of global planning, i.e., ignoring the global optimal constrains. To meet the requirements of practical applications, this paper presented an energy-efficient hierarchical collision avoidance algorithm for unmanned surface vehicle operating in clustered dynamic environments. For the global level, genetic algorithm was modified by strategies of greedy-inspired population initialization, penalty-based multi-objective fitness function, and joint crossover. For the local level, velocity obstacle was combined with dynamic window approach to provide the kinematic constraints of the vehicle to its admissible velocities and simplified collision avoidance rules to guide the evasive maneuvers. Simulations showed that the proposed global algorithm was superior to three other algorithms in terms of path length, path smoothness, and convergence speed regardless of the environment size. The performance of the local algorithm was also verified for various encounter scenarios and speed ratios. In addition, the combination of the global and local planning can effectively solve the path optimization and dynamic obstacle avoidance in a designed offshore environment of fish cage culture.

The attainment of a well-crystallized photo-absorbing layer with minimal defects is crucial for achieving high photovoltaic performance in polycrystalline solar cells. However, in the case of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), precise control over crystallization and elemental distribution through solution processing remains a challenge. In this study, we propose the use of a multifunctional molecule, α-amino-γ-butyrolactone (ABL), as a modulator to simultaneously enhance crystallization and passivate defects, thereby improving film quality and deactivating nonradiative recombination centers in the perovskite absorber. The Lewis base groups present in ABL facilitate nucleation, leading to enhanced crystallinity, while also retarding crystallization. Additionally, ABL effectively passivates Pb2+ dangling bonds, which are major deep-level defects in perovskite films. This passivation process reduces recombination losses, promotes carrier transfer and extraction, and further improves efficiency. Consequently, the PSCs incorporating the ABL additive exhibit an increase in conversion efficiency from 18.30% to 20.36%, along with improved long-term environmental stability. We believe that this research will contribute to the design of additive molecular structures and the engineering of components in perovskite precursor colloids.

Cerium–lanthanum alloys are the main component of nickel–metal hydride batteries, and they are thus an important material in the green-energy industry. However, these alloys have very strong chemical activity, and their surfaces are easily oxidized, leading to great difficulties in their application. To improve the corrosion resistance of cerium–lanthanum alloys, it is necessary to obtain a nanoscale surface with low roughness. However, these alloys can easily succumb to spontaneous combustion during machining. Currently, to inhibit the occurrence of fire, machining of this alloy in ambient air needs to be conducted at very low cutting speeds while spraying the workpiece with a large amount of cutting fluid. However, this is inefficient, and only a very limited range of parameters can be optimized at low cutting speeds; this restricts the optimization of other cutting parameters. To achieve ultraprecision machining of cerium–lanthanum alloys, in this work, an auxiliary machining device was developed, and its effectiveness was verified. The results show that the developed device can improve the cutting speed and obtain a machined surface with low roughness. The device can also improve the machining efficiency and completely prevent the occurrence of spontaneous combustion. It was found that the formation of a build-up of swarf on the cutting tool is eliminated with high-speed cutting, and the surface roughness (Sa) can reach 5.64 nm within the selected parameters. Finally, the oxidation processes of the cerium–lanthanum alloy and its swarf were studied, and the process of the generation of oxidative products in the swarf was elucidated. The results revealed that most of the intermediate oxidative products in the swarf were Ce3+, there were major oxygen vacancies in the swarf, and the final oxidative product was Ce4+.

Background: Dubin–Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease which is caused by mutations in the ABCC2 gene; it is characterized by chronic hyperbilirubinemia. Here, we report two pedigrees affected with DJS which were caused by three novel pathogenic ABCC2 mutations.Case summary: The two patients exhibited intermittent low-grade, predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and showed no other abnormalities. They were diagnosed clinically with DJS. Three novel pathogenic ABCC2 mutations—c.2980delA, c.1834C>T, and c.4465_4473delinsGGCCCACAG—were identified by whole-exome sequencing. These mutations could be responsible for DJS in the two pedigrees. The genetic test confirmed the diagnosis of DJS.Conclusion: These results contributed to the genetic diagnosis of the two patients with DJS and expanded the variant database for the ABCC2 gene.

Applications of the key plant nutrient nitrogen (N) increase the uptake and accumulation of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it is unclear how a plant’s preference for a particular form of N in the soil affects the uptake and accumulation of PAHs. In this study, we investigated the physiological mechanisms involved in fluoranthene uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and examined how these mechanisms were affected by different forms of N treatment under an equivalent N supply. Both N form and plant species affected plant fluoranthene uptake. Rice accumulated more fluoranthene than wheat under an equivalent N supply, while the transfer coefficient of fluoranthene in wheat was higher than that in rice. Fluoranthene accumulation in rice and wheat was positively correlated with plant root morphology parameters, and the transfer coefficient was positively correlated with transpiration. Of the treatments examined, ammonium (NH4+-N)-treated rice and nitrate (NO3−-N)-treated wheat accumulated the most fluoranthene at equivalent N supply. Fluoranthene accumulation was positively correlated with plant growth, total nitrogen N content, total protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis, total plant N was the main factor influencing fluoranthene uptake by rice and wheat treated with different forms of N. Overall, ammonium-preferring rice and nitrate-preferring wheat had the highest nutrient content in their preferred N forms, which also promoted fluoranthene uptake. Therefore, regulating the form of N applied to the soil could be a suitable strategy to improve the safety of agricultural products.

Gold has multiple attributes and its price is affected by various factors in the market. This paper studies the dynamic relationship between the gold price returns and its affecting factors. Then we use the STL-ETS, neural network and Bayesian structural time series model to predict the gold price returns, and compare their performance with the benchmark models. The results show that the shocks of crude oil returns and VIX have the positive effect on gold price returns, the shocks of the US dollar index have the negative effect on gold price returns. And the fluctuation of gold price returns mainly depends on crude oil price returns shocks. STL-ETS model can accurately fit the fluctuation trend of the gold price returns and improve prediction accuracy.

Abstract Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) have become the most catastrophic complication for patients after arthroplasty. Although previous studies have found that many biomarkers have good performance for diagnosing PJI, early diagnosis remains challenging and a gold standard is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma fibrinogen (FIB) in detecting PJI compared to other traditional biomarks (CRP, WBC and ESR). A total of 156 patients (including 57 PJI and 99 non-PJI patients) who underwent revision arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed from 01/2014 to 01/2020. The diagnostic criteria of PJI were mainly based on the definition from the evidence-based definition for periprosthetic joint infection in 2018. The optimal plasma FIB predictive cutoff was 4.20 g/L, the sensitivity of the plasma fibrinogen was 0.860, the specificity was 0.900, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.831, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.908. The area under the curve (AUC) value of plasma fibrinogen was 0.916 (95% CI 0.869–0.964), and the CRP, ESR and WBC levels had AUCs of 0.901, 0.822 and 0.647, respectively. Plasma FIB demonstrated better diagnostic strength compared with that of other serum biomarkers before revision arthroplasty. It represents a new horizon for the diagnosis of PJI due to the diagnosis values and cost-effective features.

BackgroundThe SCN11A gene encodes the α-subunit of the Nav1. 9 channel, which is a regulator of primary sensory neuron excitability. Nav1.9 channels play a key role in somatalgia. Humans with the gain-of-function mutation R222S in SCN11A exhibit familial episodic pain. As already known, R222S knock-in mice carrying a mutation orthologous to the human R222S variant demonstrate somatic hyperalgesia. This study investigated whether Scn11aR222S/R222S mice developed visceral hyperalgesia and intestinal dysmotility.MethodsWe generated Scn11aR222S/R222S mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The somatic pain threshold in Scn11aR222S/R222S mice was assessed by Hargreaves' test and formalin test. The excitability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was assessed by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Visceralgia was tested using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), acetic acid-induced writhing, and formalin-induced visceral nociception tests. Intestinal motility was detected by a mechanical recording of the intestinal segment and a carbon powder propelling test. The excitability of the enteric nervous system (ENS) could influence gut neurotransmitters. Gut neurotransmitters participate in regulating intestinal motility and secretory function. Therefore, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) were measured in intestinal tissues.ResultsThe R222S mutation induced hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons in Scn11aR222S/R222S mice. Scn11aR222S/R222S mice exhibited somatic hyperalgesia. In addition, Scn11aR222S/R222S mice showed lower visceralgia thresholds and slowed intestinal movements when compared with wild-type controls. Moreover, Scn11aR222S/R222S mice had lower SP and VIP concentrations in intestinal tissues.ConclusionsThese results indicated that Scn11aR222S/R222S mice showed visceral hyperalgesia and intestinal dysmotility.

Rice spikelet rot disease occurs mainly in the late stages of rice growth. Pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus and the infestation site have been the primary focus of research on the disease. To learn more about the disease, we performed whole-genome sequencing of Exserohilum rostratum and Bipolaris zeicola for predicting potentially pathogenic genes. The fungus B. zeicola was only recently identified in rice.We obtained 16 and 15 scaffolds down to the chromosome level for E. rostratum LWI and B. zeicola LWII, respectively. The length of LWI strain was approximately 34.05 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.56%. The length of the LWII strain was approximately 32.21 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.66%. After the prediction and annotation of E. rostratum LWI and B. zeicola LWII, we predicted that the LWI strain and LWII strain contain 8 and 13 potential pathogenic genes, respectively, which may be related to rice infection. These results improve our understanding of the genomes of E. rostratum and B. zeicola and update the genomic databases of these two species. It benefits subsequent studies on the mechanisms of E. rostratum and B. zeicola interactions with rice and helps to develop efficient control measures against rice spikelet rot disease.

Due to the interference between the main hull and the outrigger of the pentamaran, resistance is greatly affected. Therefore, research on the pentamaran front outrigger inclination angle has further practical significance for reducing resistance. In this study, the pentamaran front outrigger inclination angle was analyzed by CFD method, the ship motion in waves was simulated by overlapping grid technology, and the resistance of the pentamaran in static water and waves was predicted by using the unsteady RANS equation. First, a series of validation studies were carried out for the numerical methods used in the study. Then, the influence of the front outrigger inclination angle on the pentamaran resistance performance under different working conditions is calculated and discussed. In order to analyze the influence of the change of the front outrigger inclination angle on the resistance, free surface wave-making and hull pressure are further discussed. The results show that the influence of the front outrigger inclination angle change on the resistance of the pentamaran has a certain rule, and the resistance of the pentamaran can be reduced by adjusting the front outrigger inclination angle.

The intake of antioxidant vitamins can scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which may be beneficial for stroke. However, the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of antioxidant vitamins and stroke is controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary TAC and the risk of stroke in US adults. This study included participants over 20 years old from the 2001–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from two 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the usual intake of antioxidant vitamins. TAC was calculated by the vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity reference values of individual antioxidant vitamins. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were performed to evaluate the relationship between TAC and the risk of stroke. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to investigate the dose–response association. A total of 37,045 participants was involved, of whom 1391 suffered a stroke. Compared with the first tertile, the participants in the second tertile of TAC showed a lower risk of stroke (OR = 0.788, 95% CI: 0.662, 0.936) after adjusting for potential risk factors. The dose–response analysis showed a gradual increase in the risk of stroke as TAC decreases. Subgroups analyses indicated that this association was primarily in the population of those aged over 60 years old, who were female, consumed alcohol, were a former smoker and inactive. The sensitivity analysis presented consistent results. These results suggest that deficiency of dietary TAC was associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly in populations with underlying oxidative stress injury.

The large-scale penetration of renewable energy, such as wind power, brings a lot of economic and environmental benefits to the grid, and it also causes hidden dangers in the reliability and security of the power system due to its uncertainty. As an effective demand-side management method, demand response has unique advantages in smoothing wind power fluctuations and mitigating grid pressure. This paper proposes a new model for the demand response aggregator (DRA) that includes both combined heat and power systems (CHPS) and energy storage devices. DRA can interact with the Independent system operator (ISO) through combined heat and power (CHP) units, energy storage devices, and the heat buffer tank to benefit from the electricity market and the thermal market simultaneously. At the same time, wind power producers (WPP) are modeled to turn wind power that was initially passively consumed into active market participants. The problem is modeled using an improved weighted method, which aims to take the diverse objectives of multiple market participants into account. The proposed model is tested on the modified IEEE RTS-24 test system to analyze the optimal scheduling strategies of each participant in the power market.

High efficiency and short saturation time have great significance on the practical work of high power microwave devices. A dual-band Cerenkov microwave generator with high-efficiency based on electrical tuning is presented in this paper. Two-segment slow wave structures for the C-band and X-band separately are adopted, which are isolated by a drift cavity. The collimating hole is replaced by a resonant reflector, which can effectively shorten the saturation time. Moreover, in order to realize dual-band microwave output, the electrical tuning method is used in this paper. In particle-in-cell simulation, when the guiding magnetic field is 0.7 T, the output microwaves at the X-band can be obtained with an efficiency of 38% and saturation time for nearly 20 ns; when the guiding magnetic field is 1.5 T, the output microwaves at the C-band can be obtained with an efficiency of 32% and saturation time for nearly 20 ns. Thus, microwaves at the X-band and C-band can be generated separately by modulating the guiding magnetic field, which can be realized just by altering the current in the magnetic coil. It should be mentioned that such a modulating method is much more convenient than mechanical modulation.

Currently, the impact of changes in precipitation and increased nitrogen(N) deposition on ecosystems has become a global problem. In this study, we conducted a 8-year field experiment to evaluate the effects of interaction between N deposition and precipitation change on soil bacterial communities in a desert steppe using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that soil bacterial communities were sensitive to precipitation addition but were highly tolerant to precipitation reduction. Reduced precipitation enhanced the competitive interactions of soil bacteria and made the ecological network more stable. Nitrogen addition weakened the effect of water addition in terms of soil bacterial diversity and community stability, and did not have an interactive influence. Moreover, decreased precipitation and increased N deposition did not have a superimposed effect on soil bacterial communities in the desert steppe. Soil pH, moisture content, and NH4+-N and total carbon were significantly related to the structure of bacterial communities in the desert steppe. Based on network analysis and relative abundance, we identified Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria members as the most important keystone bacteria that responded to precipitation changes and N deposition in the soil of the desert steppe. In summary, we comprehensively analyzed the responses of the soil bacterial community to precipitation changes and N deposition in a desert steppe, which provides a model for studying the effects of ecological factors on bacterial communities worldwide.

Myotonia congenita and hypokalemic periodic paralysis type 2 are both rare genetic channelopathies caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene encoding voltage-gated chloride channel CLC-1 and the SCN4A gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.4. The patients with concomitant mutations in both genes manifested different unique symptoms from mutations in these genes separately. Here, we describe a patient with myotonia and periodic paralysis in a consanguineous marriage pedigree. By using whole-exome sequencing, a novel F306S variant in the CLCN1 gene and a known R222W mutation in the SCN4A gene were identified in the pedigree. Patch clamp analysis revealed that the F306S mutant reduced the opening probability of CLC-1 and chloride conductance. Our study expanded the CLCN1 mutation database. We emphasized the value of whole-exome sequencing for differential diagnosis in atypical myotonic patients.

This paper investigates the dynamic response of a fully nonlinear model of a DeepCWind floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) after one of its three-catenary mooring systems is broken. The drift area of the platform, pitch motion of the wind turbine, and tension on the two ends of the mooring line are the main dynamic response foci; in addition, a single mathematical formula is provided in this study to predict the maximum drift in surge direction. After the platform reaches the new equilibrium position maintained by the remaining two mooring lines, the tower pitch exceeds 20 degrees. The tension change is closely related to the drift motion, necessitating an increase in the minimum breaking load (MBL) of the mooring line components. The mathematical forecast of the maximum surge shows good agreement with the numerical results, even with different water depths

The mechanism and realization of a cross-band relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the cathode adjustment are presented. The device adopts coaxial dual-annular cathode to emit the inner and the outer electron beams, independently. When the inner annular cathode is extended and the outer annular cathode is retracted, the electron beams are emitted from the inner cathode and interact with the internal electromagnetic structure to generate Ka-band microwaves. On the contrary, the outer electron beams interact with the external electromagnetic structure to generate X-band microwaves. Thus, the cross-band microwave generation can be achieved only by adjusting the protrusion and retraction of dual-annular cathode. By the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, the physical process of beam-wave interaction in the device is studied, and the high efficiency internal-external double electromagnetic structures are designed. Simulation results show that the X-band microwave with a power of 1.50 GW and a frequency of 8.55 GHz is generated, corresponding to an efficiency of 32%. Meanwhile, the Ka-band microwave with power of 650 MW and frequency of 31.80 GHz is generated, corresponding to efficiency of 28%.

The influence of magnetic treatment on the yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of laser tailor welded blanks (TWBs) of DP600 steel was investigated by uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental results showed that the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength of the TWBs had only a slight change, but the elongation increased by 13.90%–36.23% after the magnetic treatment. The dislocation distributions in the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were observed respectively by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that after magnetic treatment, the dislocations in both the FZ and the HAZ of the TWBs increased and showed a relatively uniform distribution. The mechanism of the mechanical property improvement of the TWBs by the magnetic treatment was then revealed on the basis of the relationship model between the dislocation and shear strain, considering the evolution of magnetic domains and Frank-Read dislocation multiplication in a magnetic field.