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Abstract Purpose Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) included severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). To compare the axial length (AL) and assess its influence on VTDR across different ages. Methods A retrospective cohort study. Medical chart review was performed in 736 consecutive patients with VTDR. The patients were divided into young (≤ 45 years) and elderly group (> 45 years) based on their age at the diagnosis of VTDR. After at least one year of standardized treatments, all eligible patients were followed up. The main outcome measures included the presence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) involving foveal, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG), and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH) post-vitrectomy. ALs were compared between two age groups. The impact of AL on clinical outcomes was determined by logistic analyses after controlling for systemic parameters. Results The study included 144 patients ≤ 45 years and 592 patients > 45 years. Young patients had significantly longer AL than elderly participants (23.9 mm vs 23.0 mm, p

Abstract Background Loneliness and social isolation have been found to be associated with various health-related outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of loneliness and social isolation with the risk of glaucoma. Methods A total of 373,330 participants from the UK Biobank without glaucoma at recruitment were included in this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to define loneliness and social isolation. Incident glaucoma events were identified by hospital inpatient admissions and self-reported data. COX proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results During a median follow-up of 13.1 (interquartile range: 12.3–13.9) years, 6,489 participants developed glaucoma. After adjusting for confounding factors, loneliness (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; P = 0.009) and social isolation (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16; P = 0.033) were associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. Conclusions In this population-based prospective cohort study, loneliness and social isolation were associated with a higher risk of glaucoma.

Abstract Background Limited studies have investigated the correlation between fat distribution and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the general population with diabetes. The relationship between obesity and DR remains inconclusive, possibly due to using simple anthropometric measures to define obesity. This study investigates the relationships between the android-to-gynoid fat ratio (A/G ratio, measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and DR within the US population with diabetes. Methods The study used a population-based, cross-sectional approach based on the 2003–2006 and 2011–2018 data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on participants with diabetes to evaluate the contribution of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and A/G ratio to the prevalence of DR. Results The prevalence of DR was 22.2, 21.2, and 17.6% among participants with A/G ratios

Abstract TNF receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a, RANK) and its ligand TNF superfamily member 11 (TNFRSF11, RANKL) are overexpressed in many malignancies. However, the clinical importance of RANKL/RANK in colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly unknown. We examined CRC samples and found that RANKL/RANK was elevated in CRC tissues compared with nearby normal tissues. A higher RANKL/RANK expression was associated with a worse survival rate. Furthermore, RANKL was mostly produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs), which were able to promote CRC advancement. Overexpression of RANK or addition of RANKL significantly increased the stemness and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, RANKL/RANK signaling stimulated C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) production by CRC cells, leading to Treg recruitment and boosting tumor stemness and malignant progression. This recruitment process was accomplished by CCL20–CCR6 interaction, demonstrating a connection between CRC cells and immune cells. These findings suggest an important role of RANKL/RANK in CRC progression, offering a potential target for CRC prevention and therapy.

The sustainability and additive manufacturing of dielectric insulators are the development direction of the power system. Introducing dynamic covalent bonds in light-based 3D printing have attracted considerable attention as the reversible crosslinks allow for the reprocessing of printed objects. However, there generally exists a trade-off between mechanical strength, glass transition temperature (Tg), and reconfigurability for dynamic covalent networks. The reconfiguring process of the dynamic covalent network often requires high mobility of molecular chains and large free volumes, which in turn decreases the mechanical strength, Tg, and electrical insulating performance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy for developing a kind of mechanically robust and sustainable vitrimer by building a rigid-flexible coupling inter-penetration network (IPN). Specifically, a two-stage curing approach was used to prepare high-performance 3D-printing vitrimers by using the plant oil-epoxy hybrid resin, which brings a lot of ester bonds and β-hydroxyl ester for the crosslinking network. Computational techniques with molecular dynamics calculation are used for the design and optimization of the crosslinking network, and then the optimized IPN is prepared by digital light processing 3D printing and subsequent heat curing. In the IPN, the epoxy backbone is rigid to enhance the Tg and tensile strength, while the plant-based methacrylate is flexible to guarantee topological rearrangement at elevated temperatures. Compared to reported epoxy vitrimers, the resultant IPN exhibits simultaneous high Tg (111 °C), outstanding tensile strength and toughness (tensile strength of 70 MPa, elongation at break of 17.58 %), good topological rearrangement, and excellent dielectric properties (permittivity less than 4, breakdown strength of 49.3 kV/mm). This work provides a new strategy for balancing the strength, toughness, electrical insulating and sustainability of 3D-printed thermosets.

Summary: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has high metastatic potential and is hard to detect early. This study aims to develop a deep learning model for NPC diagnosis using optical imagery. From April 2008 to May 2021, we analyzed 12,087 nasopharyngeal endoscopic images and 309 videos from 1,108 patients. The pretrained model was fine-tuned with stochastic gradient descent on the final layers. Data augmentation was applied during training. Videos were converted to images for malignancy scoring. Performance metrics like AUC, accuracy, and sensitivity were calculated based on the malignancy score. The deep learning model demonstrated high performance in identifying NPC, with AUC values of 0.981 (95% confidence of interval [CI] 0.965–0.996) for the Fujian Cancer Hospital dataset and 0.937 (0.905–0.970) for the Jiangxi Cancer Hospital dataset. The proposed model effectively diagnoses NPC with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across multiple datasets. It shows promise for early NPC detection, especially in identifying latent lesions.

Background Diabetic vascular complications share common pathophysiological mechanisms, but the relationship between diabetes‐related macrovascular complications (MacroVCs) and incident diabetic microvascular complications remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of MacroVCs on the risk of microvascular complications. Methods and Results There were 1518 participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 20 802 participants with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank included in this longitudinal cohort study. MacroVCs were defined by the presence of macrovascular diseases diagnosed after diabetes at recruitment, including coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, stroke, and ≥2 MacroVCs. The primary outcome was incident microvascular complications, a composite of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic neuropathy. During a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 11.61 (5.84–13.12) years and 12.2 (9.50–13.18) years, 596 (39.3%) and 4113 (19.8%) participants developed a primary outcome in T1D and type 2 diabetes, respectively. After full adjustment for conventional risk factors, Cox regression models showed significant associations between individual as well as cumulative MacroVCs and the primary outcome, except for coronary heart disease in T1D (T1D: diabetes coronary heart disease: 1.25 [0.98–1.60]; diabetes peripheral artery disease: 3.00 [1.86–4.84]; diabetes stroke: 1.71 [1.08–2.72]; ≥2: 2.57 [1.66–3.99]; type 2 diabetes: diabetes coronary heart disease: 1.59 [1.38–1.82]; diabetes peripheral artery disease: 1.60 [1.01–2.54]; diabetes stroke: 1.50 [1.13–1.99]; ≥2: 2.66 [1.92–3.68]). Subgroup analysis showed that strict glycemic (glycated hemoglobin

Abstract Background The relationship between integrated lifestyles, mental status and their impact on overall well-being has attracted considerable attention. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lifestyle factors, depression and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults aged 18–64 years. Methods A cohort of 3482 participants diagnosed with diabetes was drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 1999–2018. DR was defined based on self-reported diabetic retinopathy diagnoses by professional physicians, relying on Diabetes Interview Questionnaires. Subgroup analysis was employed to assess lifestyle and psychological factors between participants with DR and those without, both overall and stratified by diabetic duration. Continuous variables were analyzed using the student’s t test, while weighted Rao-Scott χ2 test were employed for categorical variables to compare characteristics among the groups. Results Of the 3482 participants, 767 were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, yielding a weighted DR prevalence of 20.8%. Patients with DR exhibited a higher prevalence of heavy drinking, depression, sleep deprivation, and insufficient physical activity compared to those without DR. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that sleeping less than 5 h (OR = 3.18, 95%CI: 2.04–4.95, p

Media profiling offers valuable insights to enhance the objectivity and reliability of news coverage by providing comprehensive analysis, but the diversity in languages posed significant challenges to our identification of factuality and political bias of non-English sources. The limitation of existing media analysis research is its concentration on a singular high-resource language, and it hardly extends to languages beyond English. To address this, we introduce xMP, a dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual media profiling tasks. xMP’s cross-lingual test set encompasses 34 non-English languages and 18 language families, extending media profiling beyond English resources and allowing us to assess cross-lingual media profiling model performance. Additionally, we propose a method, named R-KAT, to enhance the model’s zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning capability by building virtual multilingual embedding. Our experiments illustrate that our method improves the transferability of models in cross-lingual media profiling tasks. Additionally, we further discuss the performance of our method for different target languages. Our dataset and code are publicly available.

Aiming at the two-vector model predictive current control(TV-MPCC)strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), in a sampling period, can merely change the amplitude magnitude by adjusting the action time of the zero vector, resulting in the synthesized voltage vector direction can only be fixed in the direction of the six basic voltage vectors and the current fluctuations generated by the problem. This paper proposes an optimized three-vector model predictive current control (OTV-MPCC) method, which first finds the desired voltage vector and then finds the position angle of the desired vector through the inverse derivation of the formula and determines the sector in which it is located. The two fundamental vectors are selected and the zero vector at the boundary of the sector as the three voltage vectors requires for the model predictive control. Moreover, the time of each vector action is calculated by using the dead-beat control method, and the zero vector is selected by the switching frequency and switching minimum principle, which makes the algorithm computation significantly reduced. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed optimized three-vector model based on the predictive current control strategy can effectively decline the straight-axis and cross-axis current pulsations and enhance the stability of the system.

Mutations in the master hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 are often associated with functional defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. In this study, we identified a novel GATA1 germline mutation (c.1162delGG, p.Leu387Leufs*62) in a patient with congenital anemia and occasional thrombocytopenia. The C-terminal GATA1, a rarely studied mutational region, undergoes frameshifting translation as a consequence of this double-base deletion mutation. To investigate the specific function and pathogenic mechanism of this mutant, in vitro mutant models of stable re-expression cells were generated. The mutation was subsequently validated to cause diminished transcriptional activity of GATA1 and defective differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytes. Using proximity labeling and mass spectrometry, we identified selective alterations in the proximal protein networks of the mutant, revealing decreased binding to a set of normal GATA1-interaction proteins, including the essential co-factor FOG1. Notably, our findings further demonstrated enhanced recruitment of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6, which mediates histone modification at H3R2me2a and represses transcription activity. We also found an enhanced binding of this mutant GATA1/PRMT6 complex to the transcriptional regulatory elements of GATA1’s target genes. Moreover, treatment of the PRMT6 inhibitor MS023 could partially rescue the inhibited transcriptional and impaired erythroid differentiation caused by the GATA1 mutation. Taken together, our results provide molecular insights into erythropoiesis in which mutation leads to partial loss of GATA1 function and the broader role of PRMT6 and its inhibitor MS023 in congenital anemia, highlighting PRMT6 binding as a negative factor of GATA1 transcriptional activity in aberrant hematopoiesis.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology provides a new way for integral forming and rapid manufacturing of complex components of Hastelloy X, but the parts fabricated by LPBF (LPBFed) inevitably have defects such as micropores, micro-cracks, and residual stress. To eliminate the above defects and further enhance the material properties of the Hastelloy X, solution heat treatment (SHT) was performed on the LPBFed parts. Although SHT can improve material properties, there are many limitations in using traditional machining because of the high hardness of Hastelloy X. So, electrochemical machining (ECM) is used to process LPBFed Hastelloy X parts and has a wide range of applications. Firstly, the optimal SHT process parameters with good comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained by orthogonal experiment, and the influence of the selection of SHT process parameters on the properties of LPBFed samples was discussed. Then, after SHT with optimized process parameters, the elongation after fracture (EAF) increases from 30.0% to 51.3%, and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reduces from 798.7 MPa to 732.6 MPa merely. Next, its micro-morphology was observed and analyzed. It can be seen that After the SHT, the grain size increases, and the low-angle grain boundary decreases in the XOY direction, resulting in the decrease of the intergranular area and dislocation densities to reduce the tensile strength. After the SHT, the molten pool boundary disappears in any direction, which greatly improves the plasticity of the part. and the microstructure explains the results of tensile tests. The experimental results show that the material properties of Hastelloy X can be greatly improved by this SHT process, which has great development potential and broad application prospects. Finally, to apply Hastelloy X to the Electrochemical machining (ECM) process, an experimental analysis of the electrochemical passivation performance of LPBFed samples after SHT with optimal parameters was carried out. The experimental results show that after SHT the denseness of the passivation film is improved, the corrosion resistance is enhanced, and the anisotropy of corrosion resistance is reduced. By observing the microscopic morphology of the passivation film, it can be seen that the corrosion products reduced and the number of corrosion pits decreased. This means LPBFed Hastelloy X parts after SHT is significantly improved and meets the ECM processing requirements.

In the development of intelligent mines, unmanned driving transportation has emerged as a key technology to reduce human involvement and enable unmanned operations. The operation of unmanned vehicles in mining environments relies on remote operation, which necessitates the low-latency transmission of high-definition video data across multiple channels for comprehensive monitoring and precise remote control. To address the challenges associated with unmanned driving in mines, we propose a comprehensive scheme that leverages the capabilities of 5G super uplink, edge collaborative computing, and advanced video transmission strategies. This approach utilizes dual-frequency bands, specifically 3.5 GHz and 2.1 GHz, within the 5G super uplink framework to establish an infrastructure designed for high-bandwidth and low-latency information transmission, crucial for real-time autonomous operations. To overcome limitations due to computational resources at terminal devices, our scheme incorporates task offloading and edge computing methodologies to effectively reduce latency and enhance decision-making speed for real-time autonomous activities. Additionally, to consolidate the benefits of low latency, we implement several video transmission strategies, such as optimized network usage, service-specific wireless channel identification, and dynamic frame allocation. An experimental evaluation demonstrates that our approach achieves an uplink peak rate of 418.5 Mbps with an average latency of 18.3 ms during the parallel transmission of seven channels of 4K video, meeting the stringent requirements for remote control of unmanned mining vehicles.

Abstract Gene co‐expression analysis is an effective method to detect groups (or modules) of co‐expressed genes that display similar expression patterns, which may function in the same biological processes. Here, we present “Simple Tidy GeneCoEx”, a gene co‐expression analysis workflow written in the R programming language. The workflow is highly customizable across multiple stages of the pipeline including gene selection, edge selection, clustering resolution, and data visualization. Powered by the tidyverse package ecosystem and network analysis functions provided by the igraph package, the workflow detects gene co‐expression modules whose members are highly interconnected. Step‐by‐step instructions with two use case examples as well as source code are available at https://github.com/cxli233/SimpleTidy_GeneCoEx.

Gao et al. report DreamDIAXMBD, a deep learning-based tool, that can extract and score chromatogram features, improving the performance of peptide-centric DIA data analysis. In contrast to the existing tools, DreamDIAXMBD demonstrates higher numbers of precursor identifications and accurate quantification in public test data sets.

Abstract Background Daylilies are a lucrative crop used for its floral beauty, medicinal proprieties, landscaping, fire prevention, nutritional value, and research. Despite the importance, daylilies remain extremely challenging for multiplying in vitro. The response difficulty is exacerbated because a few good protocols for daylilies micropropagation are generally difficult to reproduce across genotypes. An efficient strategy, currently applied at Langston University, is to systematically explore individual tissues or organs for their potential to micropropagation. This article is a partial report of the investigation carried out under room environmental conditions and focuses on developing an efficient daylilies in vitro propagation protocol that uses the stem tissue as the principal explant. Results In less than three months, using thidiazuron, the use of the stem tissue as the in vitro experimental explant was successful in inducing multiple shoots several folds greater than current daylilies shoot organogenesis protocols. The study showed that tissue culture can be conducted successfully under unrestricted room environmental conditions as well as under the controlled environment of a growth chamber. It also showed that splitting lengthwise stem explants formed multiple shoots several folds greater than cross-sectioned and inverted explants. Shoot conversion rate was mostly independent of the number of shoots formed per explants. The overall response was explant and genotype-dependent. Efficient responses were observed in all thidiazuron treatments. Conclusion An efficient protocol, which can be applied for mass multiple shoots formation using the daylilies stem tissue as the main explant, was successfully developed. This could lead to a broad and rapid propagation of the crop under an array of environmental conditions to meet the market demand and hasten exogenous gene transfer and breeding selection processes.

Background: Management of patients with prostate cancer and bone metastatic disease remains a major clinical challenge. Loss or mutation of p53 has been identified to be involved in the tumor progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, direct evidence of a specific role for wild-type p53 (wt-p53) in bone metastasis and the mechanism by which this function is mediated in prostate cancer remain obscure.Methods: The expression and protein levels of wt-53, AIP4, and CXCR4 in prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens were assessed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The role of wt-p53 in suppressing aggressive and metastatic tumor phenotypes was assessed using in vitro transwell chemotaxis, wound healing, and competitive colocalization assays. Furthermore, whether p53 deletion facilitates prostate cancer bone-metastatic capacity was explored using an in vivo bone-metastatic model. The mechanistic model of wt-p53 in regulating gene expression was further explored by a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay.Results: Our findings revealed that wt-p53 suppressed the prostate cancer cell migration rate, chemotaxis and attachment toward the osteoblasts in vitro. The bone-metastatic model showed that deletion of wt-p53 remarkably increased prostate cancer bone-metastatic capacity in vivo. Mechanistically, wt-p53 could induce the ligand-induced degradation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by transcriptionally upregulating the expression of ubiquitin ligase AIP4. Treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or transduction of the AIP4 plasmid abrogated the pro-bone metastasis effects of TP53 deletion.Conclusion: Wt-p53 suppresses the metastasis of prostate cancer cells to bones by regulating the CXCR4/CXCL12 activity in the tumor cells/bone marrow microenvironment interactions. Our findings suggest that targeting the wt-p53/AIP4/CXCR4 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage prostate cancer bone metastasis.

Studies of methane-oxidizing bacteria are updating our views of their composition and function in paddy and natural wetlands. However, few studies have characterized differences in the methane-oxidizing bacterial communities between paddy and natural wetlands. Here, we conducted a 13C stable isotope-probing experiment and high-throughput sequencing to determine the structure profiling, co-occurrence relationships, and assembly processes of methanotrophic communities in four wetlands of Northeast China. There was a clear difference in community structure between paddy and natural wetlands. LEfSe analyses revealed that Methylobacter, FWs, and Methylosinus were enriched in natural wetlands, while Methylosarcina were prevailing in paddy, all identified as indicative methanotrophs. We observed distinct co-occurrence relationships between paddy and natural wetlands: more robust and complex connections in natural wetlands than paddy wetlands. Furthermore, the relative importance of stochastic processes was greater than that of deterministic processes, as stochastic processes explained >50% of the variation in communities. These results demonstrated that the co-occurrence relationships and assembly processes of active methanotrophic communities in paddy and natural wetlands were distinct. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of the communities of methane-oxidizing bacteria in paddy and natural wetlands of Northeast China.

Background. The leading cause of mortality in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Notch signaling is essential for vessel morphogenesis and function. However, the role of Notch signaling in aortic pathology and aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is not completely understood. Methods. RNA-sequencing on ascending aortic tissue from a mouse model of MFS, Fbn1mgR/mgR, and wild-type controls was performed. Notch 3 expression and activation in aortic tissue were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Fbn1mgR/mgR and wild-type mice were treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, to block Notch activation. Aortic aneurysms and rupture were evaluated with connective tissue staining, ultrasound, and life table analysis. Results. The murine RNA-sequencing data were validated with mouse and human MFS aortic tissue, demonstrating elevated Notch3 activation in MFS. Data further revealed that upregulation and activation of Notch3 were concomitant with increased expression of SMC contractile markers. Inhibiting Notch3 activation with DAPT attenuated aortic enlargement and improved survival of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. DAPT treatment reduced elastin fiber fragmentation in the aorta and reversed the differentiation of SMCs. Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that matrix abnormalities in the aorta of MFS are associated with increased Notch3 activation. Enhanced Notch3 activation in MFS contributed to aortic aneurysm formation in MFS. This might be mediated by inducing a contractile phenotypic change of SMC. Our results suggest that inhibiting Notch3 activation may provide a strategy to prevent and treat aortic aneurysms in MFS.

The drivers' hazard perception plays an important role in preventing and reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents. In order to explore the drivers' hazard perception and their behavioral characteristics in overt and covert hazards, hazardous events of three traffic conflict types (vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to cyclist and vehicle to pedestrian) were designed for overt and covert hazards based on the UC-win/Road driving simulation software, respectively. 35 drivers were organized to conduct the driving simulation tests. The data of driving behavior was collected when they were driving. A comparative analysis of drivers' hazard perception ability and driving behavior characteristics was carried out for hazardous scenarios and traffic conflict types. The result has shown that drivers are more likely to take slowing measures or brake earlier in overt hazard scenarios to ensure safe driving. And drivers are more likely to be involved in collisions in covert hazard scenarios. The types of traffic conflict have a significant effect on the hazard perception ability of drivers (F = 5.92, p < 0.01). Drivers have the strongest hazard perception for cyclists and the weakest hazard perception for pedestrians. Traffic conflict types has a significant effect on drivers' average braking depth (F = 32.31, p < 0.01), average speed (F = 13.78, p < 0.01), and average acceleration (F = 9.26, p < 0.01).

Species identification is vital for protecting species diversity and selecting high-quality germplasm resources. Wild Fragaria spp. comprise rich and excellent germplasm resources; however, the variation and evolution of the whole chloroplast (cp) genomes in the genus Fragaria have been ignored. In the present study, 27 complete chloroplast genomes of 11 wild Fragaria species were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Then, the variation among complete cp genomes of Fragaria was analyzed, and phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed from those genome sequences. There was an overall high similarity of sequences, with some divergence. According to analysis with mVISTA, non-coding regions were more variable than coding regions. Inverted repeats (IRs) were observed to contract or expand to different degrees, which resulted in different sizes of cp genomes. Additionally, five variable loci, trnS-trnG, trnR-atpA, trnC-petN, rbcL-accD, and psbE-petL, were identified that could be used to develop DNA barcoding for identification of Fragaria species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole cp genomes supported clustering all species into two groups (A and B). Group A species were mainly distributed in western China, while group B contained several species from Europe and Americas. These results support allopolyploid origins of the octoploid species F. chiloensis and F. virginiana and the tetraploid species F. moupinensis and F. tibetica. The complete cp genomes of these Fragaria spp. provide valuable information for selecting high-quality Fragaria germplasm resources in the future.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for lung cancer are no longer limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer a new hope for patients. However, drug resistance in chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and the low response rates to immunotherapy remain important challenges. Similar to tumor development, drug resistance occurs because of significant effects exerted by the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with cancer cell mutations. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the TME and possess multiple functions, including cross-talking with cancer cells, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), secretion of various cytokines, and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which in turn provide support for the growth, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, CAFs represent valuable therapeutic targets for lung cancer. Herein, we review the latest progress in the use of CAFs as potential targets and mediators of drug resistance for NSCLC treatment. We explored the role of CAFs on the regulation of the TME and surrounding ECM, with particular emphasis on treatment strategies involving combined CAF targeting within the current framework of cancer treatment.

A novel dual-polarization frequency selective rasorber with one transmission band and two absorbing bands is proposed in this paper. The structure is composed of a lossless frequency selective surface layer and a resistive layer. The resistive layer is a combination of split ring resonators and Jerusalem crosses. The frequency selective surface layer is a combination of grids and square rings. Split ring resonators are used to generate parallel resonances in this paper. When the parallel resonant frequency of the split ring resonators and that of the frequency selective surface layer are the same, a passband is obtained. Split ring resonators, Jerusalem crosses, and lumped resistors are used to create the absorbing bands. When surface current flows through two different paths on the split ring resonator, absorbing bands are obtained on each side of the passband. A frequency selective rasorber prototype is fabricated and measured to validate our design. The results show that the center frequency of the passband is 5.74 GHz, with an insertion loss of 0.25 dB. The lower and higher absorption bandwidths with absorption coefficient higher than 80% range from 1.92 to 3.73 GHz and from 7.41 to 9.34 GHz, respectively, and the reflection band with reflection coefficient less than -10 dB ranges from 1.96 to 9.32 GHz.

Guide signs are an important source for drivers to obtain road information. However, the evaluation methods for the effectiveness of guide signs are not unified. The quantitative model for evaluating guide signs needs to be constructed to unify the current system of guide signs. This study aims to take the commonly used guide signs in China as the research object to explore the evaluation method of guide signs at intersections. Eight kinds of guide signs were designed and made based on the common layout (layout 1 and layout 2) and the amount of information on signs (3–6). Thirty-four drivers were recruited to organize a driving simulation based on the visual cognitive tasks. Drivers’ legibility time and driver behavior were obtained by using the driving simulator and E-Prime program. A comprehensive quantitative evaluation model of guide signs was established based on the factor analysis method and grey correlation analysis method from the perspective of safe driving. The results show that there is no significant difference in the SD of speed and the SD of acceleration under the influence of various guide signs. The average vehicle speed and acceleration decrease, and the lateral offset distance of the vehicle increases with the amount of information on guide signs increasing. The quantitative evaluation results of guide signs show that the visual security decreases with the increase of the amount of information on guide signs. And layout 2 has better performance than layout 1 when the amount of information on guide signs is the same. This study not only explores the change rule of driving behavior under the influence of guide signs, but also provides a reference for the selection of guide signs.

The adsorption and activation of both CO2 and methanol are mainly affected by the distance of the Lewis acid site, Zr4+, and Lewis base, Zr4+/O2−, of the Zr-based catalysts. In this paper, Zr-incorporated SBA-15 (Zr-SBA-15) and Zr-grafted SBA-15 (Zr/SBA-15) catalysts were prepared with different Zr environments, and were analyzed with N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectra, and XPS. It was proposed that Zr-SBA-15 catalyst with Si-O-Zr-OH and Zr-O-Si-OH structure exhibited non-adjacent sites between Zr4+ and Zr4+/O2−, while Zr/SBA-15 catalyst with Zr-O-Zr-OH structure showed neighboring sites between Zr4+ and Zr4+/O2−. Furthermore, the Zr/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity, while no DMC was detected over the Zr-SBA-15 catalyst at the same reaction conditions. For combined in situ infrared and catalytic performance, it was indicated that the methanol and CO2 could be activated to form DMC, only when the Zr4+ and Zr4+/O2− sites existed and were adjacent to each other in the Zr-O-Zr-OH of Zr/SBA-15 catalyst.

In this paper, a dual-band terahertz absorber with two passbands is proposed. The absorber is composed of periodic patterned graphene arrays on the top of a SiO 2 substrate and a frequency selective surface (FSS) on the bottom of the substrate. The simulated results indicate that there are two absorption bands (absorption greater than 90%) ranging from 0.54 to 0.84 THz and 2.13 to 2.29 THz. It is almost transparent to incident waves (transmission greater than 50%) below 0.19 THz and between 1.3 and 1.67 THz with a center frequency of 1.49 THz. The absorber has a good tolerance to the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized wave oblique incidence, and the transmission rate of the passbands remains greater than 50% within 70 degrees. Moreover, the absorption rate of the absorber can be tuned by the chemical potential of graphene. The structure with absorption and transmission properties has potential applications in filtering, sensing, detecting and antenna stealth.

tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a novel synthetic antioxidant with a higher safety profile and antioxidant effect that is more excellent than other synthetic antioxidants and is internationally recognized as one of the best food antioxidants. However, its excessive use in food can have unfavorable effects on the human body. Thus, it is critical to establish a rapid method for the detection of TBHQ in food samples. In this study, a cobalt-based metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) was fabricated by a one-pot hydrothermal method and embedded in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to construct an economical and sensitive electrochemical sensor for TBHQ. The results showed that this sensor possessed a wide linear range (0.004–20 μM and 20–300 μM), a low limit of detection (LOD = 2.5 nM, S/N = 3) as well as an ultra-high sensitivity (43.19 μA μM−1 cm−2). Moreover, the sensor also has superior selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and anti-interference ability and can be successfully applied for the detection of TBHQ in samples of instant noodles and potato chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generators are subject to extreme environmental conditions that can cause critical areas to gradually break down, potentially leading to catastrophic failures. This paper proposes a hybrid method for generator fault diagnosis. Firstly, adaptive chirp mode decomposition (ACMD) is applied to decompose the vibration signal into five intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Then, the permutation entropy (PE) of each IMF is calculated to construct the feature vector. The deep learning part of the proposed method uses convolutional neural network (CNN) as a classifier to recognize different faults. Finally, the visualization result using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is presented. The result of classification suggests that the method proposed in this paper realizes fault diagnosis with the accuracy of 98%, which has a higher recognition rate than other methods mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Internal insulation of high‐voltage power modules is facing interesting failure risks, including high temperature overheating, breakdown fault, material cracking etc., so it is imperative to urgently develop new dielectric materials with high thermal conductivity (λ), outstanding electrical insulation, and thermal stability properties. A method to construct controllable liquid crystalline cross‐linking networks based on the synthesis of biphenyl epoxy monomer and the change of curing agent structures and curing temperature is proposed. The uniform nematic rod‐like liquid crystalline domains were obtained by using 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane as a curing agent under a pre‐curing temperature of 105°C. The resulting film (abbreviated as TD‐105) exhibited λ up to 0.53 W m−1 K−1 and a dielectric breakdown strength of 57.69 kV mm−1, which showed a simultaneous enhancement of 178% and 16%, respectively, compared to traditional bisphenol A epoxy resin. Moreover, it also exhibited lower dielectric loss and magnitude of partial discharge while having higher glass‐transition temperature (190°C). A novel idea for the development of high‐performance epoxy insulating materials for the application of high‐voltage and large‐power electrical equipment is provided.