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In response to global carbon neutrality targets, there is an urgent need for large-scale, clean hydrogen production technologies to supplant fossil fuels and underpin the establishment of a ‘hydrogen economy’. The prospect of large-scale on-site green hydrolysis of Mg-based materials for hydrogen production has attracted wide attention. Aiming at the problems of easy formation of inert oxide layer on its surface and the production of Mg(OH)2 to hinder the hydrolysis process, it is urgent to explore efficient, low-cost and green modification strategies. In this work, the green modification strategy for hydrolyzing hydrogen production of Mg-based materials was summarized, and the fast initial kinetics and high hydrogen production rate could be achieved by adjusting hydrolysis medium conditions and modifying Mg-based material. The significance of hydrolytic hydrogen production technology and device development for the realization of Mg-based hydrolytic hydrogen production was evaluated. Meanwhile, this work looks forward to the future direction of hydrogen production modification by hydrolysis of Mg-based alloy, and gradually optimizes the hydrolysis performance of industrial multi-component waste Mg alloy under the premise of green hydrogen production, and proposes the goal of efficient modification of waste Mg alloy, high-quality utilization of seawater, and low-cost and controllable hydrogen production process.

Abstract Autonomic nervous system disorders play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Regulating it is essential for preventing and treating acute ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Photothermal neuromodulation is a nonimplanted technique, but the response temperature ranges of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TWIK-related K+ Channel 1 (TREK1) exhibit differences while being closely aligned, and the acute nature of VAs require that it must be rapid and precise. However, the low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) still poses limitations in achieving rapid and precise treatment. Here, we achieve a nearly perfect blackbody absorption and a high PCE in the second near infrared (NIR-II) window (73.7% at 1064 nm) via a Pt nanoparticle shell (PtNP-shell). By precisely manipulating the photothermal effect, we successfully achieve rapid and precise multimodal neuromodulation encompassing neural activation (41.0–42.9 °C) and inhibition (45.0–46.9 °C) in a male canine model. The NIR-II photothermal modulation additionally achieves multimodal reversible autonomic modulation and confers protection against acute VAs associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in interventional therapy.

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms often occur in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exacerbate the pathogenesis of AD. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the AD-associated depression remain unclear. The serotonergic system plays crucial roles in both AD and depression. Methods We used a combination of in vivo trans-synaptic circuit-dissecting anatomical approaches, chemogenetic manipulations, optogenetic manipulations, pharmacological methods, behavioral testing, and electrophysiological recording to investigate dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic circuit in AD-associated depression in AD mouse model. Results We found that the activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons (DRN5-HT) and their projections to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) terminals (DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII) both decreased in brains of early 5×FAD mice. Chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of the DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII neural circuit attenuated the depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in 5×FAD mice through serotonin receptor 1B (5-HT1BR) and 4 (5-HT4R). Pharmacological activation of 5-HT1BR or 5-HT4R attenuated the depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in 5×FAD mice by regulating the DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII neural circuit to improve synaptic plasticity. Conclusions These findings provide a new mechanistic connection between depression and AD and provide potential pharmaceutical prevention targets for AD.

We explore a topology-localization phase diagram by simulating a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with quasiperiodic disorder using a programmable superconducting simulator. We experimentally map out and identify various trivial and topological phases with extended, critical, and localized bulk states. We find that with increasing disorder strength, some extended states can be first replaced by localized states and then by critical states before the system finally becomes fully localized. The critical states exhibit typical features such as multifractality and self-similarity, which lead to surprisingly rich phases with different types of mobility edges and scaling behaviors on the phase boundaries. Our results shed light on the investigation of the topological and localization phenomena in condensed-matter physics.

AAV-mediated gene therapy typically requires a high dose of viral transduction, risking acute immune responses and patient safety, part of which is due to limited understanding of the host-viral interactions, especially post-transduction viral genome processing. Here, through a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified SMCHD1 (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes Hinge Domain 1), an epigenetic modifier, as a critical broad-spectrum restricting host factor for post-entry AAV transgene expression. SMCHD1 knock-down by RNAi and CRISPRi or knock-out by CRISPR all resulted in significantly enhanced transgene expression across multiple viral serotypes, as well as for both single-strand and self-complementary AAV genome types. Mechanistically, upon viral transduction, SMCHD1 effectively repressed AAV transcription by the formation of an LRIF1-HP1-containing protein complex and directly binding with the AAV genome to maintain a heterochromatin-like state. SMCHD1-KO or LRIF1-KD could disrupt such a complex and thus result in AAV transcriptional activation. Together, our results highlight the host factor-induced chromatin remodeling as a critical inhibitory mechanism for AAV transduction and may shed light on further improvement in AAV-based gene therapy.

The nanoscale confinement is of great important for the industrial applications of molecular sieve, desalination, and also essential in biological transport systems. Massive efforts have been devoted to the influence of restricted spaces on the properties of confined fluids. However, the situation of channel-wall is crucial but attracts less attention and remains unknown. To fundamentally understand the mechanism of channel-walls in nanoconfinement, we investigated the interaction between the counter-force of the liquid and interlamellar spacing of nanochannel walls by considering the effect of both spatial confinement and surface wettability. The results reveal that the nanochannel stables at only a few discrete spacing states when its confinement is within 1.4 nm. The quantized interlayer spacing is attributed to water molecules becoming laminated structures, and the stable states are corresponding to the monolayer, bilayer and trilayer water configurations, respectively. The results can potentially help to understand the characterized interlayers spacing of graphene oxide membrane in water. Our findings are hold great promise in design of ion filtration membrane and artificial water/ion channels.

This study introduces an integrative framework for association mining within the Chinese battery electric vehicle market, aiming to reveal key user experience (UX) factors and their interrelationships through multidimensional analysis. Utilizing latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), the study discerned primary themes from user-generated content (UGC). The entropy weight method categorized level 2 factors, while domain-adaptive sentiment analysis quantified emotional responses to BEV user experience dimensions, highlighting significant sentiment disparities among competitors. Co-occurrence network analysis deepened insights into the emotional fabric of UX by exploring tertiary factor associations. Theoretically, this study advances a novel framework informed by Norman’s UX theory, integrating analytical techniques to capture the complexity of UX. Practically, it delivers strategic guidance for BEV manufacturers by analyzing emotional polarities and attribute associations, guiding product innovation and responding to market dynamics. The empirical evidence corroborates the framework’s efficacy in revealing the emotional associations within BEVUX factors, offering valuable implications for both theoretical development and practical application.

Product Identity (PI) is a strategic instrument for enterprises to forge brand strength through New Product Development (NPD). Concurrently, facing increasingly fierce market competition, the NPD for consumer emotional requirements (CRs) has become a significant objective in enterprise research and development (R&D). The design of new product forms must ensure the continuity of PI and concurrently address the emotional needs of users. It demands a high level of experience from designers and significant investment in R&D. To solve this problem, a generative and quantitative design method powered by AI, based on Shape Grammar (SG) and Kansei Engineering (KE), is proposed. The specific method is as follows: Firstly, representative products for Morphological Analysis (MA) are selected, SG is applied to establish initial shapes and transformation rules, and prompts are input into Midjourney. This process generates conceptual sketches and iteratively refines them, resulting in a set of conceptual sketches that preserve the PI. Secondly, a web crawler mines online reviews to extract Kansei words. Factor Analysis (FA) clusters them into Kansei factors, and the Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP) calculates their grey weights. Thirdly, after analyzing the PI conceptual sketches for feature extraction, the features are integrated with CRs into the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrix. Experts evaluate the relationships using interval grey numbers, calculating the optimal ranking of PI Engineering Characteristics (PIECs). Finally, professional designers refine the selected sketches into 3D models and detailed designs. Using a Chinese brand as a case study, we have designed a female electric moped (E-moped) to fit the PI and users’ emotional needs. Through a questionnaire survey on the design scheme, we argue that the proposed innovative method is efficient, applicable, and effective in balancing the product form design of PI and user emotions.

The precise relocation of seismic events is critical for many engineering projects. Swarms of minor or micro earthquakes typically reveal stress concentration and spots of greater seismic hazards. Particularly in the context of deep underground mining, advanced techniques that can accurately relocate microseismicities are urgently in demand. Here, we developed a neural network-based modeling training method that can precisely relocate seismicities and invert for velocities at the same time, with preconfigured receiver network locations. Our model can be iteratively improved with field recorded data. We showed that, with roughly eight iterations, we can reasonably resolve for the earthquake locations for both clusters of events, namely spatially distributed with linear pattern or randomly scattered. Our initially trained model, which only focused on events that had a linear distribution pattern, was used as the base for the training of the subsequent models which could better resolve for randomly scattered event locations. Although we stopped at the eighth iteration, the process reported here can be continued, as the model will have a better performance with more iterations.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a condition characterized by acute multi-system vasculitis and high fever in infants and children. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the established therapeutic approach of KD,foralleviating inflammation and mitigate the risk of arterial wall dilation and the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). But almost 20% of the patients developed resistance to IVIG and displayed persistent fever after standard primary treatment. TSPAN5, belonging to the Tetraspanin family, has been demonstrated to modulate innate immunity in a range of human diseases. It accomplishes this by engaging with integrins and actively participating in the process of infection recognition. However, its relevance to susceptibility and IVIG therapy response of KD was unexposed. In the present study, our Integrative analysis of KD transcriptomic data and GTEx data revealed that the eQTL rs12504972 might modify the downregulation of TSPAN5 in KD patients. Moreover, our findings suggest a potential association between TSPAN5/rs12504972 and an elevated susceptibility as well as IVIG resistance among patients with Kawasaki disease in southern China. The results provided a new insight that TSPAN5 triggered KD susceptibility and resistance of IVIG therapy on the genomic level.

BackgroundThe relationship between dietary folate intake and prior mortality in adult patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has not been clearly studied. We aimed to examine the relationship between dietary folate intake and all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in adult NAFLD patients in the US.MethodsUsing data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 and associated mortality data we conducted a cohort study of US adult NAFLD subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality, accounting for potential confounders. The study employed restricted cubic spline analysis to investigate the non-linear association between dietary folate levels and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease.ResultsOur final cohort consisted of 3,266 NAFLD patients, with a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 691 deaths were observed, including 221 cardiovascular deaths. Compared to participants with a folate intake in Quartile 1 (≤250 μg/d), those in Quartile 4 (≥467.5 μg/d) had multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51-0.94) for all-cause mortality (p for trend = 0.028) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.29-1.04) for CVD mortality (p for trend = 0.107). A non-linear relationship between dietary intake and risk of death was not observed.ConclusionGreater dietary folate intake is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause in American adults with NAFLD. Higher dietary folate intake not found to be associated with lower CVD mortality. These findings suggest that dietary folate may improve the prognosis of adult NAFLD patients. The measured-response relationship between dietary folate intake and mortality in patients with NAFLD requires further investigation.

Background: The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is not fully understood. Previous work has demonstrated the important role of circular RNA (circRNA) in pulmonary fibrosis development. This study aims to analyse the role of circ_0035796 in pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Human foetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL1) cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to mimic a pulmonary fibrosis cell model. The expression of circ_0035796, microRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p) and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of L1CAM, collagen I and fibronectin was detected by Western blot. Cell viability was analysed by CCK-8 assay. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were investigated by 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, transwell invasion assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. The secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was analysed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level using commercial kits. The association of miR-150-5p with circ_0035796 and L1CAM was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results: Circ_0035796 and L1CAM expression were dramatically upregulated, while miR-150-5p expression was downregulated in TGF-β1-treated HFL1 cells. TGF-β1 treatment induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, and oxidative stress, whereas circ_0035796 depletion relieved these effects. In addition, circ_0035796 acted as a sponge of miR-150-5p and miR-150-5p combined with L1CAM. Moreover, miR-150-5p depletion attenuated circ_0035796 knockdown-mediated effects in TGF-β1-exposed HFL1 cells. The regulation of miR-150-5p on TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation involved the downregulation of L1CAM. Further, circ_0035796 modulated L1CAM expression by interacting with miR-150-5p in TGF-β1-exposed HFL1 cells. Conclusion: Circ_0035796 knockdown ameliorates TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through the miR-150-5p/L1CAM axis in vitro.

BackgroundHypertension has now developed into a major public health problem worldwide. Under the existing antihypertensive drug treatment paradigm, problems such as decreasing drug resistance and increasing drug side effects can occur for elderly patients. Acupuncture, a core technique in the non-pharmacological treatment of Chinese medicine, plays an important role in the treatment of elevated blood pressure.ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of acupuncture alone or in combination with antihypertensive drugs on the efficiency of reducing blood pressure and controlling blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.MethodsArticles of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for hypertension in the elderly published before November 2022 were searched in 7 databases. The methodological quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The primary outcome was the efficiency rate of blood pressure reduction, and the secondary outcome was the change in blood pressure after treatment.ResultsThis study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,466 subjects. Among the primary outcome—efficiency rate, acupuncture-only treatment (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.20, P

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription factories play a central role in gene expression and 3D chromatin organization. Here, the authors demonstrate that RUVBL2 directly regulates Pol II clustering at active gene promoters.

Digitalization has emerged as a new trend in healthcare, with great potential and creating many unique opportunities, as well as many challenges. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of disease-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the threat to life posed by acute heart failure is evident. In addition to traditional collegiate therapies, this article reviews the current status and subdisciplinary impact of digital healthcare at the level of combined Chinese and Western medical therapies. It also further discusses the prospects for the development of this approach, with the objective of developing an active role for digitalization in the combination of Western and Chinese medicine for the management of acute heart failure in order to support maintenance of cardiovascular health in the population.

Abstract Here we report a breakthrough in the fabrication of a long lifetime transmon qubit. We use tantalum films as the base superconductor. By using a dry etching process, we obtained transmon qubits with a best T 1 lifetime of 503 μs. As a comparison, we also fabricated transmon qubits with other popular materials, including niobium and aluminum, under the same design and fabrication processes. After characterizing their coherence properties, we found that qubits prepared with tantalum films have the best performance. Since the dry etching process is stable and highly anisotropic, it is much more suitable for fabricating complex scalable quantum circuits, when compared to wet etching. As a result, the current breakthrough indicates that the dry etching process of tantalum film is a promising approach to fabricate medium- or large-scale superconducting quantum circuits with a much longer lifetime, meeting the requirements for building practical quantum computers.

BackgroundAs a common clinical symptom, insomnia has a high incidence of combined mental illness and it is also a risk factor for the development of depression, anxiety and suicide. As a new concept in the field of health in recent years, mindfulness therapy can improve insomnia, anxiety and depression, which is a new way to solve such diseases.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of mindfulness compared with conventional treatment on scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) in people with insomnia and anxiety-depressive symptoms.MethodsArticles published before October 2022 were searched from seven databases and included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate mindfulness therapy. The assessment tool of Cochrane bias risk was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the literature. The main outcome indicators were HAMD and HAMA scores, and the secondary outcome indicators were SDS and SAS scores.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials including 1,058 subjects were systematically evaluated and meta-analyzed in this study. In the main outcome indicators, there was a significant difference between mindfulness therapy and conventional treatment in reducing HAMD score (MD: −3.67, 95% CI: −5.22–2.11, p

Abstract Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of primary liver tumors are of great significance, and optical imaging has been widely employed in clinical imaging-guided surgery for liver tumors. The second near-infrared window (NIR-II) emissive AIEgen photosensitizers have attracted a lot of attention with higher-resolution bioimaging and deeper penetration. NIR-II aggregation-induced emission-based luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizers have better phototherapeutic effects and accuracy of the image-guided surgery/phototherapy. Herein, an NIR-II AIEgen phototheranostic dot was proposed for NIR-II imaging-guided resection surgery and phototherapy for orthotopic hepatic tumors. Compared with indocyanine green (ICG), the AIEgen dots showed bright and sharp NIR-II emission at 1250 nm, which extended to 1600 nm with high photostability. Moreover, the AIEgen dots efficiently generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy. Investigations of orthotopic liver tumors in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that AIEgen dots could be employed both for imaging-guided tumor surgery of early-stage tumors and for ‘downstaging’ intention to reduce the size. Moreover, the therapeutic strategy induced complete inhibition of orthotopic tumors without recurrence and with few side effects. Graphical Abstract

Owing to the advantages of ultra-wide bandgap and rich material systems, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has emerged as a highly viable semiconductor material for new researches. This article mainly focuses on the growth processes, material characteristics, and applications of Ga2O3. Compared with single crystals and the epitaxial growth of other wide-bandgap semiconductors, large-size and high-quality β-Ga2O3 single crystals can be efficiently grown with a low cost, making them highly competitive. Thanks to the availability of high-quality single crystals, epitaxial films, and rich material systems, high-performance semiconductor devices based on Ga2O3 go through a booming development in recent years. The defects and interfaces of Ga2O3 are comprehensively analyzed owing to their significant influence on practical applications. In this study, the two most common applications of Ga2O3 materials are introduced. The high breakdown electric field, high working temperature, and excellent Baliga's figure-of-merit of Ga2O3 represent an inspiring prospect for power electronic devices. In addition, the excellent absorption in deep-ultraviolet band provides new ideas for optoelectronic detectors and ensures the dramatic progress. Finally, the summary, challenges, and prospects of the Ga2O3 materials and devices are presented and discussed.

The absorption of CO2 is of importance in carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology for greenhouse gas control. In the present work, we clarified the mechanism of how metal-based ionic liquids (MBILs), Bmim[XCln]m (X is the metal atom), enhance the CO2 absorption capacity of ILs via performing molecular dynamics simulations. The sparse hydrogen bond interaction network constructed by CO2 and MBILs was identified through the radial distribution function and interaction energy of CO2-ion pairs, which increase the absorption capacity of CO2 in MBILs. Then, the dynamical properties including residence time and self-diffusion coefficient confirmed that MBILs could also promote the diffusion process of CO2 in ILs. That's to say, the MBILs can enhance the CO2 absorption capacity and the diffusive ability simultaneously. Based on the analysis of structural, energetic and dynamical properties, the CO2 absorption capacity of MBILs increases in the order Cl− → [ZnCl4]2−→ [CuCl4]2−→ [CrCl4]− → [FeCl4]−, revealing the fact that the short metal–Cl bond length and small anion volume could facilitate the performance of CO2 absorbing process. These findings show that the metal–Cl bond length and effective volume of the anion can be the effective factors to regulate the CO2 absorption process, which can also shed light on the rational molecular design of MBILs for CO2 capture and other key chemical engineering processes, such as IL-based gas sensors, nano-electrical devices and so on.

Abstract Background The relationship between transcription and the 3D chromatin structure is debated. Multiple studies have shown that transcription affects global Cohesin binding and 3D genome structures. However, several other studies have indicated that inhibited transcription does not alter chromatin conformations. Results We provide the most comprehensive evidence to date to demonstrate that transcription plays a relatively modest role in organizing the local, small-scale chromatin structures in mammalian cells. We show degraded Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III proteins in mESCs cause few or no changes in large-scale 3D chromatin structures, selected RNA polymerases with a high abundance of binding sites or active promoter-associated interactions appear to be relatively more affected after the degradation, transcription inhibition alters local, small loop domains, as indicated by high-resolution chromatin interaction maps, and loops with bound Pol II but without Cohesin or CTCF are identified and found to be largely unchanged after transcription inhibition. Interestingly, Pol II depletion for a longer time significantly affects the chromatin accessibility and Cohesin occupancy, suggesting that RNA polymerases are capable of affecting the 3D genome indirectly. These direct and indirect effects explain the previous inconsistent findings on the influence of transcription inhibition on the 3D genome. Conclusions We conclude that Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III loss alters local, small-scale chromatin interactions in mammalian cells, suggesting that the 3D chromatin structures are pre-established and relatively stable.

Sensitivity analysis is a conventional power grid analysis method that has been widely used in active power safety correction of power systems. This method relies on linearizing the power flow equation, assuming that the control variable change will continue to act on the power system until a new steady-state operating point is reached. However, this method ignores the quasi-steady-state physical response of power equipment to various control operations, which makes the method not suitable for real-time decision-making. Therefore, according to the improved equal and opposite quantity adjustment principle, this paper proposes a practical power flow correction control strategy, that can avoid repeated and inefficient adjustments of the system. In the proposed method, the single-machine sensitivity matrix under the AC power flow model is obtained based on the Taylor series expansion of the power flow equation. Subsequently, the multi-machine sensitivity with no dependence on the choice of the balancing machine is proposed considering the quasi-steady-state method. The study is verified on a practical system, showing that the proposed method has an error of less than 1% with a rapid computation speed. The proposed method satisfies the requirements of real-time analysis and online control strategies, which can provide a more practical approach for active power safety correction.

To reduce traffic congestion and pollution, urban rail transit in China has been in a stage of rapid development in recent years. As a result, rail transit service interruption events are becoming more common, seriously affecting the resilience of the transportation system and user satisfaction. Therefore, determining the changing mechanism of the passenger waiting tolerance, which helps establish a scientific and effective emergency plan, is urgent. First, the variables and levels of the urban rail service interruption scenarios were screened and determined, and the stated preference questionnaire was designed using the orthogonal design method. Further, the data of the waiting tolerance of passengers during service interruptions were obtained through questionnaires. Second, combined with the questionnaire data, an accelerated failure time model that obeys the exponential distribution was constructed. The results indicate that factors such as the service interruption duration, travel distance, bus bridging, information accuracy, attention to operation information, travel frequency and interruption experience affect the waiting tolerance of passengers during service interruptions. Finally, combined with the sensitivity analysis of the key influencing factors, the policy analysis and suggestions are summarized to provide theoretical support for the urban rail operation and management department to capture the passenger waiting tolerance accurately during service interruptions and formulate an efficient, high-quality emergency organization plan.

Breaking through the limit of conventional compression and combustion, wave rotor and trapped vortex combustors are able to improve the thermal efficiency of gas turbines. Detailed two-dimensional numerical simulations based on Ansys Fluent were performed to study the flow and combustion characteristics of the wave rotor–trapped vortex combustor system. The calculated pressure characteristics agree with the experimental results giving a relative error for average pressure of 0.189% at Port 2 and of 0.672% at Port 4. The flow stratification characteristics and the periodic fluctuations were found to benefit the zonal organized combustion in the trapped vortex combustor. For the six cases of different rotor speeds, as the rotor speed increased, the oxygen mass fraction at the combustor inlet rose and then fell. The proportion of exhaust gas recirculation fell at first and then rose, and the combustion mode became unstable with the dominant frequencies of the fluctuations increasing.

ObjectiveBoth large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and high jugular bulb (HJB) are regarded as abnormalities commonly seen on the temporal bone CT. High jugular bulb has been found to erode the vestibular aqueduct, and there are several studies on jugular bulb vestibular aqueduct dehiscence. However, there is no study that specifically reports LVAS with concurrent HJB and its hearing loss relatedness. This study presents the pure tone audiometry differences between LVAS with HJB, and LVAS without HJB.MethodsThis was a case control study involving 36 bilateral LVAS with concurrent unilateral HJB patients, total of 72 ears. Intra-person comparison was done, by dividing ears into two groups: the case group, 36 ears (LVAS with HJB); and the control group, 36 ears (LVAS without HJB). Air conduction thresholds (250–4000 Hz), bone conduction thresholds (250–1000 Hz), and air bone gap (250–1000 Hz) were analyzed and compared between groups.ResultThere were statistically significant differences in AC thresholds at 250, 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz between the groups, p < 0.05. But there was no statistical significant difference at 1000 Hz, p > 0.05. There were statistical significant differences in BC thresholds at 250 and 500 Hz, p < 0.05, but there was no statistical difference at 1000 Hz. There were no significant differences in air bone gap at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz between the two groups.ConclusionLVAS with concurrent HJB was found to have higher air conduction thresholds, especially at 250, 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Bone conduction thresholds were higher at 250 and 500 Hz. Air bone gap at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz, were not significantly higher in LVAS with concurrent HJB.

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer constitutes one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies for females. Currently, early detection strategies and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are far from satisfactory, leading to high diagnosis rates at late stages and disease relapses. New avenues of therapy are needed that target key processes in ovarian cancer progression. While a variety of non-coding RNAs have been proven to regulate ovarian cancer metastatic progression, the functional roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in this process are less well defined. Results In this study, we identify that the RBP sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (SORBS2) is a potent suppressor of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization. Mechanistic studies show that SORBS2 binds the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of WFDC1 (WAP four-disulfide core domain 1) and IL-17D (Interleukin-17D), two secreted molecules that are shown to act as metastasis suppressors. Enhanced expression of either WFDC1 or IL-17D potently represses SORBS2 depletion-mediated cancer metastasis promotion. By enhancing the stability of these gene transcripts, SORBS2 suppresses ovarian cancer invasiveness and affects monocyte to myeloid-derived suppressor cell and M2-like macrophage polarization, eliciting a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment. Conclusions Our data illustrate a novel post-transcriptional network that links cancer progression and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment through SORBS2-mediated transcript stabilization.

To understand the anomalous electronic transport properties of ZrTe5 remains an elusive puzzle. Here, Zhang et al. report direct electronic evidence to the origin of the resistivity anomaly and temperature induced Lifshitz transition in ZrTe5, indicating it being a weak topological insulator.

Cancer invasion programs are adaptive by switching between metastatic collective and single-cell dissemination; however, current intravital microscopy models for epithelial cancer in mice fail to reliably recreate such invasion plasticity. Using microimplantation of breast cancer spheroids into the murine mammary fat pad and live-cell monitoring, we show microenvironmental conditions and cytoskeletal adaptation during collective to single-cell transition in vivo. E-cadherin-expressing 4T1 and E-cadherin-negative MMT tumors both initiated collective invasion along stromal structures, reflecting invasion patterns in 3D organotypic culture and human primary ductal and lobular carcinoma. Collectively invading cells developed weakly oscillatory actin dynamics, yet provided zones for single-cell transitions with accentuated, more chaotic actin fluctuations. This identifies collective invasion in vivo as a dynamic niche and efficient source for single-cell release.

During cell migration, cell-substrate binding is required for pseudopod anchoring to move the cell forward, yet the interactions with the substrate must be sufficiently weak to allow parts of the cell to de-adhere in a controlled manner during typical protrusion/retraction cycles. Mammalian cells actively control cell-substrate binding and respond to extracellular conditions with localized integrin-containing focal adhesions mediating mechanotransduction. We asked whether mechanotransduction also occurs during non-integrin mediated migration by examining the motion of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which is thought to bind non-specifically to surfaces. We discovered that Dictyostelium cells are able to regulate forces generated by the actomyosin cortex to maintain optimal cell-surface contact area and adhesion on surfaces of various chemical composition and that individual cells migrate with similar speed and contact area on the different surfaces. In contrast, during collective migration, as observed in wound healing and metastasis, the balance between surface forces and protrusive forces is altered. We found that Dictyostelium collective migration dynamics are strongly affected when cells are plated on different surfaces. These results suggest that the presence of cell-cell contacts, which appear as Dictyostelium cells enter development, alter the mechanism cells use to migrate on surfaces of varying composition.

The present research focuses on the role of "official accounts" on WeChat, designed for the dissemination of textual content in the Chinese language. Currently, it is the main channel for information dissemination in that language. The objective is to investigate changes in this function between 2020 and 2023, and their impact on the mode of production and dissemination of content. To achieve this goal, a qualitative comparative methodology has been used, comparing the services in the function as it was before 2020 and its current state in 2023. Specifically, innovations are classified into three aspects: content format, interaction, and text indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]