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Abstract Background Vaccinium uliginosum (Ericaceae) is an important wild berry having high economic value. The white-fruited V. uliginosum variety found in the wild lacks anthocyanin and bears silvery white fruits. Hence, it is a good resource for investigating the mechanism of fruit color development. This study aimed to verify the differences in the expression levels of some structural genes and transcription factors affecting the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway by conducting high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and real-time PCR analysis by using the ripening fruits of V. uliginosum and the white-fruited variety. Results We annotated 42,837 unigenes. Of the 325 differentially expressed genes, 41 were up-regulated and 284 were down-regulated. Further, 11 structural genes of the flavonoid pathway were up-regulated, whereas two were down-regulated. Of the seven genes encoding transcription factors, five were up-regulated and two were down-regulated. The structural genes VuCHS, VuF3’H, VuFHT, VuDFR, VuANS, VuANR, and VuUFGT and the transcription factors VubHLH92, VuMYB6, VuMYBPA1, VuMYB11, and VuMYB12 were significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of only VuMYB6 and VuMYBPA1 rapidly increased during the last two stages of V. uliginosum when the fruit was ripening, consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Conclusions VuMYB6 was annotated as MYB1 by the BLAST tool. Thus, the white fruit color in the V. uliginosum variant can be attributed to the down-regulation of transcription factors VuMYB1 and VuMYBPA1, which leads to the down-regulation of structural genes associated with the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.

In order to solve the problems including low fruit-bearing rate and low yield caused by blind plantation in production, the medium formula for pohen germination of Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd., its poUination habit, self-compatibility and open poüination compatibility between different superior individuals were investigated with superior individuals from superior wild individuals of L caerulea in Changbai Mountains as experimental materials. Self-compatibility and open poüination compatibility among different fine plants provide theoretical basis for its further application and further selection of new varieties. The results showed the optimal medium for germination of L. caerulea pohen was 27.5% sucrose g 100 PPM boric acid with a pHvalue of 6.0. On this medium, the superior individuals L1, L2 and L3 had the pohen germination rates of 53.4%, 50.9% and 51.6%, respectively. The three superior individuals had no significant deferences in the quantity of germinated pohen tubes, which ranged from 1 to 4. The three excellent singe plants were the most likely to germinate a single pohen tube, accounting for 83. 3% of the pohen germinated and 89. 6% of the pohen germinated. Therefore, in production, it is necessary to plant L1 with a certain amount of poUination trees or plant it together with multiple species, to improve its yield. On the contrary, L2 and L3 have no need for poUination trees theoretically, but whether the fruits obtained by self-poHination and outcrossing differ in quality stiil needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study was conducted to provide high-quality polyploid for returning the grain plots to forestry and promote the rapid development of Lonicera edulis Turcz. [Methods] With superior individuals of wild L. edulis in Changbai Mountains as experimental materials and colchicine as inducer, polyploid induction was performed twice on diploid plants by addition method, and 7 polyploidy plants were identified from 11 regenerated plantlets. [Results] Among the 7 polyploidy plants, four materials were tetraploid, the concentration and treatment time of which were 300 mg/L and 7 and 14 d, respectively; and three materials were octaploid, the concentrations and treatment time of which were 300 and 500 mg/L and 14 d, respectively. [Conclusions] The results of this study showed that colchicine had a higher polyploid induction rate for L. edulis with lower toxic and side effects, and the polyploidy plants could restore to normal growth state after several times of cubculture. Therefore, colchicine is an polyploid inducer suitable for L. edulis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Science & Technology is the property of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Science & Technology is the property of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] This study aimed to shorten the multiplication culture and rooting culture periods of Rh. chrysanthum Pall. [Method] The Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets collected from Changbai Mountain were used as material, and the effects of different hormone combinations and coconut milk on the proliferation and differentiation of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were investigated. In addition, the rooting medium and transplanting matrix for Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were explored. [Result] The medium composed of modified MS, IBA (3 mg/L) and ZT (1.5 mg/L) was the optimum medium for subculture multiplication of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets. The multiplication multiple and average plant height were significantly improved by adding coconut milk into the medium (150 mg/L). [Conclusion] For Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets, the optimum rooting culture medium was composed of modified MS (1/4) and IBA (5.0 mg/L), and the tissue culture plantlets began to root 8 d after the inoculation. The root induction treatment was carried out after a 15-d sand culture, and the suitable matrix was composed of turfy soil, humus soil and perlite (2:1:1) with a survival rate of 95.66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]