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This study uses the structural equation model as the analysis tool, and aims to explore the effects of tourism experience on job involvement and well-being. The subjects are full-time workers who have travelled in the last 12 months. This investigation is based on purposive sampling and e-questionnaires, uses analytical tools SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 19.0, and 360 valid questionnaires are retrieved. According to the research findings: (1) tourism experience positively influences job involvement; (2) tourism experience does not positively influence well-being; and (3) job involvement positively influences well-being. Based on the above, this study suggests that managers plan appropriate trips according to employees' demands. Experiential activities should be appealing and trigger internal affective connections through external experience, in order to reinforce job involvement and well-being in life. The research results also reveal that, of the five experiences, i.e., sensual experience, emotional experience, thinking experience, action experience, and related experience, the regression coefficient of emotional experience is the highest, which shows why story marketing has taken an important position among marketing strategies. The different types of tourism experience include recreational sightseeing, cultural sightseeing, entertaining sightseeing, and sports sightseeing where recreational sightseeing accounts for 58.1%. Under the existing system, there may have been items that did not apply to the respondents, which would result in deviations or errors in the questionnaires; in the case of any special or major changes in the external environment

The aim of this study was to discuss the Research of Community Tai Chi Chuan Participants' Leisure Benefits and Well-being. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the community Tai Chi Chuan participants in Taoyuan city. A total of 500 valid questionnaires were retrieved, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 7.0 structural equation model analysis (SEM). The findings were as followed: 1) The background variables of the community Tai Chi Chuan participants in Taoyuan City: Gender had no difference in the factor of ``psychological benefit'' of leisure benefits. Occupation, age, education, the number of times a week to participate community Tai Chi Chuan and participation in seniority reached significant difference in leisure benefits. 2) The background variables of the community Tai Chi Chuan participants in Taoyuan City: gender, occupation, age, education, the number of times a week to participate community Tai Chi Chuan, participation in seniority reached significant difference in well-being. 3) The study showed community Tai Chi Chuan participants' leisure benefits had a significant positive correlation in well-being. Based on the findings, suggestions were proposed to related Taiwan Tai Chi Chuan promotion for reference.

Programme evaluation regarding how to trigger consumers’ impulse buying behaviour has become a concern of enterprises in terms of developing effective marketing models. Using the quantitative method, this study probed into the effects of cosmetics consumers’ consumption situation and experiential marketing in marketing activities on brand image and impulse buying behaviour. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the causal relationships among four factors. The results suggested that consumers who are female, unmarried, aged 30–35 years old, have a university degree, and work in the service industry are prone to impulsive buying of cosmetics. Moreover, both consumption situation and experiential marketing were found to positively influence brand image. Cosmetics differ from other retail goods in so far as the ‘consumption situation’ must influence consumers’ ‘impulse buying behaviour’ through ‘experiential marketing’. Based on the findings, ...

This study aims to discuss the effects of involvement in recreational sports on physical and mental health and satisfaction with life. The elderly aged 65 and above in Changhua City in Taiwan were selected by convenience sampling, and total 212 valid copies were acquired. Questionnaire survey and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were utilized for testing the model in this study. The analysis results show the favorable goodness of fit and the following findings. 1. Involvement in recreational sports would positively affect physical and mental health of the elderly. 2. Physical and mental health shows positive effects on their quality of life of the elderly. 3. Physical and mental health shows mediating effects on the relations between involvement in recreational sports and quality of life of the elderly. The results indicated that the main consideration for involvement in recreational sports was "centrality". "Mental health" in physical and mental health is mostly emphasized by the elderly; "social interactions" were considered an important dimension of their quality of life. These findings suggested that in response to the advent of rapidly aging society, senior citizens are encouraged to engage in leisure activities, which could promote physical and mental health, improve quality of life, and achieve "successful aging" in their senior life.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of holding sport mega-events on city brand awareness and city brand image, using the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung and the people of Taiwan as the research subjects. Convenience sampling was used for distribution of the questionnaire, and 1,272 valid samples were obtained. SPSS 12.0 statistical software was used for structural analysis of the samples, and LISREL 8.20 statistical software was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis on the various dimensions of the questionnaire. Finally, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the model and confirm that it had a good fit. This study made a number of important findings. The hosting of sport mega-events has a significant effect on city brand awareness. City brand awareness has a significant effect on city brand image. Sport mega-events have an indirect effect on city brand image, and city brand awareness has a mediating effect. These research results could be used as a reference for cities that actively seek to establish city branding.

The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between adolescent participation in leisure activity, its benefits, and coping with stress. Questionnaire surveys and structural equation model (SEM) were used for testing, and the analytical results showed that the model has good fit. The main findings of this study are: (1) youth participation in leisure activity would positively influence benefits of leisure activity; (2) participation in leisure activity has a significant positive correlation to adolescent coping with stress; (3) benefits of leisure activity has a significant positive influence on coping with stress. Research results showed that among participation in leisure activity, “kinetic activity” is the most important element for adolescent choice; among benefits of leisure activity, “enrich the quality of life” and “enhance self-worth” are most emphasized by adolescents. In terms of coping with stress, adolescents generally use “avoidance coping.” According to the research results, it is suggested that under the current social and cultural framework, promotion of adolescent participation in leisure activity can help them increase avoidance coping when faced with stress.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of technological creativity for sports and knowledge sharing on individual performance, and to analyze the correlation among creativity for sports technologies, knowledge sharing, and individual performance, via the mediating effect of athletes' self‐efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThis study selected 250 current athletes, including tennis players, track and field athletes, volleyball players, etc. as the subjects. Statistical methods, such as Cronbach's α, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, regression analysis, and path analysis, were used to perform analyses.FindingsIt was found that among the technological creativity for sports, athletes' creativity and analytic capacity had significant positive influence on task performance and team performance in athletes' individual performance. In other words, the improvement in athletes' self‐efficacy may improve their creativity and level of technological capacity, which further improves team performance and task performance.Originality/valueFor coaches it is necessary to constantly strengthen athletes' self‐efficacy and provide them with the space for the development of creativity and technological capacity in order to specifically improve their athletic performance. This study integrated relevant theories of technological creativity with those of self‐efficacy to investigate issues regarding improvements in athletes' performance. At present, there is a lack of relevant studies on technological creativity for sports. The research results can serve as a reference to future studies for continuous clarification of investigations into technological creativity for sports.

Although many studies have discussed visual acuity (VA), the childhood myopia epidemic has not been alleviated and requires further investigation. This study, therefore, investigates the differences in children’s VA among various family structures and the effects of visual health attitudes (VHA) and visual health behaviors (VHB) on VA. The children in low socioeconomic status (SES) families in Changhua County, Taiwan are the main research subjects. Using purposive sampling, the study conducts a questionnaire survey and a VA examination on low SES children, undergoing counseling at two social welfare organizations in Taiwan. The VA examination was conducted at the two social welfare organizations by an ophthalmologist from Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, between October 2016 and December 2016. 265 questionnaires were returned. Significantly, over 60% of the samples of low SES children were not living with their parents. Of these children, the highest proportion (35.8%) lived with their mothers; the second-highest (31.3%), lived with their grandparents; and the third highest (29.4%), lived with their fathers. 86.4% of the low SES children had poor (below 1.0) VA. The study, therefore, concludes that schools should focus on low SES students, and should focus on improving the VHA of the youngest students.

An approach based on sequential extraction separation and the subsequent ICP-MS measurement was introduced to determine 99Tc in radioactive wastes. The radwastes were firstly alkaline-fused and the 99Tc was separated by a sequential solvent extraction prior to ICP-MS measurement. NaDDC was selected as a chelation reagent in the solvent extraction processes. The influence of HCl and matrix concentration on the recovery yield and the effectiveness of removing isobar and unwanted radionuclides, such as 137Cs, 54Mn, 60Co and 110mAg, were evaluated. The designed sequential extraction procedure was optimized by an extraction experiment. The proposed technique is proven to be a simple and practical alternative for 99Tc determination in low-level radioactive wastes; chemical separation of 99Tc can be simplified and preconcentration such as precipitation and/or ion exchange, before the solvent extraction, can be excluded.

Performance of a 3.8 × 3.8 cm BGO detector used as a gamma ray spectrometer was tested after thermal neutron bombardment. The drift of photopeak channel as well as change of absolute counting efficiency and photopeak energy resolution became severe as the BGO detector was bombarded with thermal neutrons to 1013 nth/cm2. Irradiation with thermal neutrons beyond 1015 nth/cm2 disabled the BGO detector as a gamma ray spectrometer due to the intense interference from internal radioactivity induced by neutron reactions.

Application of bismuth germanate detector to high-energy gamma ray spectrometer is demonstrated. A 2.5″ × 2″ BGO detector is used to measure the 6.129 MeV decay gamma ray emitted from 16 N in reactor coolant, to identify the 10.829 MeV prompt photon for determination of explosive-like material, and to survey 5–15 MeV cosmic radiation on an elevated mountain. In all cases the BGO outperforms the conventional NaI scintillator due to its higher density and detecting efficiency.

A coincidence gamma spectrometer has been used to measure the 134Cs activity in the presence of intense interference from 137Cs and from natural radioactivity in environmental samples. The coincidence spectrometer, with a large BGO scintillator for gating purposes and a HPGe detector for the coincident spectrum, is designed to enhance the coincidence full energy peak counting rate of 134Cs and to suppress the single photon counting rate of 137Cs as well as other natural radionuclides. An overall enhancement factor of 120 is obtained in coincidence while the interfering full energy peaks are substantially suppressed. Absolute counting efficiency of the coincidence spectrometer is calibrated for environmental samples with activity ratios of A( 134 Cs )/A( 137 Cs ) down to 5 × 10−5. Other applications and the flexibility of the spectroscopic system are discussed.

High-resolution gamma-ray spectra of radioactive aqueous samples with volume of 0.1–4.0 L were measured using a 20% relative efficiency germanium detector. A total of 308 spectra, covering the photoenergy range of 50–1500 keV, were sorted and analyzed with various sample geometries. The optimum dimensions of a Marinelli-like container were obtained to maximize the count rate of aqueous samples up to 4 L. Relations among the radius, height and volume of the optimum geometry for the Marinelli-like container are established.

A multipurpose Compton suppression γ-ray spectrometer is used for environmental monitoring. A high-purity germanium detector is positioned in a large size NaI(Tl) guard detector and coupled to an anticoincidence gating system. Environmental samples of rainwater collected after the Chernobyl accident are monitored with and without anti-Compton operation. The optimum ratio of the peak-to-Compton edge at 662 keV γ-rays is 472:1. The detection limit of 137 Cs concentration in a pretreated rain sample is 0.09 Bq for a 20000 s counting period. Characteristics of this spectrometer and features of the γ-ray spectrum collected for fallout monitoring are discussed.