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Two new 22-membered macrolide metabolites, phthoramycins B (1) and C (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. HU210. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against human leukemia cell line K562 and lung carcinoma cell line A549.

The myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue structure between the suboccipital musculature and the spinal dura mater (SDM). However, few reports on the development and maturation of the human MDB. 30 head and neck specimens from human fetuses (F) from 12–40 weeks (W) were made into histological sections. The F12W sections evidenced that the SDM dominated by fibroblasts, attached to the posterior atlantoaxial membrane (PAAM) which completely sealed the atlantoaxial space. In the F13W stage, myofibrils of the suboccipital muscle fibers increased significantly in number. At the F14W stage, a gap was observed at the caudal end of the PAAM. Numerous myodural bridge-like structures were observed blending into the SDM through the gap. At the F15W stage, the MDB fibers originated between the posterior arch of atlas (C1) and the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, and extended forward and downward into the spinal canal through the atlantoaxial gap. Starting at the F21W stage, the MDB fibers were observed to pass through the atlantoaxial interspace and radially attach to the SDM. The present study adds to the knowledge base of developmental morphology research of the human embryonic MDB and provides a developmental morphological basis for its potential functionality.

Two previously undescribed cyclopentenone metabolites, (

A new

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. An association between DM and hearing impairment has been widely discussed. It’s essential to find effective prevetion or diagnosis of diabetic hearing loss. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small molecule protein (12kDa) and plays biological functions such as anti-apoptotic, transcriptional regulation. In this study, our aim is to clarify the protective effect of Trx on diabetic hearing loss to find the early potential therapeutic target of diabetic hearing impairment in clinic in the future. Methods Trx transgenic(Tg) mice was used to induce diabetic model by intraperitoneal injected Streptozotocin (STZ) and with/without SF or PX12 treatment. Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) Staining was used to evaluate the loss of hair cells. The relative expression of related proteins and genes was detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Results In diabetic mice, the outer hair cells were lost significantly. However, the loss of hair cells was delayed over-expression Trx. Moreover, the expression of PGC-1α, bcl-2 and LC3 was increased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice. The expression of ASK1, Txnip, GRP78, CHOP and p62 was decreased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice. Conclusion Taken together, up-regulation Trx can protect cochlear hair cell from damage in diabetes. The underlying mechanism may be related to regulate ER stress through ASK1 and mitochondria pathway or autophagy via Txnip.

A new β-class milbemycin, 13α-hydroxy milbemycin β6 (1), was isolated from the fermentation broth of a mutant of genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis AVE-H39. Its structure and absolute configuration were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Objective: To explore the T lymphocyte subgroup, NK cell activity and inflammatory factors of pyrrone mulder treatment on patients with chronic sinusitis. Methods: 176 cases with chronic sinusitis were selected in the hospitalized patients in otolaryngology head and neck surgery clinic of Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university and Qianjiang central hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 as the research objects, according to with or no pyrrone mulder treatment, divided into experimental group and control group, detected and compared the T lymphocyte subgroup, NK cell activity and inflammatory factors of two groups. Results: T lymphocyte subgroup was compared in the experimental group and control group, after 1 month and 6 months of treatment, the CD3+ (%), CD4+ (%) and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in the 2 groups and higher in the experimental group than in the control group (all P=0.000). CD8+ (%) were compared in the experimental group and the control group, after 1 month and 6 months treatment, CD8+ (%) of the two groups were significantly decreased and the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P=0.000). The activity of NK cells were compared in the experimental group and control group, after 1 month and 6 months treatment, the activity of NK cells in the two groups was significantly higher and the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.000). The IL-6, IL-8 and CRP were compared in the experimental group with the control group, after 1 month and 6 months treatment, the CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (all P=0.000). Conclusion: Pyrrone Mott can improve the immune function of patients with chronic sinusitis and anti-inflammatory function, can play a role in the treatment.

Objective: To investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on hemorheology and serum inflammatory factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: A total of 87 patients with moderate and severe OSAHS from Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of South Central Hospital of Wuhan University and Qianjiang Central Hospital were selected as research objects in the treatment group, while 37 healthy individuals were chosen as objects in the control group. The changes of hemorheology indexes including hematocrit (HCT), whole blood viscosity, platelet aggregation (PAG) and endothelin (ET) as well as serum inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in the control group and the treatment group, and comparisons involving these indexes were made between the two groups. Results: Before treatment, the hemorheology indexes HCT, whole blood viscosity (high, medium and low sheer rates), PAG and ET as well as the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher than those in the control group; after CPAP treatment, all these indexed mentioned above in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment. Conclusion: CPAP treatment has a reliable therapeutic effect on OSAHS patients, which can obviously improve the hemorheology and largely reduce the inflammatory response.

Due to the missile in flight, the airflow temperature around the missile body shall rise and the surface of the missile body shall also be heated. It introduces the engineering calculation method of thick wall aerodynamic heating of the missile, including air flow parameters, heat exchange coefficient and the head surface temperature calculation formula of the missile body.

Parameters optimization design of high-speed moving object is a very complex question. It involves many other subjects both in theoretical research and engineering application. Therefore, it is very significant to research on motion parameter optimization design of high-speed moving object. Firstly, in the known initial moment, the entering depth of moving object is; the initial velocity is; the length of moving object is L; the angle into the water is; and the average relative density of object is. It researches on the optimization of the best slenderness ratio, cavitation number and cavitator radius of high-speed objects. And then it specifically deduces the best motion displacement under the known initial momentum. Finally, it takes computer simulation and imitation to all optimized parameters and gives specific numerical examples by applying MATLAB, which provides theoretical basis for actual experiments.

This paper introduces material nonlinear finite element method and the establishment of finite element equation and realizes accurate modeling and calculation of folding rudder using material nonlinear finite element method. According to calculation and analysis, it is shown that the stress in contact part is relatively large due to stress concentration and material enters plastic deformation area. The influence of material nonlinearity on deformation calculation cannot be neglected. In this paper, deformation calculation results well coincide with experimental results.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, a more accurate understanding of intrahepatic vessels and hepatic segments is necessary. Previously, research in these fields was primarily by means of dissecting livers, preparing corrosion cast specimens, reconstructing three-dimensional MSCT images of intrahepatic vessels, and so on. The aim of this study was to search for a new specimen preparing method, which could demonstrate intrahepatic vessels and the relationships between internal vessels and external structures of liver simultaneously. Rabbit livers were prepared with three different techniques in this study: (a) corrosion-cast technique; (b) transparency technique; and (c) combination technique of cast and transparency. The results showed that the combination of casting and transparent liver specimens in group C could demonstrate both the intrahepatic vessels and the external structures clearly. The relationships between the internal vessels and external structures could also be observed clearly. In conclusion, the combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen created a new approach for the research of intrahepatic vessels, especially for applied basic research of hepatic segments.

With the advanced knowledge economy, much attention has been placed on knowledge integration because of human beings’ cognitive limits. As a spread phenomenon, tacit knowledge integration has becoming a hot topic because of the embedness in social activities and interactions. Previous literatures have advocated the direct effect of social networks (SNs) on knowledge integration despite the fact that most social relations eventually lead to the integration action mediating individual intentions. Given this apparent gap, this paper investigates integrative process of tacit knowledge based on social networks and proposes a novel theory of tacit knowledge integration (TKI) drawn on SNs perspective, technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory construction methodology. The explorative study demonstrates several findings.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, an increasing amount of researchers have reported discrepancies between the real distribution of the hepatic portal vein branches and Couinaud's segmentation, especially for further division of the right medial division. The present study investigated 25 cadaveric liver dissections and 30 three-dimensional reconstruction images of intrahepatic vessels. The ramifications, course, distribution and quantity of the portal branches were analyzed. An oblique fissure that had few vessels was found among third-order branches of the hepatic portal vein of the right medial division. The right medial division could be redivided into the ventral subsegment and dorsal subsegment by this oblique fissure. A hepatic vein coursed in the oblique fissure between the ventral subsegment and dorsal subsegment. The hepatic vein could serve as an anatomical landmark of the inter-subsegmental plane. This new method of identifying further division of the right medial division is a novel concept providing further information on conventional segmental anatomy. Clin. Anat. 25:489–495, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Practically, business activities that have traditionally been conducted via physical mechanisms are being conducted virtually by means of computer technologies. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) has been receiving more and more attention both in academia and industry of recent years. However, socio-technical influences on process performance of CSCW have been placed a vital role and need more emphasis. This paper provides an integrated insight into performance of CSCW process drawn on relevant socio-technical perspectives and theory construction methodology. This study presents a new lens and theoretical framework which describes detailed dimensions of transactive memory systems (TMS). This framework researches the process performance of CSCW through knowledge resource benefits in contemporary society and has superior explanatory power.