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Yue Zheng, Yue Du, Wan-Hong Zhu, Cheng-Guang Zhao Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 111004, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Cheng-Guang Zhao, Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618940255157, Email zhaochengguangzcg@163.comObjective: To explore the causes, clinical features, and laboratory examination characteristics of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis to improve the understanding of this disease, reduce misdiagnosis, and make appropriate diagnoses and treatments.Methods: The clinical data of 44 children with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to August 2021 were collected. The clinical and laboratory examinations of the disease were systematically analyzed.Results: All 44 cases aged 6– 13 years and averaged 10.3 ± 2.1 years, including 32 boys and 12 girls, were diagnosed with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) by lymph node biopsy. Forty-two cases had palpable superficial lymph nodes, and two showed abdominal lymph node enlargement in the imaging examination. The symptoms might be accompanied by mild hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, emaciation, night sweats, rashes, and other manifestations. Leukopenia and neutropenia occurred. The pathological features were extensive coagulative necrosis of lymph nodes with reactive hyperplasia of histiocytes as well as positive IHCl CD68. Four cases had a relapse, and the prognosis of the other cases was good.Conclusion: The case with fever and lymph node enlargement of unknown origin and no response to antibiotic treatment should undergo a pathological examination as early as possible for diagnosis and treatment. The disease has a good prognosis in most cases but may recur in a few cases.Keywords: children, fever, subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, prognosis

Aim The aim of the present study was to screen and verify downstream genes involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by paired box 2 (PAX2) in NRK‐52E cells. Methods NRK‐52E cells were transfected with lentivirus carrying PAX2 gene or no‐load virus respectively. Total RNA was isolated 72 h after transfection from PAX2‐overexpressing cells and control cells. Isolated RNA was then hybridized with the Rat OneArray Plus expression profile chip. The chips were examined by Agilent 0.1 XDR to screen for differentially expressed genes, which were further analyzed to investigate complement‐related genes as genes of interest. Results In NRK‐52E cells, PAX2 overexpression promoted EMT followed by upregulation of 298 genes and downregulation of 293 genes. KEGG analysis indicated the differential expression of genes related to cytokines and their receptors, extracellular matrix (ECM), MAPKs, local adhesion, cancer, the complement cascade, and coagulation. Gene oncology analysis screened out genes related to molecular functions (e.g., hydrolase activity, phospholipase activity, components of the ECM) and biological processes (e.g., cell development, signal transduction, phylogeny), and cell components (e.g., cytoplasm, cell membrane, and ECM). Analysis of the complement system revealed upregulation of C3 and downregulation of CD55 and complement regulator factor H (CFH). Conclusion PAX2 overexpression upregulates EMT in vitro and may regulate C3, CD55, and CFH., Summary at a Glance This molecular analysis examines the effect of overexpressing paired box 2 (PAX2) in a tubule epithelial cell line. Results establish a link between pax2 and both epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the complement pathway.

Novel furoxan-based nitric oxide-releasing derivatives 6a – p of hydroxylcinnamic acids were synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of hydroxylcinnamic acids with furoxan through various alkylol amines. Compounds 6a , e – i and m – p displayed more potent anti-tumor activities superior to control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in most cancer cells tested. Furthermore, 6f could selectively inhibit tumor cells, but not non-tumor cell proliferation. This inhibition was attributed to high levels of NO released in cancer cells and potentially synergistic effect of NO donor moieties and the bioactivity of hydroxylcinnamic acids.

As a major active component in green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) has many anti-oxidative activities. This study investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of EGCG was capable of suppressing oxidative stress in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and probed the potential mechanisms involved. In total, 150 adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=30 each): the control group (group N); the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group (group C), where the unilateral ureter was ligated resulting in an obstructive nephropathy model; and the EGCG group (group T), following unilateral ureteral ligation, rats were intraperitoneally injected with EGCG at a dosage of 2.5 (T1), 5 (T2) and 10 mg/kg/day (T3). Each group of rats was sacrificed 72 h after surgery. We evaluated the effects of EGCG on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione in the renal tissue of rats. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were applied to detect nuclear factor erythoid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) protein expression. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and γ-GCS. Changes in renal ultrastructure were also observed using electron microscopy. There was no significant difference in GSH, and compared with group N, ROS, GSSG and total GSH levels were much higher in the T groups (p

Glutamine has protective effects against renal injuries. This study was designed to explore the possible mechanism underlying the protections by examining the effects of glutamine on extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and p38MAPK expression in the kidney in rats with endotoxemia.One hundred and twenty-one 18-day-old Wistar rats were randomly injected with LPS (4 mg/kg; n=55), LPS (4 mg/kg)+glutamine (1 mL/kg) (n=55), or normal saline (control group; n=11). The two LPS groups were subdivided into five groups sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 24 and 72 hrs after administration (n=11 each). ERK-2 and p38MAPK mRNA and protein expression in the kidney were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of both ERK-2 and p38MAPK in the LPS group significantly increased 2, 4, 6, 24 and 72 hrs after administration (P0.01), and reached a peak at 6 hrs (P0.01). In the LPS+glutamine group, the trend of ERK-2 and p38MAPK expression was similar to the LPS group but their expression levels were significantly lower than those in the LPS group at all time points (P0.05 or 0.01).Both ERK-2 and p38MAPK expression increased in young rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Glutamine alleviates renal injuries possibly by decreasing the expression of both.