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ObjectivesAs an important support for the new power system, hydrogen gas turbines can help reduce carbon emissions and are conducive to grid peak regulation. They are the focus of technological innovation in the global future strategic emerging industries. Many key issues faced by hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology from demonstration to commercialization, need to be solved.MethodsH-class gas turbines were taken as the research object, and the strategic planning and demonstration projects of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation in China and abroad were introduced, and the technology routes of H-class gas turbines of major gas turbine manufacturers were compared. The analysis and suggestion was made from four aspects for the scale application of future hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology, including hydrogen source, system transformation, emission impact and hydrogen blending power generation cost.ResultsRenewable energy electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen will be the main source of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation. In addition, the development of new dry low nitrogen oxide burners, which are suitable for unstable combustion of hydrogen blending, will be the key direction for future hydrogen blending gas turbine system transformation. The higher the hydrogen volume percentage is, the greater the CO2 emission reduction is. However, the NOx emission is on an upward trend. Moreover, there is a risk of exceeding the standard value, and the future cost of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation can reach the same level as the cost of natural gas power generation.ConclusionsWith the reduction of the cost of large-scale renewable energy hydrogen production, and the implementation of carbon tax and the maturity of hydrogen blending power generation technology, the gas turbine hydrogen blending power generation will gradually enter large-scale application.

The traditional method for analyzing the mechanism of stator winding inter turn short-circuit faults of synchronous condensers usually assumes that the stator current of the motor is close to three-phase symmetry, and based on this, a mathematical representation of the fault current of synchronous condensers is established. However, once a stator winding inter turn short-circuit fault occurs, the symmetry of the three-phase stator current of the synchronous condenser will be disrupted, making the mathematical representation established by traditional fault mechanism analysis methods unable to accurately reflect the changes in the internal electrical quantities of the motor. A mathematical model is established for the instantaneous active and reactive power of a synchronous condenser after a fault by introducing the symmetrical component method. Using the second harmonic in the instantaneous active and reactive power for stator winding inter turn short-circuit fault diagnosis is proposed. The simulation and experimental results indicate that compared to the traditional method of diagnosing faults using the ratio of the third harmonic of stator current to the amplitude of the fundamental wave, the proposed method can improve the diagnostic sensitivity by at least seven times under mild fault conditions, making it easy to complete early fault diagnosis. At the same time, the fault feature quantities in the proposed method are not affected by the synchronous condenser operating conditions and fault locations, and also have strong robustness.

We present the results of two population surveys conducted 10 years apart (December 2010–February 2011 and December 2020–January 2021) of the Critically Endangered white-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus in the Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China. In the first survey, we recorded 818 individuals in 105 groups and 16 solitary adult males. In the second survey, we recorded 1,183 individuals in 128 groups and one solitary adult male. As a result of government policies, poaching for food and traditional medicine is no longer a primary threat to these langurs. However, severe forest loss and fragmentation caused by human activities could limit any future increase of this langur population.

BackgroundThe separation and removal of fission products and the recovery of carrier molten salt during nuclear fuel reprocessing in molten salt reactors reduces waste and facilitates useful substance recycling.PurposeThis study aims to separate and remove the rare earth (RE) fission products and recovery of carrier molten salts.MethodsFirstly, high temperature precipitation reactions of rare earth (RE = Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, Yb) and thorium fluorides were studied in LiF-BeF2 melt using sodium sulfide hydate (Na2S·5H2O) as the precipitant. Their removal ratios were subsequently compared under different conditions. Then, a combined precipitation distillation method was employed to further heat the precipitated mixed salt to 950 °C and distilled under vacuum conditions at a pressure of 10 Pa for 20 min. The content and removal ratio of rare earth Nd, as well as contents of oxygen and sulfur, in condensed collected salts were investigated after using above improved precipitation-distillation processing. Finally, further analysis of the composition of sediment was conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS).ResultsThe results demonstrate that RE removal ratios are less than 90% when the RE to precipitant ratio is 1:2 at 600 ℃ whilst the RE Nd content in the salt collected by condensation is reduced to 1.39×10-4 g∙g-1, and its removal ratio is increased to 99.6% with further improved precipitation-distillation processing. Simultaneously, the oxygen and sulfur contents are 8.5×10-5 g∙g-1 and 1.50×10-4 g∙g-1, respectively. Analysis results of XRD, XPS and EDS indicate that the sediment mainly consists of RE sulfide and sulfur oxide.ConclusionsThis study confirms the feasibility of separating RE from waste salt using the sulfide precipitation method and that over 99% RE separation efficiency can be achieved using precipitation-distillation combined treatment. Therefore, this provides a reference method for purifying waste salt and realizing molten salt reuse.

The inter-turn short circuit fault of wingding is a typical serious fault of the new synchronous condenser, which has a serious impact on the long-term operation of the condenser and the stability of the power grid. In order to ensure the reliable and stable operation of the new synchronous condenser, a method of online diagnosis and location of rotor inter-turn short circuit fault is proposed in this paper. Based on the distortion of the air-gap magnetic field magnetomotive force caused by fault it is deduced that the phenomenon of even harmonic circulation will occur in the same phase and double branches of the stator. Through Fourier decomposition of the branch circulation, the obvious characteristic quantity of harmonics is extracted and analyzed. It is concluded that the characteristic quantity is only related to the spatial position of the rotor where the fault is located, and has nothing to do with the number of fault turns. Therefore, this characteristic quantity can help realize fault diagnosis and location. Based on the TTS-300-2 type synchronous condenser which has been put into use on a large scale, a simulation model is established with the actual condenser in the finite element software while an experiment platform is developed with a condenser simulator for experiments. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of locating rotor inter turn short circuit faults through branch circulating current harmonics.

Due to the unique self-acceleration, self-healing, and non-diffraction properties, Airy beams have been explored extensively and found applications in various fields. It has been proven as an essential aspect to tune the trajectory of Airy beams for extensive applications. In this paper, we propose a method based on liquid crystal (LC) alignment with metasurfaces, which enables dynamic tuning of the trajectory of Airy beams. Benefiting from both the tunable property of LCs and the compact alignment of metasurfaces, we achieve a sizeable linear potential in a short distance, which leads to the effective tuning of the trajectory of Airy beams dynamically. The introduction of metasurfaces into the alignment of LCs provides a promising method to manipulate the planar optical field.

The Angle of Arrival (AOA) fluctuation caused by oceanic turbulence is the critical factor affecting the performance of underwater communication and imaging systems. Based on the general Oceanic Turbulence Optical Power Spectrum (OTOPS), this paper derives analytical solutions for the full interval of the Wave Structure Function (WSF) and the AOA fluctuation variance of the Gaussian beam using the Rytov approximation method applicable to weak turbulence conditions. The approximate solutions of the above physical quantities and the Spatial Coherence Radius (SCR) in the asymptotic intervals of large spacing (ρ≫η, where ρ denotes spacing andη denotes Kolmogorov microscale) and small spacing (ρ≪η) are also discussed. The numerical results show that the existing results have a large deviation around the Fresnel ratio Λ0=1 when ρ≫η. On the basis of this, the relationship between AOA fluctuation variance andρ/η is also analyzed. In the asymptotic interval ρ≪η, the AOA fluctuation variance is almost constant. When in the interval ρ≈η, the AOA fluctuation variance decreases sharply. When in the asymptotic interval ρ≫η, the decline of the AOA fluctuation variance becomes gradually flat. The results derived in this paper are more accurate and applicable to a wider range. These results will enable a better study of the propagation properties of Gaussian beams in weak oceanic turbulence.

MoO3/WO3 composite films with different MoO3 deposition cycles were prepared to use conductive glass as the substrate by combining hydrothermal method and electrochemical deposition method. Electrochromic reversibility, optical density(ΔOD), coloration efficiency, stability and responding time of MoO3/WO3 composite film were obtained by electrochomical measurement technologies and spectral tests. The results show that the MoO3/WO3 composite film with 8 MoO3 electrodeposited cycles has the best electrochromic performance compared with single WO3 nanorod film or MoO3 film, and the electrochromic reversibility is 62.19%, the optical density is 0.61, the coloration efficiency is 153.16 cm2/C, the coloring and bleaching responding time is 8.37 s and 4.77 s, respectively. It the meanwhile, it has a narrower band gap and higher cyclic stability.

BackgroundAn electrolyte waste salt containing LiCl and various products is generated during the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in metal fast reactors. Separating metal impurities from waste salt can purify molten salt, facilitate salt recycling, and reduce the amount of waste salt, achieving waste minimization.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of key factors on the application of the cold finger crystallization method used for removal of Sr and Ba from molten LiCl salt.MethodsA homemade cold finger experimental apparatus was applied to the experimental removal of two alkaline earth metals, Sr and Ba, from molten LiCl salt, and Fluent software was employed to simulate the application of cold finger crystallization equipment during dry reprocessing. The effects of crystal growth time, initial crystallization temperature, and initial SrCl2/BaCl2 concentrations on the removal ratio of the crystalline salt during the process were analyzed.ResultsThe initial temperature of molten salt is a critical factor that influences cold finger separation efficiency. When the initial temperature reaches 660 ℃, the removal efficiency improves. Moreover, when the impurity contents of Sr and Ba in molten salt are lower than 0.55%(w/w), the removal efficiency of the cold finger crystallization method can exceed 80%. Further analysis shows that the removal effects of different parts of molten salt crystals differ. The solvent salt at the top of the molten salt crystal is better, and the removal ratio of the bottom and inner salts is lower. Therefore, the optimal conditions for removing Sr and Ba from LiCl crystalline salt require an initial temperatures of 660~670 ℃, an airflow intensity of 10 L·min-1, and a growth time of 20 min. Under these optimal conditions, the removal ratio can reach 90%.ConclusionsThe proposed approach is feasible for purifying solvent salts from electrolyte waste molten salt via cold finger crystallization. This study provides a reference for purifying waste salt and reusing molten salt.

Cervical carcinoma (CC) is the one of most common gynecologic cancers worldwide. The ribosomal proteins (RPs) are essential for ribosome assembly and function, and it has been verified that the abnormal expression of RPs was closely associated with tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that the RP large subunit 24 (RPL24) expression level was upregulated after the CC cell lines SiHa and HeLa were treated with Cisplatin (CDDP) in vitro. Simultaneously, a nude mouse xenograft model was used to examine the effect of RPL24 on tumor growth in vivo, which showed that overexpression of RPL24 can suppress tumor growth. Furthermore, we proved that RPL24 expression increased after CC patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and the higher expression of RPL24 predicted a better prognosis using clinical data from 40 CC patients, verified via the Kaplan-Meier Plotter and LOGpc. These results revealed that RPL24 can be considered a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of CC patients and assess CCRT efficacy.

Abstract Background At present, the hereditary hearing loss homepage, ( https://hereditaryhearingloss.org/ ), includes 258 deafness genes and more than 500 genes that have been reported to cause deafness. With few exceptions, the region-specific distributions are unclear for many of the identified variants and genes. Methods Here, we used a custom capture panel to perform targeted sequencing of 518 genes in a cohort of 879 deaf Chinese probands who lived in Yunnan. Mutation sites of the parents were performed by high-throughput sequencing and validated by Sanger sequencing. Results The ratio of male to female patients was close to 1:1 (441:438) and the age of onset was mainly under six. Most patients (93.5%) were diagnosed with moderate to severe deafness. Four hundred and twenty-eight patients had variants in a deafness gene, with a detection rate of 48.7%. Pathogenic variants were detected in 98 genes and a number of these were recurrent within the cohort. However, many of the variants were rarely observed in the cohort. In accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, pathogenic, likely pathogenic and variants of uncertain significance accounted for 34.3%, 19.3% and 46.4% of all detected variants, respectively. The most common genes included GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, MYO7A, TMC1, CDH23, USH2A and WFS1, which contained variants in more than ten cases. The two genes with the highest mutation frequency were GJB2 and SLC26A4, which accounted for 28.5% (122/428) of positive patients. We showed that more than 60.3% of coding variants were rare and novel. Of the variants that we detected, 80.0% were in coding regions, 17.9% were in introns and 2.1% were copy number variants. Conclusion The common mutation genes and loci detected in this study were different from those detected in other regions or ethnic groups, which suggested that genetic screening or testing programs for deafness should be formulated in accordance with the genetic characteristics of the region.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has several mutations since its initial outbreak. These mutations involve changes in its genetic material, particularly in the spike protein that enables the virus to enter human. These mutations have resulted in different variants of the virus, such as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, which have been identified in different regions. These allosomes already led to increased transmissibility, potentially higher viral loads, and in some cases, to certain treatments or vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the evolution of the novel coronavirus and its spread in the population environment in recent years is analysed in detail,with following parts. Firstly,the immune escape which deeply influenced the mutation in virus is discussed. The immune system can recognize the virus and avoid it from entering the body.As a result ,one of the reasons the novel coronavirus evolved was to evade the immune response.Secondly,the mutation is discussed in terms of viral structure. And in the last subtopic,the connection between coronaviruses and their host is described.The phenomenon which is called cross -transmission greatly increased the spread out of virus,by viruses moving from host to host.Through sorting out the existing knowledge and research, this paper clearly analyzes the causes and influencing factors of virus evolution from a multi-dimensional perspective.

This article is a summary of the newly published book New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis. On the premise of reviewing the overall development of ecolinguistics, this book firstly develops the Hallidayan approach and defines Ecological Discourse Analysis as an independent paradigm. Based on the guiding principle of the ecosophy, “Diversity and Harmony, Interaction and Co-existence”, it then expands and extends the experiential, interpersonal, textual, and logical metafunctions within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Consequently, it constructs the theoretical systems of Ecological Discourse Analysis from the perspective of ecolinguistics: the transitivity system, mood system, appraisal system, Theme system, cohesion and coherence system, and logical system. This book presents readers with a comprehensive and applicable theoretical framework for Ecological Discourse Analysis, that is, “ecological grammar”.

BackgroundIn molten salt reactor, the concentration of oxygen impurities in the molten salt should be strictly controlled to avoid the potential safety risks caused by the reaction of O2- in the carrier salt with UF4 fuel to generated UO2 precipitation.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the evaporation behavior of the main oxygen-containing impuritiy ions in carrier salt at high temperature and low pressure and the influence of process parameters such as temperature, pressure and initial oxygen content of molten salt on the removal of O2- in carrier salt.MethodsThe vacuum distillation method was employed and a vacuum distillation device were used to carried out experimental study of the separation behavior of the main oxygen-containing impurities NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and O2- in the carrier salt during vacuum distillation. The removal mechanism of the above ions was explored, and the specific influence of process conditions on the separation effect of O2- distillation was investigated.ResultsThe results show that the removal ability of oxygen-containing impurities by vacuum distillation is NO3-＞PO43-＞SO42-＞O2-. The removal capacity of O2- increases with the increase of temperature, and the recovered salt with a total oxygen content about 2.40×10-4 g·g-1 salt is obtained at 1 050 ℃. The phenomenon of oxygen with a total oxygen content about 2.50×10-4 g·g-1 salt is observed when the pressure is higher than 40 Pa. The oxygen entrainment is increased during the evaporation of molten salt with the decrease of pressure, and the recovered salt content in the recovered salt continued to decrease with the decrease of the initial content of O2- in the carrier salt, which confirmed the technical feasibility of melting salt multiple distillation to remove oxygen.ConclusionsIt is verified by study shows that vacuum distillation can remove oxygen-containing impurities from carrier salt effectively and achieve the rapid and efficient purification of the carrier salt.

This study adopts an ecolinguistic approach to analyze logical resources in the news reports about the Sino-US trade war collected from the two sources, The Times of Britain and Sputnik News Agency of Russia. By observing the logical system for ecological discourse analysis, the study throws light on the ecological properties and values of the mainstream media between the two stakeholders. The discursive research finds that overall, the Russian news reports appeal for a free trade system, while they talk down the trade truce, and the British news reports, although opposed to protectionism, call for unity with the UK’s ally to avoid tariff risk and earn effortless profits. Hence, the ecological properties of the Russian and British media are complex and mixed. Regarding ecological variance, the two media more or less underwent an ecological shift with the dynamic process of the trade war.

Analyzing the opening and closing states of eyes and mouths by detecting the driver’s face feature points is an effective method for judging driver fatigue. However, in practical engineering applications, with the expansion of user groups, the false identification problem caused by the differentiation of individual facial features of drivers is prominent, especially for people with small eyes. To solve this problem, this paper uses the Mediapipe Facemesh module to detect face feature points and designs a perception-free calibration method for setting personalized eye opening and closing threshold combined with head postures. Compared with the traditional method of setting a fixed threshold, the precision of eye state recognition is improved by 36.4%. Finally, the model deployment and post-processing compilation are completed on the Xavier vehicle chip, achieving a running speed of 34 frames per second at most, and the subjective evaluation experience of the fatigue monitoring system is significantly improved.

Air has the advantage of abundance and easy availability, so it is suitable to be used as a synthetic raw material and energy source. However, the triggering of inert small molecules in the air, like O2, N2, and CO2, is a kinetically complex and energetically challenging multistep reaction. Photocatalysis brings hope for this challenge, but obstacles remain in many aspects. Here, aiming at the key difficulties of the photocatalytic activation and conversion of these three inert small molecules, i.e., regulating electronic structure, active sites, charge carrier separation and mobility, and reaction energy barrier, we propose the concept of functional customization strategy of ultrathin two-dimensional materials for achieving more efficient activation and better performance, including thickness control, vacancy engineering, doping operation, single-atom site fabrication, and composite construction. The in-depth understanding of the functional customization will provide more profound guidance for designing photocatalysts that specialize in activating and converting inert small molecules.

The strain technology is accelerating the progress on the CMOS compatible Ge-on-Si laser source. Here, we report a monolithically integrated microbridge-based emitting-detecting configuration, equipped with lateral p–i–n junctions, waveguide and gratings. The operating wavelength range of the emitting bridge and the detecting bridge are matched through the designed same dimensions of the two microbridges, as well as the strain. Strain-enhanced spontaneous emission and the effect of spectra red-shifting on low-loss transmission of on-chip light are discussed. Temperature dependence experiments reveal that in devices with highly strain-enhanced structure, the strain variation can offset the effect of electron thermalization, so that the performance of the device remains stable when temperature changes around room temperature.

Abstract Background Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche. Results In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T. leucocephalus genome. Annotation and functional enrichment revealed many genes involved in metabolism, transport, and homeostasis, and almost all of the positively selected genes were related to mineral ion binding. The transcriptomes of 12 tissues from three T. leucocephalus individuals showed that the great majority of genes involved in mineral absorption and calcium signaling were expressed, and their gene families were significantly expanded. For example, FTH1 primarily functions in iron storage and had 20 expanded copies. Conclusions These results increase our understanding of the evolution of alkali tolerance and other traits necessary for the persistence of T. leucocephalus within an ecologically unique limestone karst environment.

Objective To investigate the effect of protein complex, Nogo66 and Freund's adjuvant (FA), on retinal microenvironment in rats with chronic ocular hypertension. Methods After the rat model of chronic high intraocular pressure was established on the right eye (the left eye served as control) with the aid of 532-diode laser, the 18 model rats were equally divided into Nogo66 and ovalbumin groups, receiving vaccination with corresponding agent of 100 μg (in 300 μL FA) on the 1st, 7th and 14th days. The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted after retrograde labelling with fluorescent gold. The retinal expression of CD3, growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were observed by immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemical staining, and the protein levels of retinal BDNF and GDNF were detected by Western blotting. Results The count of RGCs was significantly lower in the right eyes with chronic ocular hypertension than the left eyes (P < 0.01). Inoculation of Nogo66-FA complex resulted in significantly larger number of RGCs when compared with the rats from the ovalbumin group (P < 0.05). In addition, GAP43 and CD3 were highly expressed in the ganglion cell layer and the outer plexus layer, and BDNF and GNDF in the ganglion cell layer, the inner plexus layer and the inner core layer. The protein levels of BNDF and GDNF in the retina were significantly higher in the Nogo66-FA group than the ovalbumin group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inoculation of protein complex Nogo66-FA can improve the retinal microenvironment and the activation of T cells, up-regulate the expression of various neurotrophic factors, and increase the count of RGCs in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension.

We design and demonstrate an asymmetric Ge/SiGe coupled quantum well (CQW) waveguide modulator for both intensity and phase modulation with a low bias voltage in silicon photonic integration. The asymmetric CQWs consisting of two quantum wells with different widths are employed as the active region to enhance the electro-optical characteristics of the device by controlling the coupling of the wave functions. The fabricated device can realize 5 dB extinction ratio at 1446 nm and 1.4 × 10−3 electrorefractive index variation at 1530 nm with the associated modulation efficiency VπLπ of 0.055 V cm under 1 V reverse bias. The 3 dB bandwidth for high frequency response is 27 GHz under 1 V bias and the energy consumption per bit is less than 100 fJ/bit. The proposed device offers a pathway towards a low voltage, low energy consumption, high speed and compact modulator for silicon photonic integrated devices, as well as opens possibilities for achieving advanced modulation format in a more compact and simple frame.

Abstract The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system and plays a crucial role in maintaining the human body's homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hypothalamus in fibromyalgia patients. 24 Fibromyalgia patients and 24 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Resting state fMRI data were collected from the fibromyalgia patients and HC’s. Fibromyalgia patients went through a second scan after 12 weeks of Tai Chi mind–body intervention. Data analysis showed that fibromyalgia patients displayed less medial hypothalamus (MH) rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala when compared to the functional connectivity in the HCs. After the Tai Chi mind–body intervention, fibromyalgia patients showed increased MH rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala accompanied by clinical improvement. Effective connectivity analysis showed disrupted MH and thalamus interaction in the fibromyalgia patients, which was altered by mind–body exercise. Our findings suggest that fibromyalgia is associated with altered functional connectivity within the diencephalon and limbic system. Elucidating the roles of the diencephalon and limbic system in the pathophysiology and development of fibromyalgia may facilitate the development of a new biomarker and effective treatment methods for this prevalent disorder. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02407665. Registered: 3 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02407665?term=NCT02407665&draw=2&rank=1

TiO2 nanowires were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO) glass by hydrothermal synthesis, and then the MoO3/TiO2 composite films were prepared by electrodepositing MoO3 films onto TiO2 nanowire arrays. The parameters such as diffusion coefficient(D), the responding time of colored and bleached, optical density(ΔOD), electrochromic reversibility and coloration efficiency of MoO3/TiO2 composite film were obtained by electrochromical measurement technologies and spectrum tests. The effect of TiO2 nanowire substrates with different hydrothermal growth time on the electrochromic properties of MoO3/TiO2 composite films was studied. The results show that the MoO3/TiO2 composite films with 6 hours of hydrothermal growth TiO2 nanowires have the best electrochromic properties. The diffusion coefficient is 2.86×10-12 cm2·s-1, the cyclic reversibility is 60.88%, the optical density is 0.41, the coloring efficiency reaches 124.49 cm2·C-1, and its responding time of colored and bleached is 13.53 s and 12.65 s.

To study the dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution of GH4169 alloy during the cross wedge rolling processing, the microstructure, crystal orientation and texture in the surface and core of the GH4169 alloy with the area reduction of 30% and 50% were analyzed by the metallographic microscope (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), respectively.The results show that the crystal orientation gradually tends to be random with the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during the cross wedge rolling process of GH4169 alloy. There are more high-angle grain boundaries in the rolled surface than those in the core. No evident change of the texture intensity in the rolled surface can be observed, while the core texture intensity increases obviously. The textures have rotated after the cross wedge rolling and the previous types of {001}〈110〉,{111}〈110〉,{111}〈011〉 change to the types of {001}〈010〉,{112}〈110〉,{110}〈111〉,{110}〈112〉. The dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution of GH4169 alloy are dominated by the special deformation characteristics of the cross wedge rolling.

The dynamic filtration module called Rotating and Vibrating Filtration (RVF) is a performant device for membrane fouling control and limiting the formation of cake layer. Indeed, it can generate strong shear stress at the membrane surface decoupled from the feeding flowrate. Moreover, the pressure fluctuation that takes place in the device is also beneficial to control membrane fouling. A CFD model has been validated in laminar regime from experimental measurements of velocity fields and pressure distribution inside the RVF. The boundary layer development at the walls were carefully studied to better explain the effects of the rotation speed and the viscosity on the spatial distribution and time variations of pressure and shear stress at the membrane surface. It appears that shear stress is more efficient than pressure to control membrane performances in laminar regime.

To improve the reliability of motor system, this paper investigates the sensor fault diagnosis methods for T-type inverter-fed dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Generally, a T-type three-level inverter-fed dual three-phase motor drive utilizes four phase-current sensors, two direct current (DC)-link voltage sensors and one speed sensor. A series of diagnostic methods have been comprehensively proposed for the three types of sensor faults. Both the sudden error change and gradual error change of sensor faults are considered. Firstly, the diagnosis of speed sensor fault was achieved by monitoring the error between the rotating speed of stator flux and the value from speed sensor. Secondly, the large high-frequency voltage ripple of voltage difference between the estimated voltage and the reference voltage was used to identify the voltage sensor faults, and the faulty voltage sensor was determined according to the deviation of voltage difference. Thirdly, the abnormal current amplitude on harmonic subspace was adopted to identify the current sensor faults, and the faulty current sensor was located by distinguishing the current trajectory on harmonic subspace. The experiments have been taken on a laboratory prototype to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis schemes.

Abstract Background The general approach to the synthesis of metal complexes begins with ligand synthesis, followed by ligand reaction with metal salts to afford organometallic complexes. Our research group first reported a one-pot multicomponent synthesis of chiral oxazolinyl–zinc complexes, in the presence of a large amount of ZnCl2 (0.4–2.6 equiv.), with the yields of some products reaching 90%. Results Our prior strategy was extended to use copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, palladium or platinum salts as the third component. The one-step method used 1.0 equivalent of a metal salt, such as M(OAc)2·nH2O or MCl2·nH2O (M: Cu, Co, Ni, Pd or Pt, n = 1, 2 or 4), as a reagent to generate chiral salicyloxazoline complexes 1–8 in the reaction of 2-cyanophenol with different d- and l-amino alcohols. Conclusion Complexes 1–8 were obtained using a one-pot method with a sequential strategy. The reaction outcome was demonstrated for three-component reactions between metal salts, amino alcohols and 2-hydroxybenzonitrile to afford organometallic complexes in good yields (65–95%).

The iron ore sintering process is the main source of NOx emissions and accounts for about 48% of the total NOx emissions in the iron and steel industry. The generated NOx is mainly from fuel consumption, and it usually exists in the form of quasi-particle in iron ore sintering bed. Therefore, it is important to deeply understand the combustion characteristics and NOx formation mechanism of quasi-particles in iron ore sintering process. Based on this, the effects of coke breeze particle size, presence of an adhering layer of quasi-particles, adhering ratio of quasi-particle, and coke breeze content on the mass conversion rate of different types of quasiparticles and conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx were investigated in a vertical quartz tube reactor in detail. The results show that the mass conversion rate decreases with increasing coke breeze particle size for S'- and S-type quasi-particles; the conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx decreases with increasing coke breeze particle size for S'-type quasi-particle and exhibits the opposite trend for S-type quasi-particle, which is because of the presence of an adhering layer consisting of fine iron ore and limestone. Considering the combustion characteristics of S-and S'-type quasi-particles, the presence of an adhering layer of quasi-particles favors the increase of mass conversion rate and conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx. The mass conversion rate and conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx both decrease with increasing adhering ratio for C-type quasi-particles whose adhering layer consists of fine limestone and coke breeze. For P-type quasi-particles comprising coke breeze, fine limestone, and fine iron ore, the mass conversion rate decreases with increasing coke breeze content. The conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx is not linear and reaches the lowest value when coke breeze content is 50%.

To study the dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution of GH4169 alloy during the cross wedge rolling processing, the microstructure, crystal orientation and texture in the surface and core of the GH4169 alloy with the area reduction of 30% and 50% were analyzed by the metallographic microscope (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), respectively.The results show that the crystal orientation gradually tends to be random with the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during the cross wedge rolling process of GH4169 alloy. There are more high-angle grain boundaries in the rolled surface than those in the core. No evident change of the texture intensity in the rolled surface can be observed, while the core texture intensity increases obviously. The textures have rotated after the cross wedge rolling and the previous types of {001}〈110〉,{111}〈110〉,{111}〈011〉 change to the types of {001}〈010〉,{112}〈110〉,{110}〈111〉,{110}〈112〉. The dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution of GH4169 alloy are dominated by the special deformation characteristics of the cross wedge rolling.

Plants repair their mechanical wounds by reprogramming secondary metabolism. However, which genes are reprogrammed during this repair process in Aquilaria sinensis has rarely been studied. Here, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to explore the changes in the transcriptome of Aquilaria’s xylem, six months after the stem was subjected to mechanical wounding. In total, 1165 transcripts were differentially accumulated, of which 1002 transcripts were increased and 163 were decreased in their abundances (|log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 and FDR ≤ 0.05). The majority of these genes encode products involved in plant secondary metabolism, transcription regulation, and phytohormone metabolism and signaling. The up-regulated genes were classified into 15 significantly enriched GO terms and were involved in 83 pathways, whereas the down-regulated genes were classified into 5 significantly enriched GO terms and represented 43 pathways. Gene annotation demonstrated that 100 transcripts could encode transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKY, AP2, MYB, and Helix-loop-helix (HLH) TFs. We inferred that the differential expression of TFs, genes associated with plant hormones, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis may contribute to the repair of the stem after mechanical wounding in A. sinensis. Using co-expression analysis and prediction of TF binding sites, a TF–gene regulatory network for Aquilaria lignin biosynthesis was constructed. This included the MYB, HLH, WRKY, and AP2 TFs, and the COMT1, 4CLL7, and CCR1 genes. The changes in 10 candidate genes were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, indicating significant differences between the treated and untreated areas. Our study provides global gene expression patterns under mechanical wounding and would be valuable to further studies on the molecular mechanisms of plant repair in A. sinensis.