3,538 results on '"Cheng Luo"'
Search Results
2. Adaptive‐saturation‐based transient stability enhancement for grid‐following inverters
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Jiawei Wang, Cheng Luo, and Lei Wei
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invertors ,stability ,Electronics ,TK7800-8360 - Abstract
Abstract This paper proposes an adaptive saturation module to enhance the transient stability of grid‐following inverters after voltage‐dip inception and fault‐clearance moment. The equal‐area criterion reveals that a large acceleration area will be obtained due to the step change of current reference according to grid codes, which may lead to the loss of synchronism with the grid. It is found that the saturation module used with the phase‐locked loop can enhance the transient stability performance by reducing the acceleration area. To simultaneously adapt to the two cases (the inception and clearance of the voltage‐dip fault), an adaptive saturation module that can automatically adjust the clamping mode is proposed, which is the main contribution of the paper. The selection of the threshold value for the saturation module is also presented. A comprehensive comparison is made between the proposed solution and state‐of‐art solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is confirmed by the experimental tests.
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- 2024
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3. 'One-stop' interventional therapy for quadricuspid aortic valve combined with severe coronary artery disease: a case report
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Cheng Luo and Baoshi Zheng
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One-stop ,Quadricuspid aortic valve ,Coronary artery disease ,Transcatheter aortic valve replacement ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 - Abstract
Abstract Congenital Quadricuspid Aortic Valve (QAV) malformation is a relatively rare cardiac valve malformation, especially with abnormal coronary opening and severe stenosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The patient underwent “one-stop” interventional treatment with transcatheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous coronary stent implantation. Follow up for 12-month with good outcomes.
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- 2024
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4. Dual-site molecular glues for enhancing protein-protein interactions of the CDK12-DDB1 complex
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Zemin Zhang, Yuanqing Li, Jie Yang, Jiacheng Li, Xiongqiang Lin, Ting Liu, Shiling Yang, Jin Lin, Shengyu Xue, Jiamin Yu, Cailing Tang, Ziteng Li, Liping Liu, Zhengzheng Ye, Yanan Deng, Zhihai Li, Kaixian Chen, Hong Ding, Cheng Luo, and Hua Lin
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) stabilization with molecular glues plays a crucial role in drug discovery, albeit with significant challenges. In this study, we propose a dual-site approach, targeting the PPI region and its dynamic surroundings. We conduct molecular dynamics simulations to identify critical sites on the PPI that stabilize the cyclin-dependent kinase 12 - DNA damage-binding protein 1 (CDK12-DDB1) complex, resulting in further cyclin K degradation. This exploration leads to the creation of LL-K12-18, a dual-site molecular glue, which enhances the glue properties to augment degradation kinetics and efficiency. Notably, LL-K12-18 demonstrates strong inhibition of gene transcription and anti-proliferative effects in tumor cells, showing significant potency improvements in MDA-MB-231 (88-fold) and MDA-MB-468 cells (307-fold) when compared to its precursor compound SR-4835. These findings underscore the potential of dual-site approaches in disrupting CDK12 function and offer a structural insight-based framework for the design of cyclin K molecular glues.
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- 2024
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5. Neurostructural subgroup in 4291 individuals with schizophrenia identified using the subtype and stage inference algorithm
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Yuchao Jiang, Cheng Luo, Jijun Wang, Lena Palaniyappan, Xiao Chang, Shitong Xiang, Jie Zhang, Mingjun Duan, Huan Huang, Christian Gaser, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Kenichiro Miura, Ryota Hashimoto, Lars T. Westlye, Genevieve Richard, Sara Fernandez-Cabello, Nadine Parker, Ole A. Andreassen, Tilo Kircher, Igor Nenadić, Frederike Stein, Florian Thomas-Odenthal, Lea Teutenberg, Paula Usemann, Udo Dannlowski, Tim Hahn, Dominik Grotegerd, Susanne Meinert, Rebekka Lencer, Yingying Tang, Tianhong Zhang, Chunbo Li, Weihua Yue, Yuyanan Zhang, Xin Yu, Enpeng Zhou, Ching-Po Lin, Shih-Jen Tsai, Amanda L. Rodrigue, David Glahn, Godfrey Pearlson, John Blangero, Andriana Karuk, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Raymond Salvador, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, María Ángeles Garcia-León, Gianfranco Spalletta, Fabrizio Piras, Daniela Vecchio, Nerisa Banaj, Jingliang Cheng, Zhening Liu, Jie Yang, Ali Saffet Gonul, Ozgul Uslu, Birce Begum Burhanoglu, Aslihan Uyar Demir, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Vince D. Calhoun, Kang Sim, Melissa Green, Yann Quidé, Young Chul Chung, Woo-Sung Kim, Scott R. Sponheim, Caroline Demro, Ian S. Ramsay, Felice Iasevoli, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Annarita Barone, Mariateresa Ciccarelli, Arturo Brunetti, Sirio Cocozza, Giuseppe Pontillo, Mario Tranfa, Min Tae M. Park, Matthias Kirschner, Foivos Georgiadis, Stefan Kaiser, Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen, Susan L. Rossell, Matthew Hughes, William Woods, Sean P. Carruthers, Philip Sumner, Elysha Ringin, Filip Spaniel, Antonin Skoch, David Tomecek, Philipp Homan, Stephanie Homan, Wolfgang Omlor, Giacomo Cecere, Dana D. Nguyen, Adrian Preda, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Neda Jahanshad, Long-Biao Cui, Dezhong Yao, Paul M. Thompson, Jessica A. Turner, Theo G. M. van Erp, Wei Cheng, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium, Jianfeng Feng, and ZIB Consortium
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Machine learning can be used to define subtypes of psychiatric conditions based on shared biological foundations of mental disorders. Here we analyzed cross-sectional brain images from 4,222 individuals with schizophrenia and 7038 healthy subjects pooled across 41 international cohorts from the ENIGMA, non-ENIGMA cohorts and public datasets. Using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, we identify two distinct neurostructural subgroups by mapping the spatial and temporal ‘trajectory’ of gray matter change in schizophrenia. Subgroup 1 was characterized by an early cortical-predominant loss with enlarged striatum, whereas subgroup 2 displayed an early subcortical-predominant loss in the hippocampus, striatum and other subcortical regions. We confirmed the reproducibility of the two neurostructural subtypes across various sample sites, including Europe, North America and East Asia. This imaging-based taxonomy holds the potential to identify individuals with shared neurobiological attributes, thereby suggesting the viability of redefining existing disorder constructs based on biological factors.
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- 2024
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6. Summer Velvet: A New Dwarf Siberian Iris Cultivar with Pearl-white Flowers
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Danqing Li, Lingmei Shao, Xiaoxuan Chen, Cheng Luo, Jianfen Wei, Shuai Qiu, Ziming Ren, Jiaping Zhang, and Yiping Xia
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new cultivar ,pearl-white flowers ,ornamental perennial ,siberian iris ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2024
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7. Cortical encoding of hierarchical linguistic information when syllabic rhythms are obscured by echoes
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Cheng Luo and Nai Ding
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Speech perception ,Neural tracking ,Auditory encoding ,Linguistic processing ,Echo ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
In speech perception, low-frequency cortical activity tracks hierarchical linguistic units (e.g., syllables, phrases, and sentences) on top of acoustic features (e.g., speech envelope). Since the fluctuation of speech envelope typically corresponds to the syllabic boundaries, one common interpretation is that the acoustic envelope underlies the extraction of discrete syllables from continuous speech for subsequent linguistic processing. However, it remains unclear whether and how cortical activity encodes linguistic information when the speech envelope does not provide acoustic correlates of syllables. To address the issue, we introduced a frequency-tagging speech stream where the syllabic rhythm was obscured by echoic envelopes and investigated neural encoding of hierarchical linguistic information using electroencephalography (EEG). When listeners attended to the echoic speech, cortical activity showed reliable tracking of syllable, phrase, and sentence levels, among which the higher-level linguistic units elicited more robust neural responses. When attention was diverted from the echoic speech, reliable neural tracking of the syllable level was also observed in contrast to deteriorated neural tracking of the phrase and sentence levels. Further analyses revealed that the envelope aligned with the syllabic rhythm could be recovered from the echoic speech through a neural adaptation model, and the reconstructed envelope yielded higher predictive power for the neural tracking responses than either the original echoic envelope or anechoic envelope. Taken together, these results suggest that neural adaptation and attentional modulation jointly contribute to neural encoding of linguistic information in distorted speech where the syllabic rhythm is obscured by echoes.
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- 2024
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8. Pathological response following neoadjuvant immunotherapy and imaging characteristics in dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced colorectal cancer
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Zijian Deng, Yajun Luo, Xiaoli Chen, Tao Pan, Yuanyi Rui, Hai Hu, Jin Yan, Ke Zhang, Cheng Luo, and Bo Song
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colorectal cancer ,mismatch repair gene defects ,microsatellite highly unstable ,PCR ,neoadjuvant immunotherapy ,PD-1 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, there has been significant research interest in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, immunotherapy has emerged as the primary treatment for patients with mismatch repair gene defects (dMMR) or microsatellite highly unstable (MSI-H) who have colorectal cancer. Yet, there is currently no data to support the practicality and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for colorectal cancer with dMMR or MSI-H. Therefore, a study was conducted to identify the postoperative pathology, safety profile, and imaging features of patients with dMMR or MSI-H CRC following neoadjuvant immunotherapy.MethodsThe retrospective study was carried out on patients with locally advanced or metastatic CRC who received immunotherapy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital, with approval from the hospital’s ethics committee. The study aimed to assess the short-term effectiveness of immunotherapy by focusing on pathological complete response (pCR) as the primary outcome, while also considering secondary endpoints such as objective response rate, disease-free survival, and safety profile.ResultsTwenty patients with dMMR/MSI-H CRC who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy as part of the treatment were enrolled between May 2019 and February 2024 at Sichuan Cancer Hospital. Out of these patients, eight patients received PD-1 blockade monotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, while 12 were administered a combined therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. 12 patients received Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab regimen and 8 patients received PD-1 blockades (2 patients were Pembrolizumab, 2 patients were Sintilimab, 4 patients were Tislelizumab) monotherapy. Additionally, 19 patients underwent surgery after immunotherapy and of these, 15 (75.0%) achieved complete pathological response (pCR), 8 (66.7%) achieved the same on Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab immunotherapy while 7 (87.5%) achieved on PD-1 antibody monotherapy. The overall response rate (ORR) was 75%, with 45.0% of patients experiencing grade I/II immunotherapy-related adverse events. The most frequent adverse event observed was increased ALT i.e. 20%. Notably, no postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionBased on the findings, neoadjuvant immunotherapy for colorectal cancer may be both safe and effective in clinical practice. Furthermore, the study suggested that dual immunotherapy could potentially increase the immunotherapy cycle and contribute to a superior pCR rate. However, the conclusion emphasized the need for further prospective clinical trials to validate these results.
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- 2024
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9. Influenza and the gut microbiota: A hidden therapeutic link
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Cheng Luo, Yi Yang, Cheng Jiang, Anqi Lv, Wanzhao Zuo, Yuanhang Ye, and Jia Ke
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Influenza ,Gut microbiota ,Metabolites ,Mechanism ,Therapeutic applications ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: The extensive community of gut microbiota significantly influences various biological functions throughout the body, making its characterization a focal point in biomedicine research. Over the past few decades, studies have revealed a potential link between specific gut bacteria, their associated metabolic pathways, and influenza. Bacterial metabolites can communicate directly or indirectly with organs beyond the gut via the intestinal barrier, thereby impacting the physiological functions of the host. As the microbiota increasingly emerges as a ‘gut signature’ in influenza, gaining a deeper understanding of its role may offer new insights into its pathophysiological relevance and open avenues for novel therapeutic targets. In this Review, we explore the differences in gut microbiota between healthy individuals and those with influenza, the relationship between gut microbiota metabolites and influenza, and potential strategies for preventing and treating influenza through the regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites, including fecal microbiota transplantation and microecological preparations. Methods: We utilized PubMed and Web of Science as our search databases, employing keywords such as “influenza,” “gut microbiota,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “metabolites,” “prebiotics,” “probiotics,” and “machine learning” to retrieve studies examining the potential therapeutic connections between the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the treatment of influenza. The search encompassed literature from the inception of the databases up to December 2023. Results: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), microbial preparations (probiotics and prebiotics), and traditional Chinese medicine have unique advantages in regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites to improve influenza outcomes. The primary mechanism involves increasing beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium while reducing harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria. These interventions act directly or indirectly on metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids (AAs), bile acids, and monoamines to alleviate lung inflammation, reduce viral load, and exert anti-influenza virus effects. Conclusion: The gut microbiota and its metabolites have direct or indirect therapeutic effects on influenza, presenting broad research potential for providing new directions in influenza research and offering references for clinical prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on identifying key strains, specific metabolites, and immune regulation mechanisms within the gut microbiota to accurately target microbiota interventions and prevent respiratory viral infections such as influenza.
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- 2024
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10. Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fixation With a Knotless Suture Anchor: A Minimalistic Approach
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Cheng Luo, M.D., Yijun He, M.D., and Jiongfeng Huang, B.T.C.M.
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
This technical note outlines a minimalist arthroscopic approach to anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture fixation using a bioabsorbable knotless suture anchor. This method represents a less invasive alternative to traditional techniques, catering specifically to fractures classified as Meyers and McKeever type II or III. The procedure is performed through standard anterolateral and anteromedial portals without the need for additional incisions or bone tunnel drilling, making it particularly suitable for children and adolescent patients with open physes. The technique involves the use of a suture hook to pass a double-stranded suture through the anterior cruciate ligament, anchored eccentrically to the anterior tibial incline with a knotless suture anchor. This approach allows for anatomic reduction with adjustable tension and without the potential risk of iatrogenic osteochondral injury. Nonetheless, it should be acknowledged that prospective biomechanical studies and larger patient samples are necessary to validate this technique compared with existing fixation methods.
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- 2024
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11. Structural insights into the functional mechanism of the ubiquitin ligase E6AP
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Zhen Wang, Fengying Fan, Zhihai Li, Fei Ye, Qingxia Wang, Rongchao Gao, Jiaxuan Qiu, Yixin Lv, Min Lin, Wenwen Xu, Cheng Luo, and Xuekui Yu
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Science - Abstract
Abstract E6AP dysfunction is associated with Angelman syndrome and Autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, the host E6AP is hijacked by the high-risk HPV E6 to aberrantly ubiquitinate the tumor suppressor p53, which is linked with development of multiple types of cancer, including most cervical cancers. Here we show that E6AP and the E6AP/E6 complex exist, respectively, as a monomer and a dimer of the E6AP/E6 protomer. The short α1-helix of E6AP transforms into a longer helical structure when in complex with E6. The extended α1-helices of the dimer intersect symmetrically and contribute to the dimerization. The two protomers sway around the crossed region of the two α1-helices to promote the attachment and detachment of substrates to the catalytic C-lobe of E6AP, thus facilitating ubiquitin transfer. These findings, complemented by mutagenesis analysis, suggest that the α1-helix, through conformational transformations, controls the transition between the inactive monomer and the active dimer of E6AP.
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- 2024
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12. SRY-Box transcription factor 9 triggers YAP nuclear entry via direct interaction in tumors
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Hui Qian, Chen-Hong Ding, Fang Liu, Shi-Jie Chen, Chen-Kai Huang, Meng-Chao Xiao, Xia-Lu Hong, Ming-Chen Wang, Fang-Zhi Yan, Kai Ding, Ya-Lu Cui, Bai-Nan Zheng, Jin Ding, Cheng Luo, Xin Zhang, and Wei-Fen Xie
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Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract The translocation of YAP from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is critical for its activation and plays a key role in tumor progression. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the nuclear import of YAP are not fully understood. In this study, we have uncovered a crucial role of SOX9 in the activation of YAP. SOX9 promotes the nuclear translocation of YAP by direct interaction. Importantly, we have identified that the binding between Asp-125 of SOX9 and Arg-124 of YAP is essential for SOX9-YAP interaction and subsequent nuclear entry of YAP. Additionally, we have discovered a novel asymmetrical dimethylation of YAP at Arg-124 (YAP-R124me2a) catalyzed by PRMT1. YAP-R124me2a enhances the interaction between YAP and SOX9 and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Furthermore, we disrupted the interaction between SOX9 and YAP using a competitive peptide, S-A1, which mimics an α-helix of SOX9 containing Asp-125. S-A1 significantly inhibits YAP nuclear translocation and effectively suppresses tumor growth. This study provides the first evidence of SOX9 as a pivotal regulator driving YAP nuclear translocation and presents a potential therapeutic strategy for YAP-driven human cancers by targeting SOX9-YAP interaction.
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- 2024
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13. Analysis of the thickness characteristics of the left atrial posterior wall and its correlation with the low and no voltage areas of the left atrial posterior wall in patients with atrial fibrillation
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Longchang Li, Lijun Li, Dezhi Yang, Shuxiong Nong, Cheng Luo, and Chun Gui
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Atrial fibrillation ,Left atrial posterior wall thickness ,Left atrial posterior wall ,Low-voltage zone ,Voltage-free zone ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 - Abstract
Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between the thickness of the left atrial posterior wall and the low and no voltage zones in the left atrial posterior wall in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods 61 patients admitted to our cardiology department for AF and radiofrequency ablation of AF from January 1, 2020 to May 30, 2022 were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The atrial wall thickness was measured by CT scan. Baseline data, preoperative cardiac ultrasound data, preoperative biochemical parameters, low voltage zone (fibrotic zone) and no voltage zone (scar zone) in the left atrial posterior wall area, and various parameters of posterior left atrial wall thickness were collected. Results The differences of the thickness between the upper, middle and lower mean levels of the left atrial posterior wall were statistically significant (P = 0.004). The results showed that body mass index was weakly positively correlated with the mean level of total left atrial posterior wall thickness (r = 0.426, P = 0.001) and was statistically significant. The remaining indices were positively or negatively correlated with the mean level of total left atrial posterior wall thickness, but none were statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Both left atrial posterior wall low-voltage zone and voltage-free zone were positively correlated with the mean total left atrial posterior wall thickness, and left atrial posterior wall low-voltage zone and voltage-free zone were significantly positively correlated. Body mass index was weakly positively correlated with total left atrial posterior wall thickness.
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- 2024
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14. Identification of four biotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy via machine learning on brain images
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Yuchao Jiang, Wei Li, Jinmei Li, Xiuli Li, Heng Zhang, Xiutian Sima, Luying Li, Kang Wang, Qifu Li, Jiajia Fang, Lu Jin, Qiyong Gong, Dezhong Yao, Dong Zhou, Cheng Luo, and Dongmei An
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to try to redefine disease subtypes based on similar pathobiology. Using a machine-learning algorithm (Subtype and Stage Inference) with cross-sectional MRI from 296 individuals with focal epilepsy originating from the temporal lobe (TLE) and 91 healthy controls, we show phenotypic heterogeneity in the pathophysiological progression of TLE. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (number: ChiCTR2200062562). We identify two hippocampus-predominant phenotypes, characterized by atrophy beginning in the left or right hippocampus; a third cortex-predominant phenotype, characterized by hippocampus atrophy after the neocortex; and a fourth phenotype without atrophy but amygdala enlargement. These four subtypes are replicated in the independent validation cohort (109 individuals). These subtypes show differences in neuroanatomical signature, disease progression and epilepsy characteristics. Five-year follow-up observations of these individuals reveal differential seizure outcomes among subtypes, indicating that specific subtypes may benefit from temporal surgery or pharmacological treatment. These findings suggest a diverse pathobiological basis underlying focal epilepsy that potentially yields to stratification and prognostication – a necessary step for precise medicine.
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- 2024
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15. Non-linear relationship between TyG index and the risk of prediabetes in young people: a 5-year retrospective cohort study in Chinese young adults
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Jianhui Xiao, Li Zhou, Cheng Luo, Yong Han, and Zhenhua Huang
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TyG index ,relationship ,prediabetes ,young people ,non-linear ,Chinese adults ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
ObjectiveGiven the limited evidence on the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the risk of prediabetes among young adults, our study aimed to investigate the potential impact of the TyG index on the future development of prediabetes in young individuals.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 125,327 healthy adults aged 20 to 45 years. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression models, combined with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting, to assess the relationship between baseline TyG index and the risk of prediabetes among young adults, exploring its non-linear association. A series of sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of our findings.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the study found a positive correlation between the TyG index and the risk of prediabetes (HR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.54–2.13, p
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- 2024
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16. Target Identification and Mechanistic Characterization of Indole Terpenoid Mimics: Proper Spindle Microtubule Assembly Is Essential for Cdh1‐Mediated Proteolysis of CENP‐A
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Yan Peng, Yumeng Zhang, Ruan Fang, Hao Jiang, Gongcai Lan, Zhou Xu, Yajie Liu, Zhaoyang Nie, Lu Ren, Fengcan Wang, Shou‐De Zhang, Yuyong Ma, Peng Yang, Hong‐Hua Ge, Wei‐Dong Zhang, Cheng Luo, Ang Li, and Weiwei He
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Cdh1 ,CENP‐A regulation ,colchicine‐binding site inhibitor ,indole terpenoid ,target identification ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Centromere protein A (CENP‐A), a centromere‐specific histone H3 variant, is crucial for kinetochore positioning and chromosome segregation. However, its regulatory mechanism in human cells remains incompletely understood. A structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study of the cell‐cycle‐arresting indole terpenoid mimic JP18 leads to the discovery of two more potent analogs, (+)‐6‐Br‐JP18 and (+)‐6‐Cl‐JP18. Tubulin is identified as a potential cellular target of these halogenated analogs by using the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) based method. X‐ray crystallography analysis reveals that both molecules bind to the colchicine‐binding site of β‐tubulin. Treatment of human cells with microtubule‐targeting agents (MTAs), including these two compounds, results in CENP‐A accumulation by destabilizing Cdh1, a co‐activator of the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligase. This study establishes a link between microtubule dynamics and CENP‐A accumulation using small‐molecule tools and highlights the role of Cdh1 in CENP‐A proteolysis.
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- 2024
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17. Machine learning-driven mast cell gene signatures for prognostic and therapeutic prediction in prostate cancer
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Abudukeyoumu Maimaitiyiming, Hengqing An, Chen Xing, Xiaodong Li, Zhao Li, Junbo Bai, Cheng Luo, Tao Zhuo, Xin Huang, Aierpati Maimaiti, Abudushalamu Aikemu, and Yujie Wang
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Prostate cancer ,Mast cell markers ,Transcriptomics analysis ,Computational biology ,Patient stratification ,Predictive biomarker ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: The role of Mast cells has not been thoroughly explored in the context of prostate cancer's (PCA) unpredictable prognosis and mixed immunotherapy outcomes. Our research aims to employs a comprehensive computational methodology to evaluate Mast cell marker gene signatures (MCMGS) derived from a global cohort of 1091 PCA patients. This approach is designed to identify a robust biomarker to assist in prognosis and predicting responses to immunotherapy. Methods: This study initially identified mast cell-associated biomarkers from prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients across six international cohorts. We employed a variety of machine learning techniques, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Lasso regression, and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, to develop an effective MCMGS from candidate genes. Subsequently, an immunological assessment of MCMGS was conducted to provide new insights into the evaluation of immunotherapy responses and prognostic assessments. Additionally, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and pathway analysis to explore the biological pathways and mechanisms associated with MCMGS. Results: MCMGS incorporated 13 marker genes and was successful in segregating patients into distinct high- and low-risk categories. Prognostic efficacy was confirmed by survival analysis incorporating MCMGS scores, alongside clinical parameters such as age, T stage, and Gleason scores. High MCMGS scores were correlated with upregulated pathways in fatty acid metabolism and β-alanine metabolism, while low scores correlated with DNA repair mechanisms, homologous recombination, and cell cycle progression. Patients classified as low-risk displayed increased sensitivity to drugs, indicating the utility of MCMGS in forecasting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion: The combination of MCMGS with a robust machine learning methodology demonstrates considerable promise in guiding personalized risk stratification and informing therapeutic decisions for patients with PCA.
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- 2024
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18. J-shaped associations of pan-immune-inflammation value and systemic inflammation response index with stroke among American adults with hypertension: evidence from NHANES 1999–2020
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Junchen Chen, Cheng Luo, Dianhui Tan, and Yong Li
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systemic inflammation ,stroke ,NHANES ,complete blood count ,hypertension ,smoking ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
IntroductionStroke, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is primarily ischemic and linked to hypertension. Hypertension, characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, significantly increases stroke risk. This study explores the association of novel systemic inflammatory markers (SII, PIV, SIRI) with stroke prevalence in hypertensive U.S. adults using NHANES data.MethodsWe analyzed data from hypertensive participants in the NHANES 1999–2020 survey, excluding those under 20, pregnant, or with missing data, resulting in 18,360 subjects. Systemic inflammatory markers (SII, PIV, SIRI) were calculated from blood counts. Hypertension and stroke status were determined by self-report and clinical measurements. Covariates included sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical history factors. Weighted statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore associations, with adjustments for various covariates. Ethical approval was obtained from the NCHS Ethics Review Board.ResultsIn a cohort of 18,360 hypertensive individuals (mean age 56.652 years), 7.25% had a stroke. Stroke patients were older, had lower PIR, and were more likely to be female, single, less educated, smokers, non-drinkers, physically inactive, and have diabetes and CHD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that SII was not significantly associated with stroke. However, PIV and SIRI were positively associated with stroke prevalence. Each unit increase in lnPIV increased stroke odds by 14% (OR = 1.140, p = 0.0022), and lnSIRI by 20.6% (OR = 1.206, p = 0.0144). RCS analyses confirmed J-shaped associations for lnPIV and lnSIRI with stroke. Stratified analyses identified gender and smoking as significant effect modifiers. Smoking was significantly associated with elevated PIV, SIRI, and SII levels, especially in current smokers.ConclusionElevated PIV and SIRI levels significantly increase stroke prevalence in hypertensive individuals, notably among males and smokers. A predictive model with PIV, SIRI, and sociodemographic factors offers strong clinical utility.
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- 2024
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19. A new model for dynamic mapping of effective connectivity in task fMRI
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Xin Chang, Zhi-huan Yang, Wei Yan, Ze-tao Liu, Cheng Luo, and De-zhong Yao
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Dynamic effective connectivity ,Psychophysiological interactions ,Sliding window ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Whole-brain dynamic functional connectivity is a growing area in neuroimaging research, encompassing data-driven methods for investigating how large-scale brain networks dynamically reorganize during resting states. However, this approach has been rarely applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired during task performance. In this study, we first combined the psychophysiological interactions (PPI) and sliding-window methods to analyze dynamic effective connectivity of fMRI data obtained from subjects performing the N-back task within the Human Connectome Project dataset. We then proposed a hypothetical model called Condition Activated Specific Trajectory (CAST) to represent a series of spatiotemporal synchronous changes in significantly activated connections across time windows, which we refer to as a trajectory. Our finding demonstrate that the CAST model outperforms other models in terms of intra-group consistency of individual spatial pattern of PPI connectivity, overall representational ability of temporal variability and hierarchy for individual task performance and cognitive traits. This dynamic view afforded by the CAST model reflects the intrinsic nature of coherent brain activities.
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- 2024
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20. Abnormal functional connectivity of white-matter networks and gray-white matter functional networks in patients with NMOSD
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Xincui Wan, Yingjie Tang, Yu Wu, Zhenming Xu, Wangsheng Chen, Feng Chen, Cheng Luo, and Fei Wang
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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ,Functional connectivity ,Functional covariance connectivity ,Resting-state fMRI ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) has been reported in 29–70% of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Abnormal white matter (WM) functional networks that correlate with cognitive functions have not been studied well in patients with NMOSD. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional connectivity (FC), spontaneous activity, and functional covariance connectivity (FCC) abnormalities of WM functional networks in patients with NMOSD and their correlation with cognitive performance. Twenty-four patients with NMOSD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Participants underwent brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Eight WM networks and nine gray matter (GM) networks were created. In patients, WM networks, including WM1–4, WM1–8, WM2–6, WM2–7, WM2–8, WM4–8, WM5–8 showed reduced FC (P < 0.05). All WM networks except WM1 showed decreased spontaneous activity (P < 0.05). The major GM networks demonstrated increased/decreased FC (P < 0.05), whereas GM7-WM7, GM8-WM4, GM8-WM6 and GM8-WM8 displayed decreased FC (P < 0.05). The MoCA results showed that two-thirds (16/24) of the patients had CI. FC and FCC in WM networks were correlated negatively with the MoCA scores (P < 0.05). WM functional networks are multi-layered. Abnormal FC of WM functional networks and GM functional networks may be responsible for CI.
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- 2024
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21. Online Attention Enhanced Differential and Decomposed LSTM for Time Series Prediction
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Lina Li, Shengkui Huang, Guoxing Liu, Cheng Luo, Qinghe Yu, and Nianfeng Li
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Online prediction ,time series ,LSTM ,self-attention mechanism ,difference and decomposition ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Due to the time variability and bursty of data, accurate and lag-free time series prediction is difficult and challenging. To address these problems, we propose an online attention enhanced differential and decomposed LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model called OADDL, which can better capture the comprehensive core features and important structures of time series. In this model, the core features of the time series are first generated through differential and decomposition methods to reduce data complexity and remove noisy data. Then, the self-attention module and LSTM capture the full time core features and important structures of time series. Finally, FCN (Fully Connected Network) fuses the omnidirectional features of time series. Meanwhile, we design an online two-stage training mode for this model, in which attention enhanced LSTM and FCN models are sequentially trained, and the training set and model hyper-parameters are continuously updated over time, thus further capturing the time-varying and burst characteristics of time series. We conduct tests on three typical datasets, and the experimental results show that compared with latest typical deep learning models, OADDL can more accurately predict time series data and effectively alleviate the problem of prediction lag.
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- 2024
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22. A proteomic landscape of pharmacologic perturbations for functional relevance
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Zhiwei Liu, Shangwen Jiang, Bingbing Hao, Shuyu Xie, Yingluo Liu, Yuqi Huang, Heng Xu, Cheng Luo, Min Huang, Minjia Tan, and Jun-Yu Xu
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Proteomics ,Drug ,Perturbation ,Drug target ,Drug combination ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Pharmacological perturbation studies based on protein-level signatures are fundamental for drug discovery. In the present study, we used a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic platform to profile the whole proteome of the breast cancer MCF7 cell line under stress induced by 78 bioactive compounds. The integrated analysis of perturbed signal abundance revealed the connectivity between phenotypic behaviors and molecular features in cancer cells. Our data showed functional relevance in exploring the novel pharmacological activity of phenolic xanthohumol, as well as the noncanonical targets of clinically approved tamoxifen, lovastatin, and their derivatives. Furthermore, the rational design of synergistic inhibition using a combination of histone methyltransferase and topoisomerase was identified based on their complementary drug fingerprints. This study provides rich resources for the proteomic landscape of drug responses for precision therapeutic medicine.
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- 2024
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23. Effect of the passive damping plate on the vertical stability of permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension system
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Cheng Luo, Kunlun Zhang, and Huixian Zhang
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damping ,magnetic fields ,magnetic forces ,magnetic levitation ,stability ,Applications of electric power ,TK4001-4102 - Abstract
Abstract The vertical stability of permanent magnet (PM) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system with a passive damping plate is studied because of the well‐known under‐damped nature of the EDS suspension system. The passive damping plate is installed under the Halbach permanent magnet array. When the vehicle‐mounted Halbach array and passive damping plate move to cut the track conductive plate, the 2D eddy current force is derived by establishing equations of magnetic vector potentials and using the Maxwell stress tensor method. And a 2D finite‐element model (FEM) is built to validate the accuracy of the derived levitation force equation. Based on the derived levitation force equation, the vertical stability of the PM EDS system with a passive damping plate and the effects of the main parameters on the damping ratio are analysed.
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- 2024
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24. Urolithin C alleviates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes by activating Nrf2 signaling
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Cheng Luo, Can Hou, Danyi Yang, Tingting Tan, and Chen Chao
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Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Aims Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that destroys insulin-generating pancreatic β-cells. Preserving pancreatic β-cell function is important for treating T1D. Our study aims to explore the mechanism underlying urolithin C (UC)-mediated regulation of β-cell function. Methods Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were administrated with UC to evaluate UC-mediated protection of T1D. The inflammation of the pancreas islets was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay and oral glucose tolerance test were applied to evaluate the progression of T1D. MIN6 cells were treated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the presence of UC. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8. Cell apoptosis, proliferation and DNA fragmentation were examined by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, EdU incorporation and comet assays. Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were examined by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect Nrf2 and insulin. Results UC administration significantly reduced diabetes incidence, attenuated insulitis, elevated insulin levels and GSIS and reduced blood glucose and AUC in NOD mice. Cytokine treatment suppressed MIN6 cell viability and proliferation but enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage, and these detrimental effects were relieved by UC treatment. Furthermore, UC administration inhibited Keap1 expression and promoted the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in NOD mice. Nrf2 signaling has been reported to be implicated in preventing the onset of diabetes, and HO-1 and NQO1 are phase II antioxidant enzymes that are regulated by Nrf2 signaling. Cytokine treatment upregulated Keap1 and downregulated Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in MIN6 cells, but it was reversed by UC. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was prevented by cytokine treatment, but UC promoted its nuclear translocation. UC-mediated upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, decreased cell apoptosis and increased proliferation and insulin secretion were abolished by silencing of Nrf2. Conclusion UC improves pancreatic β-cell function by activating Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating T1D progression.
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- 2023
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25. Two-Dimensional Legendre Polynomial Method for Internal Tide Signal Extraction
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Yunfei Zhang, Cheng Luo, Haibo Chen, Wei Cui, and Xianqing Lv
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Legendre polynomial fitting ,satellite observation ,data analysis ,internal tide signals ,correlation analysis ,Science - Abstract
This study employs the two-dimensional Legendre polynomial fitting (2-D LPF) method to fit M2 tidal harmonic constants from satellite altimetry data within the region of 53°E–131°E, 34°S–6°N, extracting internal tide signals acting on the sea surface. The M2 tidal harmonic constants are derived from the sea surface height (SSH) data of the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 satellites via t-tide analysis. We validate the 2-D LPF method against the 300 km moving average (300 km smooth) method and the one-dimensional Legendre polynomial fitting (1-D LPF) method. Through cross-validation across 42 orbits, the optimal polynomial orders are determined to be seven for 1-D LPF, and eight and seven for the longitudinal and latitudinal directions in 2-D LPF, respectively. The 2-D LPF method demonstrated superior spatial continuity and smoothness of internal tide signals. Further single-orbit correlation analysis confirmed generally higher correlation with topographic and density perturbations (correlation coefficients: 0.502, 0.620, 0.245; 0.420, 0.273, −0.101), underscoring its accuracy. Overall, the 2-D LPF method can use all regional data points, overcoming the limitations of single-orbit approaches and proving its effectiveness in extracting internal tide signals acting on the sea surface.
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- 2024
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26. Identification and Analysis of the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Gene Family and Potential Roles in High-Temperature Stress Response of Herbaceous Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)
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Xiaoxuan Chen, Danqing Li, Junhong Guo, Qiyao Wang, Kaijing Zhang, Xiaobin Wang, Lingmei Shao, Cheng Luo, Yiping Xia, and Jiaping Zhang
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herbaceous peony (P. lactiflora) ,high-temperature stress ,thermotolerance ,reactive oxygen species (ROS) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,exogenous hormones ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) plant is world-renowned for its ornamental, medicinal, edible, and oil values. As global warming intensifies, its growth and development are often affected by high-temperature stress, especially in low-latitude regions. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme in the plant antioxidant systems and plays vital roles in stress response by maintaining the dynamic balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. To reveal the members of then SOD gene family and their potential roles under high-temperature stress, we performed a comprehensive identification of the SOD gene family in the low-latitude cultivar ‘Hang Baishao’ and analyzed the expression patterns of SOD family genes (PlSODs) in response to high-temperature stress and exogenous hormones. The present study identified ten potential PlSOD genes, encoding 145–261 amino acids, and their molecular weights varied from 15.319 to 29.973 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PlSOD genes were categorized into three sub-families, and members within each sub-family exhibited similar conserved motifs. Gene expression analysis suggested that SOD genes were highly expressed in leaves, stems, and dormancy buds. Moreover, RNA-seq data revealed that PlCSD1-1, PlCSD3, and PlFSD1 may be related to high-temperature stress response. Finally, based on the Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results, seven SOD genes were significantly upregulated in response to high-temperature stress, and exogenous EBR and ABA treatments can enhance high-temperature tolerance in P. lactiflora. Overall, these discoveries lay the foundation for elucidating the function of PlSOD genes for the thermotolerance of herbaceous peony and facilitating the genetic breeding of herbaceous peony cultivars with strong high-temperature resistance.
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- 2024
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27. A three-dimensional coupled structure triboelectric nanogenerator for vertical and horizontal mechanical energy harvesting and fitness gait monitoring
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Cheng Luo and Hai Li
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Recently, the self-powered monitoring device used for wearable sensors has attracted attention from various industries. It is worth noting that previous self-powered sensors were mostly focused on unidirectional sensing and monitoring, and few sensors can achieve both longitudinal and transverse sensing functions simultaneously. Here, we designed an arched and stacked coupling structure triboelectric nanogenerator (AS-TENG) to harvest horizontal and vertical mechanical energy. Meanwhile, the AS-TENG can simultaneously achieve sensing effects on longitudinal pressure and transverse pulling force. According to the results, the pulling force sensing sensitivity of AS-TENG can reach 2.415 V N−1, and the pressure sensing sensitivity of AS-TENG can arrive at 2.78 V N−1. Furthermore, under longitudinal 6 Hz mechanical motion excitation, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) of AS-TENG can reach 28.21 μA and 173.25 V, respectively. The transfer charge (Qsc) of AS-TENG can arrive at 169.7 nC. The AS-TENG can achieve a maximum output power of 2.02 mW at a 3 MΩ load. Moreover, the sensing signal pulse width of AS-TENG can reach 180 ms, which is higher than the traditional arch structure’s 110 ms, indicating the unique advantages of AS-TENG in future fitness monitoring. This study provides a 3D triboelectric multi-directional sensor that will serve the fields of intelligent wearable fitness and sports.
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- 2024
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28. Artificial intelligence-assisted measurements of coronary computed tomography angiography parameters such as stenosis, flow reserve, and fat attenuation for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary arterial disease
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Cheng Luo, Liang Mo, Zisan Zeng, Muliang Jiang, and Bihong T. Chen
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Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) ,artificial intelligence (AI) ,coronary artery disease (CAD) ,major adverse cardiac events (MACE) ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising tools for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. This study explores the potential of AI-assisted measurements in enhancing the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Participants were classified into MACE and non-MACE groups based on their clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics and AI-assisted measurements of CCTA parameters, including CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and fat attenuation index (FAI), were collected. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of MACE, which were used to build predictive models. Statistical analyses revealed three independent predictors of MACE: severe stenosis, CT-FFR ≤ 0.8, and mean FAI (P < 0.05). Seven predictive models incorporating various combinations of these predictors were developed. The model combining all three predictors demonstrated superior performance, as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.811 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.774 – 0.847), a sensitivity of 0.776, and a specificity of 0.726. Our findings suggest that AI-assisted CCTA analysis, particularly using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and FAI, could significantly improve the prediction of MACE in patients with CAD, thereby potentially aiding clinical decision making.
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- 2024
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29. Meta-analysis of clinical adverse events after CABG vs. PCI in patients with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease
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Cheng Luo, Qiang wang, Shuxiong Nong, Yushan Chen, Longchang Li, and Chun Gui
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Clinical adverse events ,Cardiovascular Disease ,meta-analysis ,Chronic Kidney Disease ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Aim To investigate the efficacy and postoperative clinical adverse events of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic kidney disease (CKD) study participants combined with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focus on the therapeutic effect evaluation of CABG and PCI and their effect on postoperative clinical adverse events as well as main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in CKD study participants with CAD were screened from the following databases, including CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang, VIP, Embase, PubMed, as well as Cochrane library clinical controlled trials. The study was conducted under the PRISMA 2020 criteria. Data were extracted, and quality control was evaluated from the modified Jadad rating scale. Meta-analysis was then undertaken through STATA 16.0 software. Results A total of 5 RCTs were obtained, including 1198 patients. Study participants were subdivided into two groups, including the PCI group (n = 604) and the CABG group (n = 594). Meta-analysis of clinical adverse events results showed that the long-term survival results of CAD patients with CKD who underwent PCI were worsened compared to CABG, such as long-term MACCEs (RR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.04–2.43) and the long-term repeated revascularization (RR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.76–3.49). Also, cardiac death (RR = 1.68, 95%CI:1.04–2.71), as well as cerebrovascular accident (RR = 1.74, 95%CI:1.04–2.90) in CABG group was significantly lower than that in PCI group. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that CABG provided a better therapeutic effect than PCI in CKD patients with CAD when considering long-term prognosis. However, more prospective RCTs are needed to define the proper revascularization strategy for CAD patients with CKD.
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- 2023
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30. Effects of Ultrafine Grinding Pretreatment on Physicochemical Properties of Alkali- and Water-Extracted Wheat Bran Polysaccharides
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Huan WANG, Lejiao WANG, Chenlinrui YUE, Cheng LUO, Yuan ZHU, Linwei YANG, Tao ZHANG, Chao LI, and Yinji CHEN
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ultrafine grinding ,wheat bran polysaccharide ,arabinoxylan ,physicochemical properties ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
To utilize wheat bran by-products in high value, wheat bran raw materials were pretreated with ultrafine grinding (for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min) and wheat bran polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alkali extraction. The effects of ultrafine grinding pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of wheat bran polysaccharides were analyzed based on yield, chemical composition (arabinoxylan, total sugar, protein, and ferulic acid), infrared spectrum, monosaccharide composition, potential, particle size, solubility, and microstructure. The results showed that the yield of alkali-extracted and water-extracted wheat bran polysaccharide increased from 6.6% and 1.34% to 15.03% and 6.28%, respectively. The content of arabxylan (AX) obtained by alkali extraction and water extraction increased from 53.13% and 33.32% to 73.35% and 37.52%, respectively. The particle size of alkali-extracted and water-extracted wheat bran polysaccharide decreased from 308.47 and 919.23 nm to 203.8 and 168.03 nm, respectively. The results from infrared spectroscopy and monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the ultrafine grinding pretreatment had little effect on the structure of the functional group of polysaccharide extracted from wheat bran by alkali and water extraction. However, the pretreatment could destroy the ordered structure of the wheat bran polysaccharide. The total content and proportion of arabinose and xylose, which were the main components of wheat bran polysaccharide, increased significantly after ultrafine grinding (P
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- 2023
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31. Natural product P57 induces hypothermia through targeting pyridoxal kinase
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Ruina Wang, Lei Xiao, Jianbo Pan, Guangsen Bao, Yunmei Zhu, Di Zhu, Jun Wang, Chengfeng Pei, Qinfeng Ma, Xian Fu, Ziruoyu Wang, Mengdi Zhu, Guoxiang Wang, Ling Gong, Qiuping Tong, Min Jiang, Junchi Hu, Miao He, Yun Wang, Tiejun Li, Chunmin Liang, Wei Li, Chunmei Xia, Zengxia Li, Dengke K. Ma, Minjia Tan, Jun Yan Liu, Wei Jiang, Cheng Luo, Biao Yu, and Yongjun Dang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme environmental conditions. However, pharmacological induction of hypothermia in most mammals remains a huge challenge. Here we show that a natural product P57 promptly induces hypothermia and decreases energy expenditure in mice. Mechanistically, P57 inhibits the kinase activity of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), a key metabolic enzyme of vitamin B6 catalyzing phosphorylation of pyridoxal (PL), resulting in the accumulation of PL in hypothalamus to cause hypothermia. The hypothermia induced by P57 is significantly blunted in the mice with knockout of PDXK in the preoptic area (POA) of hypothalamus. We further found that P57 and PL have consistent effects on gene expression regulation in hypothalamus, and they may activate medial preoptic area (MPA) neurons in POA to induce hypothermia. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that P57 has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia through regulation of vitamin B6 metabolism and PDXK serves as a previously unknown target of P57 in thermoregulation. In addition, P57 may serve as a chemical probe for exploring the neuron circuitry related to hypothermia state in mice.
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- 2023
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32. Functional and structural networks decoupling in generalized tonic–clonic seizures and its reorganization by drugs
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Haonan Pei, Shuai Ma, Wei Yan, Zetao Liu, Yuehan Wang, Zhihuan Yang, Qifu Li, Dezhong Yao, Sisi Jiang, Cheng Luo, and Liang Yu
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antiseizure medications ,connectivity ,coupling degree ,epilepsy ,MRI ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Objective To investigate potential functional and structural large‐scale network disturbances in untreated patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) and the effects of antiseizure drugs. Methods In this study, 41 patients with GTCS, comprising 21 untreated patients and 20 patients who received antiseizure medications (ASMs), and 29 healthy controls were recruited to construct large‐scale brain networks based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Structural and functional connectivity and network‐level weighted correlation probability (NWCP) were further investigated to identify network features that corresponded to response to ASMs. Results Untreated patients showed more extensive enhancement of functional and structural connections than controls. Specifically, we observed abnormally enhanced connections between the default mode network (DMN) and the frontal–parietal network. In addition, treated patients showed similar functional connection strength to that of the control group. However, all patients exhibited similar structural network alterations. Moreover, the NWCP value was lower for connections within the DMN and between the DMN and other networks in the untreated patients; receiving ASMs could reverse this pattern. Significance Our study identified alterations in structural and functional connectivity in patients with GTCS. The influence of ASMs may be more noticeable within the functional network; moreover, abnormalities in both the functional and structural coupling state may be improved by ASM treatment. Therefore, the coupling state of structural and functional connectivity may be used as an indicator of the efficacy of ASMs.
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- 2023
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33. Inhibiting the NF-κB/DRP1 Axis Affords Neuroprotection after Spinal Cord Injury via Inhibiting Polarization of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia
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Chen Song, Kaihui Zhang, Cheng Luo, Xiaoyong Zhao, and Baoshan Xu
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spinal cord injury ,nuclear factor kappa b ,dynamin-related protein 1 ,microglia polarization ,mitochondrial fission ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered a central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates inflammatory responses in the CNS and is implicated in SCI pathogenesis. The mechanism(s) through which NF-κB contributes to the neuroinflammation observed during SCI however remains unclear. Methods: SCI rat models were created using the weight drop method and separated into Sham, SCI and SCI+NF-κB inhibitor groups (n = 6 rats per-group). We used Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining (H&E) and Nissl staining for detecting histological changes in the spinal cord. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) behavioral scores were utilized for assessing functional locomotion recovery. Mouse BV2 microglia were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic SCI-induced microglial inflammation in vitro. Results: Inhibition of NF-κB using JSH-23 alleviated inflammation and neuronal injury in SCI rats’ spinal cords, leading to improved locomotion recovery (p < 0.05). NF-κB inhibition reduced expression levels of CD86, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and improved expression levels of CD206, IL-4, and tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in both LPS-treated microglia and SCI rats’ spinal cords (p < 0.05). Inhibition of NF-κB also effectively suppressed mitochondrial fission, evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) at Ser616 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We show that inhibition of the NF-κB/DRP1 axis prevents mitochondrial fission and suppresses pro-inflammatory microglia polarization, promoting neurological recovery in SCI. Targeting the NF-κB/DRP1 axis therefore represents a novel approach for SCI.
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- 2024
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34. Surface Analysis of Stainless Steel Electrodes Cleaned by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
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Jia Zhang, Mengjia Dang, Cheng Luo, Yongshan Ba, and Qingkai Li
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atmospheric pressure plasma ,stainless steel electrode ,carbon pollutants ,wettability ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
The Z-pinch device is a critical component in inertial confinement fusion, where stainless steel electrodes must withstand high current densities of up to MA/cm2. Gases and difficult-to-remove impurities adhering to the electrode surfaces can ionize, significantly impacting the device’s electrical conductivity efficiency. In this paper, the surface of stainless steel electrodes was subjected to cleaning using a large-area plasma jet under atmospheric pressure. The wettability, chemical composition, and chemical state of the electrode surface were characterized using a water contact angle measuring instrument and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cleaning effect under different discharge parameters was systematically analyzed. The results revealed a significant reduction in the content of carbon pollutants on the surface of stainless steel electrodes, decreasing from 62.95% to a minimum of 37.68% after plasma cleaning. Moreover, the water contact angle decreased from 70.76° to a minimum of 29.31°, and the content of water molecules adsorbed on the surface decreased from 17.31% to a minimum of 5.9%. Based on the evolution process of micro-element content and chemical state on the surface of stainless steel electrode, the cleaning process of adhering substances on the surface by atmospheric pressure plasma was analyzed by the layered cleaning model for surface pollutants on stainless steel.
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- 2024
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35. The Role of TRAIL Signaling in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies
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Cheng Luo, Shan He, Feng Shi, Jianhua Zhou, and Li Shang
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tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ,cancer treatment ,tumor microenvironment ,apoptosis ,immunotherapy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant threat to global health, with its status as a leading cause of death remaining unchallenged. Within the realm of cancer research, the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) stands out as a critical player, having been identified in the 1990s as the tenth member of the TNF family. This review examines the pivotal role of TRAIL in cancer biology, focusing on its ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells through both endogenous and exogenous pathways. We provide an in-depth analysis of TRAIL’s intracellular signaling and intercellular communication, underscoring its potential as a selective anticancer agent. Additionally, the review explores TRAIL’s capacity to reshape the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing cancer progression and response to therapy. With an eye towards future developments, we discuss the prospects of harnessing TRAIL’s capabilities for the creation of tailored, precision-based cancer treatments, aiming to enhance efficacy and improve patient survival rates.
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- 2024
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36. The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in EBV-Associated Cancer: Implications for Cancer Therapy
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Shan He, Cheng Luo, Feng Shi, Jianhua Zhou, and Li Shang
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ferroptosis ,Epstein–Barr Virus ,programmed cell death ,infection-related cancer ,cancer therapy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel and iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. EBV is a well-recognized oncogenic virus that controls multiple signaling pathways within the host cell, including ferroptosis signaling. Recent studies show that inducing ferroptosis could be an efficient therapeutic strategy for EBV-associated tumors. This review will firstly describe the mechanism of ferroptosis, then summarize EBV infection and EBV-associated tumors, as well as the crosstalk between EBV infection and the ferroptosis signaling pathway, and finally discuss the role and potential application of ferroptosis-related reagents in EBV-associated tumors.
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- 2024
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37. Construction of a bacteriophage-derived recombinase system in Bacillus licheniformis for gene deletion
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Fang Xue, Xufan Ma, Cheng Luo, Dongliang Li, Guiyang Shi, and Youran Li
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Bacillus licheniformis ,Homologous recombination ,Recombinase RecT ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Bacillus licheniformis and its related strains have found extensive applications in diverse industries, agriculture, and medicine. However, the current breeding methods for this strain primarily rely on natural screening and traditional mutagenesis. The limited availability of efficient genetic engineering tools, particularly recombination techniques, has hindered further advancements in its applications. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to identify and characterize a recombinase, RecT, derived from a Bacillus phage. Remarkably, the recombinase exhibited a 105-fold enhancement in the recombination efficiency of the strain. To facilitate genome editing, we developed a system based on the conditional expression of RecT using a rhamnose-inducible promoter (Prha). The efficacy of this system was evaluated by deleting the amyL gene, which encodes an α-amylase. Our findings revealed that the induction time and concentration of rhamnose, along with the generation time of the strain, significantly influenced the editing efficiency. Optimal conditions for genome editing were determined as follows: the wild-type strain was initially transformed with the genome editing plasmid, followed by cultivation and induction with 1.5% rhamnose for 8 h. Subsequently, the strain was further cultured for an additional 24 h, equivalent to approximately three generations. Consequently, the recombination efficiency reached an impressive 16.67%. This study represents a significant advancement in enhancing the recombination efficiency of B. licheniformis through the utilization of a RecT-based recombination system. Moreover, it provides a highly effective genome editing tool for genetic engineering applications in this strain.
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- 2023
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38. External application of mirabilite before surgery can reduce the inflammatory response and accelerate recovery in mild acute biliary pancreatitis
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Hao Cai, Jian Du, Cheng Luo, and Shengwei Li
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Biliary pancreatitis ,Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,Mirabilite ,Inflammatory response ,Adhesion ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP) is one of the most common diseases that require surgical treatment. Previous studies have focused on the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for MABP. However, the impact of its inflammatory response process on the clinical outcome has been rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative external application of mirabilite on the inflammatory response and clinical efficacy in MABP. Methods Medical records of patients undergoing LC due to MABP from November 2017 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Prior to surgery, the control group received the same baseline treatment measures as the study group. The difference was the addition of external application of mirabilite in the study group. Results A total of 75 patients were included in the final analysis: 38 patients in the mirabilite group and 37 patients in the control group. Repeated-measures ANOVA (P
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- 2023
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39. Research Progress on Processing Technology, Components, Microbial Diversity and Bioactivities of Pickled Tea
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Haiyan LI, Cheng LUO, Yao LI, Fuyi WANG, Jinping ZHOU, and Qiuye LIN
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pickled tea ,anaerobic fermentation ,processing technology ,bioactive molecules ,microflora composition ,functional effects ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Pickled tea is prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensisa with a microbial fermentation process under an anaerobic condition after fixation followed by drying and mainly found in Yunnan of China, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Japan. Unlike other post-fermented teas such as Pu'erh tea and dark tea, lactic acid bacteria are the dominant microorganisms of pickled tea, bestowing pickled tea with unique flavor characteristics and functional activities. Pickled tea has gaining increasing attention as a novel tea product fermented with lactic acid bacteria. This paper mainly reviews the production process, microbial diversity and nutritional and chemical composition of pickled tea prepared in different regions, as well as the its bioactivity of including antioxidant, antibacterial and regulatory metabolic syndrome, in order to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development, inheritance and protection of pickled tea. The problems of probiotic resource, its quality stability, and standard processing of pickled tea are prospected, providing reference for further research of this tea.
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- 2023
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40. Metagenomic insight into the biodegradation of biomass and alkaloids in the aging process of cigar
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Fang Xue, Juan Yang, Cheng Luo, Dongliang Li, Guiyang Shi, Guangfu Song, and Youran Li
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Cigar ,Natural aging ,Microbial community ,Environmental factors ,Technology ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract A significant distinction between cigar production and tobacco lies in the necessary aging process, where intricate microbial growth, metabolic activities, enzymatic catalysis, and chemical reactions interact. Despite its crucial role in determining the final quality of cigars, our comprehension of the underlying chemical and biological mechanisms within this process remains insufficient. Biomass and alkaloids are the primary constituents that influence the flavor of cigars. Consequently, investigating the entire aging process could begin by exploring the involvement of microbes and enzymes in their biodegradation. In this study, handmade cigars were aged under different conditions. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to identify the microbes and enzymes responsible for the degradation of biomass and alkaloids derived from tobacco leaves. The results revealed that various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, duration time, and turning frequency, yielded varying contents of total sugar and alkaloids in the cigars. Significant correlations were observed between microbial communities and starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and alkaloids. Key species involved in the breakdown of biomass constituents, such as starch (Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas sp. 286, and Aspergillus cristatus), reducing sugars and total sugars (Aspergillus cristatus and Nitrolancea hollandica), were identified. Furthermore, Corynespora cassiicola and Pseudomonas fulva were found to potentially contribute to the degradation of alkaloid compounds, specifically nornicotine and neonicotinoid. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the microbial roles in the aging of cigars. Moreover, the selection of specific microbial strains or starter cultures can be employed to control and manipulate the aging process, thereby further refining the flavor development in cigar products. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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41. Progressive trajectories of schizophrenia across symptoms, genes, and the brain
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Sisi Jiang, Huan Huang, Jingyu Zhou, Hechun Li, Mingjun Duan, Dezhong Yao, and Cheng Luo
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Schizophrenia ,Neuroimaging ,Symptom ,Genetics ,Progression ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Schizophrenia is characterized by complex psychiatric symptoms and unclear pathological mechanisms. Most previous studies have focused on the morphological changes that occur over the development of the disease; however, the corresponding functional trajectories remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the progressive trajectories of patterns of dysfunction after diagnosis. Methods Eighty-six patients with schizophrenia and 120 healthy controls were recruited as the discovery dataset. Based on multiple functional indicators of resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging, we conducted a duration-sliding dynamic analysis framework to investigate trajectories in association with disease progression. Neuroimaging findings were associated with clinical symptoms and gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas database. A replication cohort of patients with schizophrenia from the University of California, Los Angeles, was used as the replication dataset for the validation analysis. Results Five stage-specific phenotypes were identified. A symptom trajectory was characterized by positive-dominated, negative ascendant, negative-dominated, positive ascendant, and negative surpassed stages. Dysfunctional trajectories from primary and subcortical regions to higher-order cortices were recognized; these are associated with abnormal external sensory gating and a disrupted internal excitation–inhibition equilibrium. From stage 1 to stage 5, the importance of neuroimaging features associated with behaviors gradually shifted from primary to higher-order cortices and subcortical regions. Genetic enrichment analysis identified that neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative factors may be relevant as schizophrenia progresses and highlighted multiple synaptic systems. Conclusions Our convergent results indicate that progressive symptoms and functional neuroimaging phenotypes are associated with genetic factors in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the identification of functional trajectories complements previous findings of structural abnormalities and provides potential targets for drug and non-drug interventions in different stages of schizophrenia.
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- 2023
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42. The impact of Astragaloside IV on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota in cases of acute lung injury is examined through the utilization of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Cheng Luo, Yuanhang Ye, Anqi Lv, Wanzhao Zuo, Yi Yang, Cheng Jiang, and Jia Ke
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ObjectivesAstragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound with a variety of pharmacological effects, and several studies have clarified its anti-inflammatory effects, which may make it an effective alternative treatment against inflammation. In the study, we aimed to investigate whether AS-IV could attenuate the inflammatory response to acute lung injury and its mechanisms.MethodsDifferent doses of AS-IV (20mg·kg-1, 40mg·kg-1, and 80mg·kg-1) were administered to the ALI rat model, followed by collection of serum and broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for examination of the inflammatory response, and HE staining of the lung and colon tissues, and interpretation of the potential molecular mechanisms by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB). In addition, fecal samples from ALI rats were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsAS-IV decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum and BALF of mice with Acute lung injury (ALI). Lung and colon histopathology confirmed that AS-IV alleviated inflammatory infiltration, tissue edema, and structural changes. qRT-PCR and WB showed that AS-IV mainly improved inflammation by inhibiting the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR mRNA, and improved the disorder of intestinal microflora by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria and reducing the number of harmful bacteria.ConclusionAS-IV reduces the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and optimizes the composition of the gut microflora in AIL rats.
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- 2024
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43. Curing kinetics study of thermosetting resin material with ultra-low dielectric loss for advanced electronic packaging
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Zeming Fang, Xiaowei Wu, Xiaotao Zhu, Cheng Luo, Dan Li, Qianfa Liu, and Ke Wang
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Dielectric loss ,Thermal analysis ,Curing kinetics ,Hydrocarbon resin ,Electronic packaging ,Polymers and polymer manufacture ,TP1080-1185 - Abstract
Ultra-low-loss resin materials are widely utilized in the novel electronic packaging. In this study, we have investigated the curing reaction kinetics of ultra-low-loss thermosetting resin systems represented by thermosetting polyphenylene oxide/small molecule crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate/macromolecular crosslinking agent 1,2-polybutadiene. Their curing process is very different from the commonly used epoxy resin. First, the curing reaction of such resin systems is decelerating, unlike typical auto-accelerating systems. Due to the high reaction temperature, the initiator concentration rapidly declines during curing, resulting in dead-end polymerization. Therefore, calculating the activation energy with conversion by the isoconversional method is not completely applicable. However, the calculation results are helpful for further analysis of the reaction mechanism and fitting of the reaction rate. More importantly, samples with high initiator content suffer from diffusion-controlled reactions, leading to a rapid increase in dielectric loss. This phenomenon has a great impact on materials requiring ultra-low dielectric loss. The use of higher reaction temperature initiators, especially carbon-carbon initiators, can mitigate the excessive and increasing dielectric loss. These research findings have great reference value for developing new resin materials with ultra-low loss.
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- 2024
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44. The response of hippocampal functional connectivity to sustained pain in a pain-sensitive population
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Yingjie Tang, Mingjun Duan, Saiying Tan, Xiaoli Liu, Dezhong Yao, Cheng Luo, and Hui He
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pain ,functional connectivity ,hippocampus ,pain sensitive ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of pain on functions and the relationship between functional changes in the hippocampus and attention and anxiety in a pain-sensitive population. Methods Fifty-three healthy subjects with no chronic pain were recruited in this study and divided into a pain-sensitive group (PS, n = 26) and a pain-tolerant group (PT, n = 27) according to the cold pressor test (CPT). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a cold bottle test (cold and control conditions) was performed. The static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus was analyzed in both groups for the two conditions. Results Compared with PT, there were fewer static functional connections between the right hippocampus and the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus in the PS group. Moreover, reduced functional connections between the hippocampus and brain regions were related to anxiety in the PS group, including the inferior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. Significance Our results found that pain disturbed the default mode network in the PS group, which may be related to self-awareness. This result may reflect that people who are sensitive to pain are more likely to feel anxious.Key Points The functional connectivity within the DMN in the pain-sensitive group was significantly reduced, indicating the relationship between self-awareness and pain. The functional connectivity in the pain-sensitive group was significantly reduced in the hippocampus and some brain regions associated with anxiety, possibly reflecting the effect of pain on anxiety.
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- 2023
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45. Psychosocial intervention for schizophrenia
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Xiaoying Sun, Suping Yue, Mingjun Duan, Dezhong Yao, and Cheng Luo
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schizophrenia ,psychosocial intervention ,cognitive behavior therapy ,cognitive remediation therapy ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. The main treatment of schizophrenia is antipsychotic medications. Meanwhile, psychosocial treatment can be incorporated to improve the efficacy of treatment, including cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive remediation therapy, family therapy, psychoeducation, social skill training, and vocational rehabilitation. This study aimed to summarize the efficacy of various psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia through a literature review. The literature search was conducted by using the keywords “schizophrenia” and “psychosocial intervention,” “cognitive remediation therapy” “cognitive behavior therapy,” “family intervention,” “psychoeducation,” “social skill training” or “vocational rehabilitation” on PubMed, CENTRAL, Wiley Online Library and Web of Science. Psychosocial intervention can further improve the symptoms and functioning of patients, enhance drug compliance, reduce the recurrence and readmission rates, and increase the employment rate when added to treatment as usual.
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- 2023
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46. SAR-CDSS: A Semi-Supervised Cross-Domain Object Detection from Optical to SAR Domain
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Cheng Luo, Yueting Zhang, Jiayi Guo, Yuxin Hu, Guangyao Zhou, Hongjian You, and Xia Ning
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cross-domain ,synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ,semi-supervised object detection ,metric learning ,Science - Abstract
The unique imaging modality of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has posed significant challenges for object detection, making it more complex to acquire and interpret than optical images. Recently, numerous studies have proposed cross-domain adaptive methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to promote SAR object detection using optical data. However, existing cross-domain methods focus on image features, lack improvement on input data, and ignore the valuable supervision provided by few labeled SAR images. Therefore, we propose a semi-supervised cross-domain object detection framework that uses optical data and few SAR data to achieve knowledge transfer for SAR object detection. Our method focuses on the data processing aspects to gradually reduce the domain shift at the image, instance, and feature levels. First, we propose a data augmentation method of image mixing and instance swapping to generate a mixed domain that is more similar to the SAR domain. This method fully utilizes few SAR annotation information to reduce domain shift at image and instance levels. Second, at the feature level, we propose an adaptive optimization strategy to filter out mixed domain samples that significantly deviate from the SAR feature distribution to train feature extractor. In addition, we employ Vision Transformer (ViT) as feature extractor to handle the global feature extraction of mixed images. We propose a detection head based on normalized Wasserstein distance (NWD) to enhance objects with smaller effective regions in SAR images. The effectiveness of our proposed method is evaluated on public SAR ship and oil tank datasets.
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- 2024
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47. Acupuncture modulates the functional connectivity among the subcortical nucleus and fronto‐parietal network in adolescents with internet addiction
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Yang Wang, Yun Qin, Hui Li, Dezhong Yao, Bo Sun, Jinnan Gong, Yu Dai, Chao Wen, Lingrui Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Cheng Luo, and Tianmin Zhu
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acupuncture ,internet addiction ,large‐scale network ,multiple linear regression ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Internet addiction (IA), recognized as a behavioral addiction, is emerging as a global public health problem. Acupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating IA; however, the mechanism is not yet clear. To fill this knowledge gap, our study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the functional interactions among the addiction‐related networks in adolescents with IA. Methods Thirty individuals with IA and thirty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited. Subjects with IA were given a 40‐day acupuncture treatment, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected before and after acupuncture sessions. HCs received no treatment and underwent one fMRI scan after enrollment. The intergroup differences in functional connectivity (FC) among the subcortical nucleus (SN) and fronto‐parietal network (FPN) were compared between HCs and subjects with IA at baseline. Then, the intragroup FC differences between the pre‐ and post‐treatment were analyzed in the IA group. A multiple linear regression model was further employed to fit the FC changes to symptom relief in the IA group. Results In comparison to HCs, subjects with IA exhibited significantly heightened FC within and between the SN and FPN at baseline. After 40 days of acupuncture treatment, the FC within the FPN and between the SN and FPN were significantly decreased in individuals with IA. Symptom improvement in subjects with IA was well fitted by the decrease in FC between the left midbrain and ventral prefrontal cortex and between the left thalamus and ventral anterior prefrontal cortex. Conclusion These findings confirmed the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the aberrant functional interactions among the SN and FPN, which may partly reflect the neurophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for IA.
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- 2023
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48. Cu-doped W18O49 nanowire reticular films for electrochromic supercapacitors
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Hongzhao Wu, Honglong Ning, Muyun Li, Chenxiao Guo, Xinglin Li, Tian Qiu, Zhuohui Xu, Cheng Luo, Rihui Yao, and Junbiao Peng
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The method of improving the electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide by doping has attracted great interest. In this study, we successfully fabricated nanostructured tungsten oxide with different copper doping concentrations by a solvothermal method using copper chloride dihydrate and tungsten hexachloride as precursors. We found that the area-specific capacitance of the films gradually increased with the increase in doping concentration. The products were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results show that the films we fabricated are reticular structures composed of nanowires. The doping of copper can improve the electron conductivity and shorten the ion transmission distance, thus improving energy storage properties. When the doping concentration is 7% and the annealing temperature is 200 °C, the film had the largest surface capacitance of 17.89 mF/cm2 and the capacitance retention reached 58.23%.
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- 2023
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49. In-vehicle network intrusion detection systems: a systematic survey of deep learning-based approaches
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Feng Luo, Jiajia Wang, Xuan Zhang, Yifan Jiang, Zhihao Li, and Cheng Luo
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Intrusion detection system ,In-vehicle network ,Deep learning ,Cybersecurity ,Connected vehicle ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Developments in connected and autonomous vehicle technologies provide drivers with many convenience and safety benefits. Unfortunately, as connectivity and complexity within vehicles increase, more entry points or interfaces that may directly or indirectly access in-vehicle networks (IVNs) have been introduced, causing a massive rise in security risks. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a practical method for controlling malicious attacks while guaranteeing real-time communication. Regarding the ever-evolving security attacks on IVNs, researchers have paid more attention to employing deep learning-based techniques to deal with privacy concerns and security threats in the IDS domain. Therefore, this article comprehensively reviews all existing deep IDS approaches on in-vehicle networks and conducts fine-grained classification based on applied deep network architecture. It investigates how deep-learning techniques are utilized to implement different IDS models for better performance and describe their possible contributions and limitations. Further compares and discusses the studied schemes concerning different facets, including input data strategy, benchmark datasets, classification technique, and evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the usage preferences of deep learning in IDS, the influence of the dataset, and the selection of feature segments are discussed to illuminate the main potential properties for designing. Finally, possible research directions for follow-up studies are provided.
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- 2023
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50. Mechanism of hyperproteinemia-induced damage to female reproduction in a genetic silkworm model
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Gui-Hua Jiang, Guang Wang, Cheng Luo, Yong-Feng Wang, Jian-Feng Qiu, Ru-Ji Peng, Yang-Hu Sima, and Shi-Qing Xu
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Physiology ,Molecular biology ,Omics ,Transcriptomics ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Hyperproteinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated plasma protein concentrations (PPC) in humans and animals. Here, a genetic silkworm model with high PPC was employed to investigate the effect of elevated PPC on female reproduction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that high PPC induces downregulation of the ovarian development-related genes and disrupts ovarian sugar metabolism. Biochemical and endocrinal analyses revealed that high PPC increases trehalose and glucose levels in hemolymph and glycogen content in the fat body through activation of the gluconeogenic pathway and inhibition of the Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway-the serine/threonine kinase (IIS-AKT) pathway, thus disrupting characteristic metabolic homeostasis of sugar in the ovary. These resulted in ovarian developmental delay as well as reduced number and poor quality of eggs. Insulin supplementation effectively increased egg numbers by lowering blood sugar. These collective results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which high PPC negatively affects female reproduction and support the potential therapeutic effects of insulin.
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- 2023
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