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Objective To investigate the effect of minocycline (Mino) on the polarization of types M1/M2 microglia (pro- and anti-inflammatory type) in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with neuropathic pain (NP) induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and its underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 36 adult male SD rats were randomly stratified into Sham-operation (Sham) group, SNL group and Mino+SNL group by stratified random sampling based on body weight. Mechanical pain threshold and cold nociceptive thresholds of rat hind paw were measured in 1 d before and 14 d after modelling. Spinal cord tissue at the lumbar 5 (L5) segment was taken at 14 d after modelling, and the total number of microglia as well as the numbers of M1 and M2 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn were measured with immunohistochemistry and stereology. With aid of bioinformatics techniques, the core target in the spinal cord, Cst7, was selected. Then, the protein levels of microglia marker Iba-1, M1 microglia marker iNOS, M2 microglia marker CD206, Cst7 encoded protein cystatin F (CF) and pathway CatS/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 were detected with Western blotting. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the spinal cord tissues were measured with ELISA. Results The mechanical pain and cold nociceptive thresholds were both significantly higher in the M+SNL group than the SNL group at 7~14 d after modelling (P < 0.01). The total number of microglia and the numbers of M1/M2 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn as well as the expression levels of CatS, CX3CL1, CX3CR1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the spinal cord tissues were obviously increased, and the expression level of CF was notably decreased in the SNL model group than the Sham group (P < 0.01). While, Mino treatment remarkably reversed above phenomena, with decreased total number of microglia and number of M1 microglia as well as expression levels of CatS, CX3CL1, CX3CR1, TNF-α and IL-6, and increased number of M2 microglia as well as CF and IL-10 levels when compared with the SNL group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mino alleviates SNL induced neuropathic pain, probably through up-regulating CF in the microglia, and thus inhibiting the CatS/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway, promoting the conversion of microglia from type M1 to M2 to balance the imbalance in the M1/M2 polarization, and thus reducing neuroinflammation.

This paper describes the complexity and uncertainty of traditional culture and kindergarten drama and evaluates the impact on the integration by providing a reasonable measure of the degree of fuzziness of the fuzzy numerical analysis algorithm. Using the affiliation function for traditional culture and kindergarten theater for measurement, the fuzzy set affiliation function curve determines the corresponding element of the center of gravity of the theater, and that traditional culture element is used as the exact output value. It was found that the proportion of kindergarten drama education activities in appreciating drama works accounted for 56.75%, and the corresponding standard deviation in feeling traditional culture was the highest at 3.916. The importance of drama education activities with traditional culture as a carrier in the core literacy of young children cannot be ignored.

However, the integration of traditional culture and modern children’s theater education is not smooth in digitalizing big data information. Take shadow puppet theater. Its traditional culture is no longer as brilliant as yesterday due to the problems of not easy preservation and disconnected content. This paper focuses on integrating traditional culture and educational drama for young children based on the AdaBoost model. Firstly, we understand the principle, concept, and algorithm of the AdaBoost model by finding literature, constructing the AdaBoost-BPN prediction model and AdaBoost-WBLS model, and adopting ordinary BPN weak predictor, AdaBoost-BPN The AdaBoost-BPN prediction model and the AdaBoost-BPN prediction model with “weekend factor” were used to predict the traditional culture and educational drama of young children, and the prediction error evaluated the prediction results. Has higher integration training efficiency. In the integration weight update, different regularization update methods are used for different data categories to retain the features of the data and increase the inter-class distinction. WBLS is used as the base classifier and the optimization method of embedding WBLS in the AdaBoost framework to improve the performance of the integration of early childhood traditional text and educational drama. The results show that the AdaBoost-WBLS model has significantly improved G-mean on dichotomous and multiclassified datasets compared with similar models, with higher accuracy and better ability to handle unbalanced data. This study is conducive to planning the design of the teaching process according to the characteristics of the integration and change of traditional culture and educational drama for young children, and the combination of traditional culture represented by shadow puppet theater and children’s drama education is of great significance and value in guiding young children to establish the correct three views, stimulating their imagination and creativity, and promoting the development of their aesthetic education.

Drama education activities carried out by traditional culture comply with, guide and stimulate children’s dramatic nature so that each child can find a suitable place for himself in drama education activities and promote the growth of children with individuality. This paper builds a flipped classroom teaching model for kindergarten drama education activities based on the microblogging public platform. Teachers in the flipped classroom of drama education activities need to collect traditional cultural drama resources before class, and the basic framework of a personalized drama resource recommendation system is proposed on the WeChat public platform. The optimization of drama resource recommendation results is carried out using the preference score of drama resources using the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm of multi-featured users. The performance test is conducted for the personalized drama resource recommendation system constructed in this paper to provide drama resources for the development of kindergarten drama education activities in the flipped classroom. The results show that when the preference recommendation of multi-featured users’ drama resources has a certain number of users, its accuracy is about 4.5% higher than that of the traditional method, the F-score value is about 0.05 higher than that of the traditional recommendation method, and the real-time updating delay of the personalized recommendation system fluctuates between 1.18s~1.65s. The personalized recommendation system can help teachers to obtain the update and download of traditional culture drama resources in time, make a good guarantee of drama teaching resources for kindergartens to carry out drama education activities with traditional culture as the carrier, and cultivate young children’s awareness of the protection of traditional culture.

Purpose: The spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model is a typical peripheral neuropathic pain model. During its construction, the removal of paraspinal muscles and transverse processes typically occurs, resulting in additional trauma that may potentially affect the pathophysiologic process of neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of establishing a more reliable SNL model using an oblique lateral approach. Methods: 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the traditional SNL (T-SNL) group, the new SNL (N-SNL) group (where the left L5 spinal nerve was ligated with a titanium clip via an oblique lateral approach), and the sham-operated (Sham) group. The operation time, Intraoperative bleeding, the number of rats that died, gait behavior, mechanical and cold pain threshold were recorded and measured. Stereology technology was used to calculate the number of microglia in spinal dorsal horn, and the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology was used to detect the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cord as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum in order to assess the effect of surgery on animal inflammation. Results: Compared with the T-SNL group, operative time and intraoperative bleeding were significantly decreased in the N-SNL group. Within 14 days postoperation, one rat in the N-SNL group was died, two rats in the T-SNL group were died. Compared with the Sham group, the N-SNL group showed obvious spontaneous pain behavior, decreased the pain thresholds, the number of microglia and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased, and there was no significant difference in these indexes compared with T-SNL group. There was no significant difference in serum CRP levels among the three groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that the oblique lateral approach SNL model is a reliable NP model with the advantages of good reproducibility, accessibility, and low trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the allocation of preschool education resources and improving the efficiency of resource allocation is of great strategic significance for the universal and inclusive development of preschool education and the realization of "education for young children". In recent years, the shift from high-speed development to high-quality development of the social economy has significantly improved the balanced development level of China's preschool education industry. However, preschool education remains the weakest link in China's education system and the most unfavorable aspect of educational resource allocation. Problems such as shortage of preschool education resources, insufficient investment, uneven regional development, imbalanced supply and demand structure, low resource allocation efficiency, and "difficult to enter, expensive to enter" are still prominent. How to optimize resource allocation and improve resource utilization efficiency in the limited resources of preschool education is the key to achieving balanced, fair, coordinated, and high-quality development of preschool education. The county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation is MAGDM problems. Recently, the TODIM and TOPSIS technique was employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets (IVPFSs) are employed as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation. In this manuscript, the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM-TOPSIS (IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS) technique is built to solve the MAGDM under IVPFSs. Finally, a numerical case study for county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation is given to validate the proposed technique. The main contribution of this paper is managed: (1) the TODIM and TOPSIS technique was extended to IVPFSs; (2) Information Entropy is employed to manage the weight values under IVPFSs. (3) the IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS technique is founded to manage the MAGDM under IVPFSs; (4) Algorithm analysis for county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation and comparison analysis are constructed based on one numerical example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euphorbia factor L1 (EFL1, 1) is a natural tri-ester of 6,17-epoxylathyrol with cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity. Several EFL1 derivatives (2–9) were prepared by chemical and microbial transformations and their ability to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity was estimated. Six de-acylated derivatives (2–7) were obtained through base-hydrolysis of 1, and the base-catalysed hydrolysis via KOH and NaOH yielded different hydrolysed products of 1. Two biotransformed products (8–9) were directly obtained via microbial transformation of 1, and 8 was also formed by microbial conversion of the hydrolysed product 3. The P-gp modulation of 1–9 was assessed by a zebrafish model. The substrate 1 and its biotransformed product 9 as the tri-esters of lathyranes possessed the highest P-gp inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 34.97 and 15.50 µM, respectively, through down-regulating P-gp expression at the protein level rather than at MDR1 mRNA level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on configuration design, dimensional synthesis, and engineering application of a novel asymmetric 2R1T parallel mechanism (PM) with zero-coupling degree. The analytical forward and inverse displacement solutions are deduced by the means of vector method. The mathematical models between Euler angles and the orientational parameters (i.e., azimuth and tilt angles) of the offset output axis are established. Using screw theory as mathematical tool, this paper worked out evaluation indices of motion/force transmissibility and presented the definitions and calculation methods of good transmission orientation workspace and good transmission orientation capacity (GTOC). Furthermore, a comparative example with respect to kinematic performance of asymmetric UPS-RPU-PU PM and planar symmetric 2UPS-PU PM is carried out, and the result demonstrates that UPS-RPU-PU significantly outperforms 2UPS-PU in terms of GTOC. The constrained optimization model is constructed to formulate optimal problem of dimensional parameters on the maximizing GTOC, which is then solved by differential evolution algorithm. Finally, an engineering case demonstrates that the optimized mechanism has a good application prospect in hydraulic support test bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]