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2. Electrical injection and detection of spin accumulation in Ge at room temperature

Author

Hanbicki, A. T., Cheng, S. -. F., Goswami, R., Erve, O. M. J. van `t, and Jonker, B. T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We inject spin-polarized electrons from an Fe/MgO tunnel barrier contact into n-type Ge(001) substrates with electron densities 2e16 < n < 8e17 cm-3, and electrically detect the resulting spin accumulation using three-terminal Hanle measurements. We observe significant spin accumulation in the Ge up to room temperature. We observe precessional dephasing of the spin accumulation (the Hanle effect) in an applied magnetic field for both forward and reverse bias (spin extraction and injection), and determine spin lifetimes and corresponding diffusion lengths for temperatures of 225 K to 300 K. The room temperature spin lifetime increases from {\tau}s = 50 ps to 123 ps with decreasing electron concentration, as expected from electron spin resonance work on bulk Ge. The measured spin resistance-area product is in good agreement with values predicted by theory for samples with carrier densities below the metal-insulator transition (MIT), but 100x larger for samples above the MIT. These data demonstrate that the spin accumulation measured occurs in the Ge, although dopant-derived interface or band states may enhance the measured spin voltage above the MIT. We estimate the polarization in the Ge to be on the order of 1%., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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Gries, A., Singh, Balwinder, Nakazawal, Chicko, Genest, D., Getzoff, E. D., Matsuo, H., Kaur, Harpreet, Borst, J. W., Chadha, K. C., Tingyun, Kuang, Jagannadham, M. V., Leijon, Mikael, Sato, S., Bhakuni, Vlnod, Vijayan, M., Surolia, A., Suguna, K., Manoj, N., Srinivas, V. R., Ravishankar, R., Laggner, P., Prassl, R., Schwarzenbacher, R., Zeth, K., Kostner, G. M., Taylor, Susan S., Xuong, Nguyen-huu, Akamine, Pearl, Sagar, Bidva M., Saikrishnan, K., Purnapatre, K., Handa, P., Roy, S., Varshney, U., Biswal, B. K., Sukumar, N., Rao, J. K. Mohana, Johnson, A., Pattabhi, Vasantha, Murthy, M. R. N., Krishna, Sri S., Savithri, H. S., Sastri, Mira, Hosur, M. V., Pillai, Bindu, Kannan, K. K., Kumar, Mukesh, Patwardhan, Swati, Padmanabhaa, B., Sasaki-Sugio, S., Matsuzaki, T., Nukaga, M., Singh, T. P., Sharma, A. K., Srinivasan, A., Khan, J. A., Paramasivam, M., Kumar, P., Karthikevan, S., Sharma, S., Yadav, S., Srintvasan, A., Alam, Neelima, Gourinath, S., Kaur, Punit, Chandra, Vikas, Betzel, Ch., Ghosh, S., Bera, A. K., Pal, A. K., Baneriee, Asok, Mukhopadhyay, B. P., Bhattacharya, S., Chakraborty, S., Haldar, U., Dey, I., Solovicova, Adriana, Sevcik, Jozef, Sekar, K., Sundaralingam, M., Genov, N., Liang, Dong-cai, Zhang, Ji-ping, Jiang, Tao, Chang, Wen-rui, Blommers, Marcel, Jahnke, Wolfgang, Hosur, R. V., Panchal, S. C., Pillay, Bindu, Jaganathan, N. R., Mathur, Puniti, Srivatsun, S., Joshi, Ratan Mani, Chauhan, V. S., Govil, Girjesh, Atreya, H. S., Sahu, S. C., Quinjou, Éric, Adjadj, Elisabeth, Mispelter, Joël, Izadi-Pruneyre, Nadia, Blouquit, Yves, Heyd, Bernadette, Lerat, Guilhem, Desmadreil, Michel, Milnard, Philippe, Lin, Y., Rao, B. D. 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R., Hicks, D., Dreyfus, H., Sahel, J., Picaud, S., Forster, V., Wang, Hong-Wei, Sui, Sen-fang, Luther, Pradeep K., Morris, Ed, Barry, John, Squire, John, Sundari, Sivakama C., Balasubramanian, D., Christlet, Hema Thanka T., Veluraia, K., Suresh, Xavier M., Laretta-Garde, V., Krilov, Dubravka, Herak, Janko N., Stojanović, Nataša, Ferrone, Frank A., Ivanova, Maria, Jasuja, Ravi, Mirchev, Rossen, Stopar, David, Wolfs, Cor J. A. M., Hemminga, Marcus A., Spruijt, Ruud B., Arcovito, G., De Spirito, M., Frank, Joachim, Heagle, Amy B., Grassucci, Robert, Penczek, Pawel, Agrawal, Rajendra K., Sharma, Manjuli R., Wagenknecht, Terence, Jeyakumar, Loice H., Fleischer, Sidney, Knupp, Carlo, Squire, John M., Ezra, Eric, Munro, Peter M. G., Kitazawa, Hidefumi, Ichihara, Koji, Itoh, Tomohiko J., Iguchi, Yusuke, Pifat, Greta, Kveder, Marina, Pečar, Slavko, Schara, Milan, Nair, Deepak, Singh, Kavita, Rao, Kanury V. S., Sundaravadivel, B., Jain, Deepti, Kaur, Kanwaljeet, Salunke, D. M., Goel, Manisha, Kovalenko, E. I., Semenkova, G. N., Cherenkevich, S. N., Loganathan, D., Lakshmanan, T., Sriram, D., Srinivasan, S., Lebrón, J. A., Bjorkman, P. J., Ramalingam, T. S., Singh, A. K., Gayatri, T. N., Bisch, Paulo M., Caffarena, Ernesto R., Grigera, Raul J., Fromherz, P., Kiessling, V., Suresh, C. G., Rao, K. N., Khan, M. I., Gaikwad, S. M., Elanthiraiyan, M., Kaliannan, P., Payne, J., Chadha, K., Ambrus, J. L., Nair, M. P. N., Nair, Madhavan P. N., Hewitt, R., Schwartz, S. A., Mahajan, S., Macherel, D., Bourguignon, J., Neuburger, M., Douce, R., Cohen-Addad, C., Faure, M., Ober, R., Sieker, L., Gurumurthy, D. S., Velmurugan, S., Lobo, Z., Phadke, Ratna S., Desai, Prashant, Alieva, D. R., Guseinova, I. M., Zulfugarov, I. S., Aliev, J. A., Ismayilov, M. A., Novruzova, S. N., Savchenko, T. V., Suleimanov, Yu. S., Bartošková, Hana, Nauš, Jan, Ilík, Petr, Kouřil, Roman, Vidyasagar, P. B., Thomas, Sarah, Gaikwad, Jvoti U., Cseh, Z., Mustárdy, L., Garab, G., Simidjiev, I., Rajagopal, S., Várkonyi, Zs., Holzenburg, A., Stoylova, S., Papp, E., Millar, D. P., Bruder, R., Woo, T. T., Genick, U. K., Gerwert, K., Jávorfí, Tamás, Garab, Győző, Naqvi, Razi K., Gaikwad, Jyoti, Kalimullah, Md., Semwal, Manoj, Naus, Man, Ilik, Petr, Kouril, Roman, Horváth, Gábor, Bernard, Gary D., Pomozi, István, Wehner, Rüdiger, Damjanović, Ana, Schulten, Klaus, Ritz, Thorsten, Yandao, Gong, Jushuo, Wang, Nanming, Zhao, Jixiu, Shan, Freiberg, Arvi, Timpmann, Kõu, Woodbury, Neal W., Ruus, Rein, Nemtseva, E. V., Kudryasheva, N. S., Sizykh, A. G., Tikhomirov, A. A., Nesterenko, T. V., Shikhov, V. N., Forti, Giorgio, Furia, Alberto, Finazzi, Giovanni, Barbagallo, Romina Paola, Agalarov, R., Gasanov, R., Iskenderova, S., Nobuhiro, G. O., Osamu, Miyashita, Ramrakhiani, M., Soni, R. K., Yoshida, Masasuke, Akutsu, Hideo, Yagi, Hiromasa, Tozawa, Kacko, Sekino, Nobuaki, Iwabuchi, Tomoyuki, Kaulen, A. D., Avetisyan, A. V., Feniouk, B. A., Skulachev, V. P., Breyton, Cécile, Kühlbrandt, Werner, Gräslund, Astrid, Assarsson, Maria, Libisch, B., Horváth, G., Gombos, Z., Budagovskaya, N. V., Kudryasheva, N., Fukunishi, Arima, Harada, Erisa, Fukuoka, Yuki, Ohmura, Tomoaki, Kawai, Gota, Watanabe, Kimitsuna, Žekš, Boštjan, Božič, Bojan, Derganc, Jure, Svetina, Saša, Hoh, J. F. Y., Li, Z. B., Rossmanith, G. H., Frederix, P. L. T. M., de Beer, E. L., Treijtel, B. W., Blangè, T., Galtet, F., Hénon, S., Isabey, D., Planus, E., Laurent, V., Rath, L. S., Raval, M. K., Dash, P. K., Ramakrishnan, C., Balaram, R., Basak, Kanika, Balaban, Alexandra T., Nandy, Ashesh, Grunwald, Gregory D., Vracko, Marjan, Randic, Milan, Basak, Subhash C., Amic, Dragan, Beslo, Drago, Trinajstic, Nenad, Nikolic, Sonja, Walahaw, J., Lensink, Marc F. J., Reddy, Boojala V. B., Shindylov, Ilya N., Bourne, Philip E., Grigera, J. R., de Xammar Oro, J., Donnamaria, M. C., Neagu, Monica, Neagu, Adrian, Janežič, Dušanka, Praprotnik, Matej, Nilsson, Lennart, Mark, Pekka, Fata, La L., Dardenne, Laurent E., Werneck, Araken S., Neto, Marçal de O., Kannan, N., Vishveshwara, S., Veluraja, K., Opitz, David, Balasubramanian, Krishnan, Gute, Brian D., Mills, Denise, Lungeanu, Diana, Mihalas, G. I., Macovievici, G., Gruia, Raluca, Dalcin, B., Cortez-Maghelly, C., Passos, E. P., Ljubisavljevic, M., Blesic, S., Milosevic, S., Stratimirovic, D. J., Bachhawat, Nandita, Mande, Shekhar C., Nandy, A., Nishigaki, Koichi, Saito, Ayumu, Naimuddin, Mohammed, Takaesu, Hirotomo, Ono, Mitsuo, Hirokawa, Takatsugu, Eissa, A. M., Ahmed, Abdalla S., El Gohary, M. I., Nakashima, Hiroshi, Raghava, G. P. S., Kurgalvuk, N., Goryn, O., Gerstman, Bernard S., Kratasyuk, V. A., Esimbekova, E. N., Gritsenko, E. V., Remmel, N. N., Maznyak, O. M., German, A., Tikhonov, A., Tchitchkan, D., Koulchitsky, S., Pashkevich, S., Pletnev, S., Kulchitsky, V., Pesotskaya, Y., Shapiro, Erik M., Borthakur, Arijitt, Dimitrov, Ivan, Leigh, John S., Rizi, Rahim, Reddy, Ravinder, Charagundla, Sridhar, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, Degaonkar, M., Khubchandani, M., Kumar, Mahesh, Jagannathan, N R., Raghunathan, P., Jayasundar, Rama, Coshic, O., Rath, O. K., Julka, P. K., Iliescu, Karina Roxana, Sajin, Maria, Petcu, Ileana, Moisoi, Nicolcta, Kuzmenko, A. I., Donchenko, G. V., Nikolenko, I. A., Morozova, R. P., Rahman, M. K., Ahmed, M. M., Watanabe, Takehiro, Uretzky, G., Ammar, R., Sharony, R., Rubin, Y., Gilboa, H., Mallick, H. N., Kumar, Mohan V., Begum, Gulnaz M., Degaonkar, Mahaveer N., Govindasamy, S., Kumosani, T. A., Lupusoru, C., Titescu, G., Haulica, I., Stefanescu, I., Iliescu, R., Nastasa, V., Bild, W., Khetawat, Gopal, Nealen, M., Faraday, N., Bray, P. F., Noga, S., Lycholat, E. A., Ananieva, T. V., Kosevich, M V., Stepanyan, S. G., Antonyuk, S. V., Khachatryan, A., Kumar, A., Arakelian, H., Khachatryan, R., Agadjanyan, S., Ayrapetyan, S., Mkheyan, V., Rajan, S. S., Kabaleeswaran, V., Gopalakrishnan, Geetha, Govindachari, T. R., Ramrakhiani, Meera, Cullen, David C., Lowe, Phillip, Badley, Andrew, Hermel, H., Möhwald, H., Schmahl, W., Singh, Anil K., Das, Joydip, Majumdar, Nirmalya, Dér, András, Oroszi, László, Kelemen, Loránd, Ormos, Pál, Hámori, András, Ramsden, Jeremy J., Mitra, Chanchal K., Savitri, D., Yanagida, Toshio, Esaki, Seiji, Sowa, Yosiyuki, Nishida, Tomoyuki, Kimura, Yuji, Radu, M., Laukhina, E. E., Kasumova, L. A., Koltover, V. K., Bubnov, V. P., Estrin, Ya. I., Dotta, Rajiv, Zahradník, Ivan, Marko, Milan, Novák, Pavel, Miyata, Hidetake, Hirata, Hiroaki, Sengupta, P., Maiti, S., Balaji, J., Banerjee, S., Barker, A. L., Winlove, C. P., OʼHare, D., Macpherson, J. V., Gonsalves, M., Unwin, P. R., Phillip, R., Kumar, Ravindra G., Murata, K., Nagayaka, K., Danev, R., Sugitani, S., Gősch, Michael, Thyberg, P., Földes-Papp, Z., Björk, G., Blom, H., Holm, J., Heino, T., Inagaki, Fuyuhiko, Yokochi, Masashi, Kusunoki, Masami, Matthews, E. K., Pines, J., Chukova, Yu. P., Koltover, Vitaly K., Kang, B. P. S., Bansal, Geetanjali, Bansal, M. P., Singh, U., Singh, Uma, Nakata, Kotoko, Nakano, Tastuya, Kaminuma, Tsuguchika, Kirn, Bonn, Potocnik, Neja, Stare, Vito, Shukla, Latal, Sastry, M. D., Natarajan, V., Devasagayam, T. P. A., Kesavan, P. C., Sayfutdinov, R., Degermendzhy, A. G., Adamovich, V. V., Rogozin, Yu. D., Khetrapal, C. L., Gowda, G. A. Nagana, Ghimire, Kedar Nath, Masaru, Ishida, Fujita, H., Ishiwata, S., Suzuki, M., Kawahara, S., Kirino, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Mori, H., Mishina, M., Ohshima, H., Dukhin, A. S., Goetz, P. J., Shilov, V. N., and Mishra, R. K.

Published
1999
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17. Frequency and temperature dependence of ferromagnetic linewidth in exchange biased Permalloy

Author

Lubitz, P., Rubinstein, M., Krebs, J.J., and Cheng, S.-F.

Subjects
Antiferromagnetism -- Research, Ferromagnetism -- Research, Physics
Abstract

Thin Permalloy films exchange biased by adjacent layers of NiO, CoO or IrMn have been investigated. It was found that the linewidth behaviours are consistent with the slow relaxation mechanism prompted by the thermal reversal of small antiferromagnetic grains, along with weaker intrinsic and inhomogeneity mechanisms.

Published
2001

19. The structure of indium phosphide (001) treated with trimethylantimony in a metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy reactor.

Author

Sun, Y., Cheng, S. F., Chen, G., Woo, R. L., and Hicks, R. F.

Abstract

Indium phosphide (001) surfaces were exposed to 0.61-mTorr trimethylantimony in a metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy reactor. The antimony surface composition increased rapidly with dosage and saturated at 22.0 at. % for temperatures between 450 and 600 °C. The results indicate that a thin layer of InSb formed on the surface, ~6.8 Å thick. Strain from the lattice mismatch caused faceting in the [110] direction, whereas the formation of Sb dimer bonds relieved the strain in the [-110] direction. As a result, narrow ridges formed that ranged from 4 to 10 nm wide and from 3.0 to 18.0 Å high, depending on the antimony coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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20. The effect of antimony in the growth of indium arsenide quantum dots in gallium arsenide (001).

Author

Sun, Y., Cheng, S. F., Chen, G., Hicks, R. F., Cederberg, J. G., and Biefeld, R. M.

Subjects
*ANTIMONY, *QUANTUM dots, *SCANNING tunneling microscopy, *ELECTRON spectroscopy, *QUANTUM electronics, *X-rays
Abstract

The effect of an initial saturation coverage of antimony on the growth of indium arsenide quantum dots on gallium arsenide has been studied during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. After depositing one to two bilayers of InAs at 723 K, the samples were quenched, transferred to ultrahigh vacuum, and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been found that the critical thickness for onset of quantum dot formation is 33% less with Sb present as compared to without Sb. The antimony incorporates into the quantum dots, increasing their density and total volume, and causing them to be more densely clustered together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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21. Grain size dependence of magnetic properties in shock synthesized bulk Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposites.

Author

Jin, Z.Q., Thadhani, N. N., McGill, M., Li, J., Ding, Y., Wang, Z. L, Zeng, H., Chen, M., Cheng, S. F., and Liu, J. P.

Subjects
PRASEODYMIUM, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, ANISOTROPY, ELECTRON microscopy, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
Abstract

The structural and magnetic properties of the melt-spun Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite powders consolidated via shock-wave compression and subjected to postshock thermal treatment were investigated. Shock compression results in grain refinement, which leads to a reduction of an effective anisotropy and therefore an increase in the ferromagnetic exchange length, resulting in an enhanced exchange coupling in fully consolidated bulk magnets. A small amount of amorphous phase formed during the shock compression were observed to crystallize into Pr2Fe14B upon annealing above 600 °C. The heat treatment also results in the recovery of coercivity partially lost during the consolidation, which can be related directly to the dependence of the effective anisotropy on the grain size, as illustrated by the transmission electron microscopy observation of grain refinement in the shock-consolidated bulk samples. A uniform grain morphology is suggested as a means for further increasing the magnetic properties of bulk nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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22. Determination of crystallite size in a magnetic nanocomposite using extended x-ray absorption fine structure.

Author

Calvin, S., Miller, M. M., Goswami, R., Cheng, S.-F., Mulvaney, S. P., Whitman, L. J., and Harris, V. G.

Subjects
MAGNETIC materials, EXTENDED X-ray absorption fine structure, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, PHYSICS
Abstract

An extended x-ray absorption fine structure was collected for a soft magnetic material comprising very fine nanoscale crystallites of nickel within coarser iron matrix grains. Using a simple spherical model and the spectra of bulk standards, the nickel crystallite size was estimated. Comparison with transmission electron microscopy images confirms that this technique yields a size weighted toward smaller crystallites, whereas Scherrer analysis yields sizes weighted toward larger crystallites. The iron crystallite size was also estimated by this technique in order to ascertain the effect of a nonspherical morphology. This technique shows promise for in situ analyses of materials containing nanoscale crystallites and as a complement to Scherrer analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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23. The role of autophagy during murine primordial follicle assembly

Author

Sun, Y-C, Wang, Y-Y, Sun, X-F, Cheng, S-F, Li, L., Zhao, Y., Shen, W., Chen, H., Sun, Y-C, Wang, Y-Y, Sun, X-F, Cheng, S-F, Li, L., Zhao, Y., Shen, W., and Chen, H.

Abstract

It is generally accepted that significant germ cell loss occurs during the establishment of the primordial follicle pool in most mammalian ovaries around the time of birth. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these processes remain largely unknown. In this investigation, we explored the role of autophagy during the establishment of the primordial follicle pool and found that autophagy was active in this process. Our data suggested that 17.5 dpc ovaries treated with rapamycin displayed a delay in germ cell cyst breakdown resulting in more oocytes at day 5 of treatment, while, ovaries that treated with 3-MA showed the opposite effect. We found that rapamycin treatment promoted autophagy and depressed cell apoptosis increasing the number of NOBOX positive oocytes. Furthermore, our results also revealed that epigenetic regulator, Sirt1, plays a role in germ cell loss. An epigenetic inhibitor or RNAi treatment of Sirt1, showed an increased level of H4K16ac and a decreased level of autophagy. Thus, these data indicate that autophagy prevents germ cell over loss during the establishment of primordial follicle pool, and this process may be influenced by Sirt1-invovled epigenetic regulation.

Published
2018

26. Perpendicular transport and magnetic properties in patterned multilayer magnetic microstructures (invited).

Author

Krebs, J. J., Vavra, W., Prinz, G. A., Cheng, S. F., and Fink, Anita

Subjects
MICROSTRUCTURE, MAGNETORESISTANCE, PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

Presents a study that focused on technological applications and the physical basis of the giant magnetoresistance effect. Set of patterned multilayer samples prepared for the study using micron-level photolithography; Magnetic properties of the multilayers using vibrating sample magnetometry; Effect of two types of magnetic layers on the magnetoresistance; Lateral size-dependent effects.

Published
1996
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27. Cutaneous applied nano-ZnO reduce the ability of hair follicle stem cells to differentiate

Author

Ge, W., Zhao, Y., Lai, F-N, Liu, J-C, Sun, Y-C, Wang, J-J, Cheng, S-F, Zhang, X-F, Sun, L-L, Li, L., Dyce, P.W., Shen, W., Ge, W., Zhao, Y., Lai, F-N, Liu, J-C, Sun, Y-C, Wang, J-J, Cheng, S-F, Zhang, X-F, Sun, L-L, Li, L., Dyce, P.W., and Shen, W.

Abstract

The ability of metal oxide nanoparticles to penetrate the skin has aroused a great deal of interest during the past decade due to concerns over the safety of topically applied sunscreens that contain physical UV-resistant metal particles, such as nano-Zinc oxide (nZnO). Previous studies demonstrate that metal oxide nanoparticles accumulate in skin furrows and hair follicles following topical application while little is known about the consequence of these nanoparticles on skin homeostasis. The current investigation tested the effects of nZnO (0.5 mg/day mouse) on hair follicle physiology. Topical application of Vaseline containing nZnO, bulk ZnO (bZnO), or ionized Zn to newborn mice vibrissa pad over a period of 7 consecutive days revealed that nZnO accumulated within hair follicles, and this induced the apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In vitro studies also indicated that nZnO exposure caused obvious DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HFSCs. Furthermore, it was found that nZnO exposure perturbed genes associated with HFSC apoptosis, cell communication, and differentiation. HFSCs transplantation assay demonstrated that the potential of HFSCs to differentiate was reduced. This investigation indicates a potential risk of topically applied ZnO nanoparticles on skin homeostasis.

Published
2017

28. Growth and Magnetic Properties of Single Crystal [Co.sub.2]MnX (X = Si, Ge) Heusler Alloys

Author

Cheng, S. F., Nadgorny, B., Bussmann, K., Carpenter, E. E., Das, B. N., Trotter, G., Raphael, M. P., and Harris, V. G.

Subjects
Magnetism -- Research, Crystals -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Half-metallic (HM) ferromagnetic materials have recently drawn intense interests due to their potential use in magnetoelectronic devices. Co-based Heusler alloys of the type [Co.sub.2]MnX (X = Si, Ge), predicted to be HM by first principles band structure calculations, are of particular interest since they alone possess Curie temperatures in excess of 900 K. Since the spin polarization (P) is believed to be sensitive to antisite defects that are likely to occur in vapor-quenched thin film synthesis, single crystals of [Co.sub.2]MnX (X = Si, Ge) were prepared using the tri-arc Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction, including Laue backscattering, was employed to determine the high crystalline quality of these crystals. SQUID magnetometry measured a magnetic moment per formular unit that is close to the calculated value indicating that these alloys may in fact be HM. However, point contact Andreev reflection, a technique that has reliably measured high P in Cr[O.sub.2], measures P values for these crystals of 50-60%, well below their theoretical values. The reduced spin polarization may be due to the effects of crystal symmetry breaking at the surface or the presence of antisite defects, or that these materials are not truly half-metallic. Index Terms--[Co.sub.2]MnGe, [Co.sub.2]MnSi, Heusler alloy, spin polarization.

Published
2001

29. Regulation of primordial follicle recruitment by cross-talk between the Notch and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)/AKT pathways

Author

Wang, L-Q, Liu, J-C, Chen, C-L, Cheng, S-F, Sun, X-F, Zhao, Y., Yin, S., Hou, Z-M, Pan, B., Ding, C., Shen, W., Zhang, X-F, Wang, L-Q, Liu, J-C, Chen, C-L, Cheng, S-F, Sun, X-F, Zhao, Y., Yin, S., Hou, Z-M, Pan, B., Ding, C., Shen, W., and Zhang, X-F

Abstract

The growth of oocytes and the development of follicles require certain pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and the Notch signalling pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between Notch and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways and their effects on primordial follicle recruitment. When the Notch pathway was inhibited by L-685,458 or N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester (DAPT) in vitro, the expression of genes in the pathway and the percentage of oocytes in growing follicles decreased significantly in mouse ovaries. By 2 days postpartum, ovaries exposed to DAPT, short interference (si) RNA against Notch1 or siRNA against Hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) had significantly decreased expression of HES1, the target protein of the Notch signalling pathway. In contrast, expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten), a negative regulator of the AKT signalling pathway, was increased significantly. Co immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) revealed an interaction between HES1 and PTEN. In addition, inhibition of the Notch signalling pathway suppressed AKT phosphorylation and the proliferation of granulosa cells. In conclusion, the recruitment of primordial follicles was affected by the proliferation of granulosa cells and regulation of the interaction between the Notch and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways.

Published
2016

31. Bulk nanocomposite magnets produced by dynamic shock compaction.

Author

Chen, K.H., Jin, Z.Q., Li, J., Kennedy, G., Wang, Z.L., Thadhani, N.N., Zeng, H., Cheng, S.-F., and Liu, J.P.

Subjects
MAGNETS, COMPACTING, X-ray diffraction, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, HYSTERESIS loop, PHYSICS
Abstract

Exchange-coupled R2Fe14B/α-Fe (R=Nd or Pr) nanocomposite bulk magnets with nearly full density have been successfully produced by shock compaction of melt-spun powders. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy analyses of the shock-consolidated compacts showed no grain growth upon compaction, in fact, a decrease in the crystallite size of both the hard and soft phases was observed. As a consequence, magnetic properties were retained and even improved after compaction. Hysteresis loops of the shock-consolidated powder compacts showed a smooth single-phaselike behavior, indicating effective exchange coupling between hard and soft magnetic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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32. Growth and magnetic properties of single crystal Fe[sub 1-x]Co[sub x]S[sub 2] (x=0.35–1).

Author

Cheng, S. F., Woods, G. T., Bussmann, K., Mazin, I. I., Soulen, R. J., Carpenter, E. E., Das, B. N., and Lubitz, P.

Subjects
*CONSTITUTION of matter, *CRYSTALS, *ELECTRON microscopy, *THERMOMAGNETISM
Abstract

The pyrite Fe[SUB1-x]Co[SUBX]S[SUB2] (0.25≤x≤0.9) was predicted to be half metal, insensitive to Fe-Co disorder. To verify its half metallicity, we have grown single crystals of Fe[SUB1-x]Co[SUBx]S[SUB2] (x)=0.35, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1). Crystals of up to a few mm in size by temperature gradient (923-873 K) solution growth from Te melts, which showed high crystalline quality by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. A half-metallic magnetization of 1±0.03μ[SUBB] per Co atom was found for x=0.35-0.9. Point contact Andreev reflection measurements, however, showed spin polarization of 47%-61% with the maximum around x=0.5, well below predictions. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements give g∼2.08 with large intrinsic damping, which indicates a reduced half-metallicity. Inductively coupled plasma and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results confirm a sulfur deficiency of &sim1.5%-10% [Fe,Co)S[SUB2-y],0.03≤y≤0.2] and small amounts of Te. Electronic structure calculations show the extra electron provided by Co substitution to FeS[SUB2] populates a sulfur-derived conduction band. Consequently, S deficiency and/or S site disorder are expected to affect the transport properties. This is consistent with the low polarization measurements and again indicates the importance of crystalline order in obtaining highly spin-polarized materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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33. Microwave, structural, and magnetic properties of Cu/Fe/CoFe/Cu.

Author

Lubitz, P., Cheng, S. F., Rachford, F. J., Miller, M. M., and Harris, V. G.

Subjects
*METALLIC films, *IRON, *VALVES, *QUANTUM tunneling
Abstract

The structure and the static and dynamic magnetic properties of pure Fe films with a surface overlayer of Co[sub 9]Fe[sub 1] were studied. These structures are potential components of spin-valve or tunneling devices in which small magnetic damping, large moment, low anisotropy and high spin polarization may be advantageous. The films are polycrystalline and have Cu under and over layers. The Fe layers studied are from 3 to 20 nm thick and the CoFe layer was usually 1 nm. With a CoFe overlayer we found a range of Fe thicknesses from below 4 to near 6 nm in which low coercivity and narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth resulted. Both below and above this range the properties degraded, apparently because the 2 nm Cu top layer was inadequate to protect the Fe against oxidation. Using extended x-ray absorption fine structure, we found only bcc Fe; atomic force microscopy shows a systematic decrease in roughness with increasing thickness of Fe, which may explain the magnetic hardness for the thinnest films. Fe (5 nm)/CoFe (1 nm), with a Gilbert α∼0.004, has FMR linewidths about 2/3 those of Permalloy films of comparable thickness. For some applications investigated, distinct advantages can be obtained using the high Q of the ferromagnetic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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34. Structural and magnetic studies of exchange bias films of Ir(20)Mn(80).

Author

Cheng, S.-F. and Lubitz, P.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC properties of thin films, *SPUTTERING (Physics), *MAGNETIC properties of metallic films
Abstract

Thin films of IrMn were made by magnetron sputtering, using nominally 20 at. % Ir, and their structural and magnetic properties were evaluated for use as an exchange bias material. The magnetic properties of different combinations of Py and CoFe underlayers were determined by magnetometry and by using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range 4–350 K; x-ray analyses and atomic force microscopy were used to assess the structures. The IrMn films have the AuCu[sub 3] structure with strong <111> texture. The internal interfaces of the multilayer structures are very smooth. They induce relatively strong exchange bias in Py and CoFe overlayers but can have negligible coercivity. The bias field is strongly dependent on the direction of the moment during cooling, even well below 300 K, and coercivity and FMR linewidth increase with cooling. Isotropic shifts of FMR are small at 300 K but increase rapidly below 150 K. Our data suggest that spin-flop models for exchange bias may not apply to IrMn, and that small spin structures dominate low temperature behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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35. IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS ON CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AMINO ACID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SUDANESE SOYBEAN GENOTYPE.

Author

Ahmed, W. M., Mariod, A. A., Yagoub, S. O., and Cheng, S. F.

Subjects
FERTILIZERS, ANALYTICAL chemistry, AMINO acids, FATTY acids, SOYBEAN
Abstract

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018

36. Factors affecting performance of NiO biased giant magnetoresistance structures.

Author

Cheng, S. F., Teter, J. P., Lubitz, P., Miller, M. M., Hoines, L., Krebs, J. J., Schaefer, D. M., and Prinz, G. A.

Subjects
*NICKEL, *THIN films, *MAGNETORESISTANCE
Abstract

Deals with a study which examined the factors affecting performance of nickel oxide biased giant magnetoresistance structures. Information on nickel oxide films made by postdeposition oxidation of metal films; Methodology of the study; Results and discussion.

Published
1996
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37. Stress effect on the magnetization of Dy in the Dy/DyFe2 eutectic.

Author

Teter, J. P., Cheng, S. F., and Cullen, J. R.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC properties of metals, *MAGNETIZATION, *EUTECTICS
Abstract

Presents a study which examined the stress effect on the magnetization of Dy in the Dy/DyFe[sub2] eutectic. Background on dy metal; Details on the magnetization measurements; Remanent moments of polycrystals as a fraction of saturation moment.

Published
1994
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38. Amorphization of TbFe3 by nitrogen absorption.

Author

Cheng, S. F., Segnan, R., Cullen, J. R., Clark, A. E., and Huang, M. Q.

Subjects
*INTERMETALLIC compounds, *TERBIUM, *IRON, *HEAT treatment of metals, *NITROGEN
Abstract

Focuses on a study which investigated the nitrogenation process of the terbium ferride intermetallic compound by heat treating the alloy in a nitrogen atmosphere. Information on nitrides of intermetallic compounds; Discussion on heat treatment temperature; Methodology of the study; Results and discussion.

Published
1993
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39. Phase analysis and magnetic properties of RTiFe11-xCox (R=Y,Gd) (x=0–11).

Author

Cheng, S. F., Sinha, V. K., Ma, B. M., Sankar, S. G., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
*MICROSTRUCTURE, *MAGNETICS, *YTTRIUM, *TITANIUM, *IRON
Abstract

Presents a study which examined the microstructure and magnetic properties of yttrium titanium iron[sub11-x]cobalt[subx] and gadolinium titanium iron[sub11-x]cobalt[subx] systems. Experimental details; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Published
1991
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40. Magnetization, Young’s moduli, and magnetostriction of rare-earth–iron eutectic alloys with R=Tb0.6Dy0.4.

Author

Clark, A. E., Wun-Fogle, M., Teter, J. P., Restorff, J. B., and Cheng, S. F.

Subjects
MAGNETIZATION, RARE earth metals, MAGNETOSTRICTION, EUTECTIC alloys
Abstract

Presents a study which investigated the magnetization, Young's module and magnetostriction of rare-earth-iron eutectic alloys with R=Tb[sub0.6]Dy[sub0.4]. Methodology; Results of the study.

Published
1994
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41. Multidomain and incomplete alignment effects in giant magnetoresistance trilayers.

Author

Idzerda, Y. U., Chen, C.-T., Cheng, S. F., Vavra, W., Prinz, G. A., Meigs, G., Lin, H.-J., and Ho, G. H.

Subjects
MAGNETORESISTANCE, MAGNETIC fields, ISING model
Abstract

Deals with a study which examined the multidomain and incomplete alignment effects in giant magnetoresistance trilayers. Background to the study; Discussion on the single domain xy model; Comparison from the multidomain Ising model.

Published
1994
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42. Al-substitution effects on the magnetic properties of RCo5 (R=Y, Pr, Nd, and Sm).

Author

Konno, K., Ido, H., Cheng, S. F., Sankar, S. G., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
RARE earth metal compounds, ALUMINUM, MAGNETICS, RARE earth metal alloys
Abstract

Presents a study which examined the effects of aluminum substitution on the magnetic properties of R cobalt[sub5], where R= ytrrium, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium. Impact of aluminum substitution on cobalt sublattice moments; Methods; Results.

Published
1993
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43. Magnetic properties of the Y1-xGdxCo3B2 system.

Author

Ido, H., Yamauchi, H., Cheng, S. F., Sankar, S. G., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
MAGNETISM, YTTRIUM, GADOLINIUM
Abstract

Presents a study that examined the magnetic properties of yttrium-gadolinium-cobalt-boron. Temperature range by which the compounds have been examined; Structure type of the compounds; Factor that leads to the decrease of the Curie temperature.

Published
1991
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44. Magnetic properties of RCo4M (R=Y, Nd and Ho; M=B, Al and Ga).

Author

Ido, H., Konno, K., Ito, T., Cheng, S. F., Sankar, S. G., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
RARE earth metal compounds, MAGNETICS
Abstract

Presents a study that compared the magnetic properties of several rare earth compounds. Examination of the crystal structure of the compounds; Analysis of the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization; Differences in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the rare earth-sublattice of the compounds.

Published
1991
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45. Magnetic and structural characteristics of the Pr2(Co,Fe)7B3 system.

Author

Huang, M. Q., Ma, B. M., Cheng, S. F., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
MAGNETICS, PRASEODYMIUM, COBALT, IRON, BORON
Abstract

Presents a study which investigated the structural and magnetic properties of praseodymium[sub2]cobalt[sub7-x]iron[subx]boron[sub3]. Experimental details; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Published
1991
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46. Magnetic and crystallographic properties of NdCo4M (M=B, Al, and Ga).

Author

Ido, H., Wallace, W. E., Suzuki, T., Cheng, S. F., Sinha, V. K., and Sankar, S. G.

Subjects
NEODYMIUM, COBALT, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, MAGNETIC properties
Abstract

Presents a study that investigated the magnetic and crystallographic properties for neodymium cobalt[sub4] boron, aluminum and gallium. Specimens and x-ray analysis; Experimental results and discussion.

Published
1990
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48. Magnetic properties of LaCo13-based systems.

Author

Ido, H., Sohn, J. C., Pourarian, F., Cheng, S. F., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
MAGNETISM, COBALT, LANTHANUM
Abstract

Presents information on a study which analyzed the basic magnetic features for LaCo[sub13]-based systems in which cobalt has been replaced by iron (Fe), aluminum (Al) or Fe and Al and also systems in which lanthanum has been partially replaced by neodymium. Preparation of specimens by an induction melting under a highly pure argon atmosphere; Composition dependence of the magnetic moments of La(Co[sub1-x]Al[subx])[sub13] compounds; Illustration of the qualitative band scheme.

Published
1990
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49. Magnetic properties of R-Fe-B and R-Fe-Co-Al-B magnets (R=Pr and Nd).

Author

Jiang, S. Y., Chen, H. Y., Cheng, S. F., Boltich, E. B., Sankar, S. G., Laughlin, D. E., and Wallace, W. E.

Subjects
MAGNETS, COBALT, ALUMINUM, IRON
Abstract

Presents a study which examined the effect of cobalt and aluminum substitutions for iron in PrFeB sintered magnets and heat treatment on their properties. Materials and methods used; Comparison of the optimum magnetic properties of R-Fe-B and R-Fe-Co-Al-B magnets; Description of the demagnetization curves for Pr[sub15]Fe[sub62.5]Co[sub16]Al[sub1]B[sub5.5] magnets; Effect of post-sintering heat-treatment quench temperature in Pr-Fe-Co-Al-B magnets.

Published
1988
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50. Reconstitution of Gametogenesis In Vitro: Meiosis Is the Biggest Obstacle

Author

Sun, Y-C, Cheng, S-F, Sun, R., Zhao, Y., Shen, W., Sun, Y-C, Cheng, S-F, Sun, R., Zhao, Y., and Shen, W.

Abstract

Germ-line cells are responsible for transmitting genetic and epigenetic information across generations, and ensuring the creation of new individuals from one generation to the next. Gametogenesis process requires several rigorous steps, including primordial germ cell (PGC) specification, proliferation, migration to the gonadal ridges and differentiation into mature gametes such as sperms and oocytes. But this process is not clearly explored because a small number of PGCs are deeply embedded in the developing embryo. In the attempt to establish an in vitro model for understanding gametogenesis process well, several groups have made considerable progress in differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) into germ-like cells over the past ten years. These stem cell-derived germ cells appear to be capable of undergoing meiosis and generating both male and female gametes. But most of gametes turn out to be not fully functional due to their abnormal meiosis process compared to endogenous germ cells. Therefore, a robust system of differentiating stem cells into germ cells would enable us to investigate the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors associated with germ cell development. Here, we review the stem cell-derived germ cell development, and discuss the potential and challenges in the differentiation of functional germ cells from stem cells.

Published
2014

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