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Purposes Accurate acquisition of vehicle driving state parameters and road adhesion coefficient is very important to maintain the safety and stability of distributed drive electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to get an algorithm that can accurately estimate the parameters, which can not only reduce the cost of mass production vehicles, but also achieve the purpose of vehicle safety and stability. Methods In this paper, a joint estimation algorithm is investigated. First, a 3-degree-of-freedom vehicle model is established, and a parameter estimator is built by applying the volumetric Kalman filtering algorithm based on the singular value decomposition method. Then, the Carsim/Simulink simulation experiment platform is built, and high and low attachments and buttressing road double shift line conditions are used for simulation verification. Findings The simulation experiment results show that the estimator can estimate the real values of parameters more accurately. On the basis of the good estimation effect of the simulation, a real vehicle experimental platform is built, and further verification is carried out to conclude that the real-vehicle experimental results are consistent with the trend of the simulation results, and the algorithm has good estimation accuracy and timeliness.

Syndiotactic polystyrene is a high strength engineering plastic, and polyisobutylene is an excellent elastomers. In order to combine the advantages of syndiotactic polystyrene and polyisobutylene, isobutylene was achieved to graft onto the crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene, forming graft copolymers, under half sandwich scandium complex [([C.sub.5][Me.sub.4]Si[Me.sub.3])Sc[(C[H.sub.2]Si[Me.sub.3]).sub.2]THF]/[[Ph.sub.3]C] [B[([C.sub.6][F.sub.5]).sub.4]] after the application of syndiotactic copolymers of styrene and 4-isopropenylstyrene with pendant double bonds. Grafted copolymers based on crystalline polystyrene and rubbery polyisobutylene block have both high [T.sub.m] (270[degrees]C) and low [T.sub.g] (-67[degrees]C), meanwhile, these materials have relative good mechanical properties. KEYWORDS cationic polymerization, isobutylene, rare-earth organometallic complex, syndiotactic polystyrene, Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) is high performance material because of its high melting point (ca. 270[degrees]C), high crystallinity, and good chemical and heat resistance. [1-3] However, sPS have limited functional groups [...]

WO3 and silicone rubber (SR)-based gasochromic composites were fabricated to detect hydrogen leaks at room temperature. WO3 rod-like nanostructures were uniformly distributed in the SR matrix, with a particle size of 60–100 nm. The hydrogen permeability of these composites reached 1.77 cm3·cm/cm2·s·cmHg. At a 10% hydrogen concentration, the visible light reflectance of the composite decreased 49% during about 40 s, with a color change rate of 6.4% s−1. Moreover, the composite detected hydrogen concentrations as low as 0.1%. And a color scale was obtained for easily assessing hydrogen concentrations in the environment based on the color of composites. Finally, the composite materials as disposable sensors underwent testing at several Sinopec hydrogen refueling stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is a serious public nutritional health problem that has attracted extensive worldwide attention. Shellfish allergy is a long‐lasting disorder that has a lifelong impact on health. Sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein (SCP) plays a vital role in cell and muscle functions and has been identified as an allergen in oyster. RESULTS: In this study, recombinant SCP (rSCP) with a molecular mass of 21 kDa was produced and identified based on SCP amino acid sequencing of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and was used as a follow‐up experimental material. Its physicochemical characterization showed that purified rSCP is highly stable to heat and acid‐alkali and trypsin digestion but less resistant to pepsin digestion. We established an animal sensitization model and rSCP displayed stronger Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐binding activity with rat serum in the rSCP + cholera toxin (CT) group compared with the CT group and a control group. Five epitope peptides were identified as linear immunodominant epitopes by indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for the first time. We also found that conformational epitopes may play a major role in the immunoreactivity of SCP. CONCLUSION: These results are significant for understanding hypersensitization of humans to oyster and offer available preventive measures and treatment programs in further research. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Molluscan shellfish, including oysters, often cause allergic reactions in sensitive people throughout the world. It has been demonstrated that arginine kinase (AK) is one of the major allergens of oyster. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity and structure of oyster AK as affected by heat treatment, pH change, and in vitro digestion. What is more, the immunoglobulin E‐binding epitopes of this allergen were also predicted and validated. RESULTS: Thermal and pH assays revealed that AK was unstable at temperature >40 °C or pH ≤5.0 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism, and the digestibility assays suggested that AK was more easily digested by pepsin than by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The potential epitopes were predicted through immunoinformatics tools, and seven linear epitopes were identified by indirect competition enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with pooled sera and individual serum from oyster‐allergic patients. The critical amino acids in each epitope were also confirmed using mutant peptides. These linear epitopes and critical amino acids were apt to distribute on the outer surface of homology‐based AK model. Moreover, the three denaturants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, β‐mercaptoethanol, and urea) can destroy the spatial structure of AK and increase or reduce its allergenicity by denaturation treatments. CONCLUSION: Processing conditions lay the foundation for the variation of allergenicity. Seven linear epitopes and their critical amino acids were identified by indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. These findings will be helpful in allergy diagnosis and development of hypoallergenic products in the near future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self‐healing coating containing an electrospun nanofibre encapsulating 3,4,5‐trihydroxy benzoic acid cyclohexyl ester (GACE) was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the nanofibre had a core–shell structure. The shell thickness of the electrospun fibre was approximately 270 nm, while the core thickness was approximately 380 nm. The self‐healing process of the coating containing GACE nanofibres over a carbon steel surface was simulated in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the synthesised GACE reacted with iron ions and formed a stable Fe–O–C compound, which could repair the scratched coating. The self‐repair performance was evaluated through electrochemical measurements, and then a healing model was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]