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Background: Ischemic stroke, accounting for 85% of stroke cases, leads to severe disabilities and increased mortality. Its global incidence rose by 87.55% from 1990 to 2019, posing significant health and economic burdens. The BRICS-plus nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and five others—represent a large global population, presenting unique public health challenges. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of ischemic stroke across BRICS-plus nations in a timely manner. Methods: Data on the number, all-age rate, age-standardized rate, and relative change in ischemic stroke disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1992 to 2021 within BRICS-plus were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Relationships between the DALYs rate and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were evaluated using Pearson correlation analyses. Additionally, age-period-cohort modeling was employed to estimate net drift, local drift, age, period, and cohort effects over the past three decades. Results: From 1992 to 2021, total DALYs due to ischemic stroke increased by 47.14%, while the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased by 33.79%. All BRICS-plus countries exhibited a declining trend in the age-standardized DALYs rate over the past three decades. Egypt reported the highest age-standardized DALYs rate (2,462.60 per 100,000 population) in 2021, whereas the most substantial reduction of 59.37% was observed in Brazil. The annual net drift in the ischemic stroke DALYs rate ranged from -3.04% for Brazil to -0.48% for Egypt among the ten countries. A significant positive correlation was observed between the DALYs rate of ischemic stroke and SDI values. Countries exhibited similar age effect patterns, with an increasing risk of DALYs rate with advancing age. Period and cohort effects highlighted declines in observed nations, indicating improved ischemic stroke management strategies. Conclusion: The burden of ischemic stroke showed an overall declining trend across the BRICS-plus from 1992 to 2021, but persistent health inequalities between these countries were driven by socioeconomic disparities. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions across age, period, and cohort dimensions to address the distinct challenges posed by ischemic stroke in these rapidly developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possesses excellent potential for applications in the field of optoelectronic detection. However, the atomic-level thickness of the monolayer MoS2 leads to weak light absorption and a restricted absorption spectrum. The performance of monolayer MoS2 devices has reached a bottleneck. Fortunately, the above issues can be effectively solved by coupling with various types of photosensitivity nanostructures. In this work, we integrated MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) with high efficient light absorption with monolayer MoS2 to fabricate 0D/2D MoS2 QDs/MoS2 hybrid dimensional homojunction photodetectors. In this structure, MoS2 is used as an efficient carrier transport channel, while MoS2 QDs act as effective light absorbers to enhance the local electric field around MoS2. The synergistic effect of MoS2 QDs and MoS2 is utilized to accelerate the migration rate of photogenerated carriers in the structure, and in particular, the highest responsivity of the MoS2 QDs/MoS2 hybrid device is 27.6 A W−1 with the detectivity as high as 2.13 × 1011 Jones under 532 nm laser, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of the pristine MoS2 devices. The synergistic effect of MoS2 QDs with monolayer MoS2 is verified by finite-difference time-domain simulation. The results will pave the way for the future development of high-performance MoS2-based photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the growth of improved perovskite thin films with high crystallinity and low defects has been an important research subject owing to their critical roles in achieving efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. In this work, we introduced a self-sacrifice PbI2 seed layer to prepare improved CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with high crystallinity and reduced defects. It showed that the PbI2 seed layer at the buried interface acted as nuclei and modulated the crystal growth of CH3NH3PbI3, which induced the vertically upward growth of CH3NH3PbI3, resulting in increased sizes of grains and reduced grain boundaries. Further observations verified the suppression of defect and trap states in the obtained CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. On this basis, efficient and stable transportation layer-free Au/CH3NH3PbI3/indium tin oxide photodetectors have been demonstrated, where the responsivity and detectivity are as high as 0.54 A/W and 7.5 × 1012 Jones, respectively, at the bias of 0 V. It is supposed that the self-sacrifice PbI2 seed layer-assisted crystal growth method will find applications in fabricating high-quality and stable perovskite thin film devices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites are considered important materials for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, the poor quality of thin films with abundant grain boundaries and defect states greatly lower the performance and stability of as‐fabricated devices. In the present work, the growth of improved perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films through Co‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) additive assisted Co ion doping is reported. Investigation of the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical properties shows that the Co ion doped CH3NH3PbI3 (CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3) thin films exhibit low grain boundaries, low defect states, and improved structural stabilities. The positive roles of suppression of defect states are further demonstrated by improved performance and stability of photodetectors based on CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3 thin films. Finally, density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the mechanisms of passivation of undercoordinate Pb2+ vacancy defect states by Co ion doping. The results provided in this work will pave the way toward the fabrication of high performance and stable perovskite photodetectors in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites have been regarded as promising materials for fabrication of high-performance photodetectors (PDs). However, spin-coated perovskite thin films generally have suffered from high-density grain boundaries and defect states, which severely deteriorated the performance and stability of resulting PDs. Fortunately, the above issues can be effectively solved via additive assisted metal ions doping. In this work, Co-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) additive assisted Co ion doping has been proposed to prepare high-quality perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) thin films. Morphological, structural, optical, and electrical studies have shown that Co ion doping decreased grain boundaries as well as suppressed defect states, which greatly enhanced the performance and stability of MAPbI3/Si heterojunction PDs, including reducing dark current, increasing photocurrent, and increasing response speed. Finally, the mechanisms of suppression of defect states benefiting from Co ion doping were discussed based on density functional theory calculations. The results provided in this work will pave the way for development of high-performance and stable MAPbI3 PDs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor heterojunctions consisting of lead halide perovskite (LHP) and silicon materials are important candidates for the fabrication of self‐powered visible‐light photodetectors. However, the interface recombination caused by interface trap states greatly deteriorates the performance of self‐powered photodetection, but fortunately, it can be suppressed by interfacial engineering. In this work, self‐powered narrowband visible‐light photodetection is demonstrated in the LHP CH3NH3PbBr3/p‐Si heterojunctions. Notably, the self‐powered photodetection performance is greatly enhanced by introducing an atomic‐layer‐deposition‐grown amorphous Al2O3 thin interlayer. Electrical and optical properties measurements suggest that the Al2O3 thin interlayer effectively passivates (reduces) the heterojunction interface trap states. On this basis, the CH3NH3PbBr3/Al2O3/p‐Si heterojunctions exhibit a decreased dark current and increased photocurrent simultaneously compared to CH3NH3PbBr3/p‐Si heterojunctions. Finally, a responsivity as high as 0.39 A W−1 and detectivity as high as 8.45 × 1012 Jones under the bias voltage of 0 V are obtained, which are higher than most reported state‐of‐the‐art devices. The results reported in this work will provide valuable pathways for the fabrication of high‐performance self‐powered narrowband photodetectors based on LHP/Si heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study addresses the essential need for updated information on the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) in China for informed healthcare planning. We aim to estimate the temporal trends and the attributable burdens of selected risk factors of LOC in China (1990-2021), and to predict the possible trends (2022-2031)., Subject and Methods: Analysis was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, encompassing six key metrics: incidence, mortality, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs). Absolute number and age-standardized rates, alongside 95% uncertainty intervals, were computed. Forecasting of disease burden from 2022 to 2031 was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model., Results: Over the observed period (1990-2021), there were notable increases in the number of deaths (142.2%), incidence (283.7%), prevalence (438.0%), DALYs (109.2%), YLDs (341.2%), and YLLs (105.1%). Age-standardized rates demonstrated notable changes, showing decreases and increases of -5.8, 57.3, 143.7, -8.9%, 85.8%, and - 10.7% in the respective metrics. The substantial majority of LOC burden was observed among individuals aged 40-79 years, and LOC may exhibit a higher burden among males in China. From 2022 to 2031, the age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of LOC showed upward trends; while mortality, DALYs, and YLLs showed downward trends, and their estimated values were predicted to change to 2.72, 10.47, 1.11, 1.10, 28.52, and 27.43 per 100,000 in 2031, respectively. Notably, tobacco and high alcohol use emerged as predominant risk factors contributing to the burden of LOC., Conclusion: Between 1990 and 2021, the disability burden from LOC in China increased, while the death burden decreased, and projections suggest these trends will persist over the next decade. A significant portion of this disease burden to modifiable risk factors, specifically tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, predominantly affecting males and individuals aged 40-79 years. Attention to these areas is essential for implementing targeted interventions and reducing the impact of LOC in China., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yu, Ma, Xiao, Chen, Wu, He and Cheng.)