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Van Allen Probe observations indicate that whistler‐mode hiss waves below 1 kHz are absorbed at low altitudes near magnetic equator. The lowest cutoff frequency of equatorial hiss is close to the gyrofrequency of hydrogen ions. The lowest cutoff altitude of global hiss is extracted when its occurrence rate is equal to 0.005 on the plane of altitude (L in RE) and magnetic local time (MLT). By fitting the lowest cutoff altitude of global hiss, we constructed the empirical model of the lowest cutoff altitude of equatorial hiss under geomagnetically quiet (AE < 200 nT) and active (AE ≥ 200 nT) conditions. The enhanced substorm activities reduce the lowest cutoff altitude of hiss waves on the dawnside (MLT ∼ 1–5 hr), whereas the lowest cutoff altitude of the dayside hiss is nearly fixed at ∼1.1 RE (MLT ∼ 6–20 hr). From the dayside to the nightside (MLT ∼ 0–6 hr and 20–24 hr), the lowest cutoff altitude of equatorial hiss raises gradually from 1.1 RE to 1.4 RE. Plain Language Summary: Plasmaspheric hiss can cause the scattering loss of Earth's radiation belt electrons via wave‐particle resonant interactions and creates a slot region relatively safe for satellites. Thus, their spatial distribution is a key parameter controlling the dynamics of radiation belts. Although the outer boundary of hiss waves can be estimated with the empirical plasmapause location, there is no any empirical model to quantificationally describe their inner boundary. Here, based on the Van Allen Probe observations, we constructed empirical models to estimate the lowest cutoff altitude of global hiss under different geomagnetic conditions. The new empirical models provide an inner boundary for simulating the resonant interactions between hiss waves and high‐energy electrons. Key Points: The lowest cutoff altitude of global hiss is quantificationally examined with Van Allen Probes observations near the magnetic equatorThe lowest cutoff altitude of equatorial hiss is nearly fixed at L ∼ 1.1 on the dayside, but changes between L ∼ 1.1–1.4 on the nightsideNew empirical models are constructed to estimate the lowest cutoff altitude of global hiss under different geomagnetic conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a new surgical method for one-stage reconstruction of the penis. It is applied to the reconstruction of the microphallus as well as to traumatic cases with the residual stump of the amputated penis not less than 3 cm long. By transferring the original glans or the residual penile stump to the anterior portion of the newly reconstructed penile body with microsurgical techniques, we have thus rebuilt a penis with more satisfactory results in both appearance and erotic sensation. Seven patients are reported here who were operated on by this method and who have been followed up for 18 months to 10 years. The good results achieved and the method's advantages over other methods are demonstrated and discussed.

Our experience in reconstructive surgery of the penis in 136 cases is reported. The postoperative complication rate was 13.24 percent. Five methods were used: the radial forearm free flap, the superficial inferior epigastric artery flap, the superficial circumflex iliac artery flap, the anterolateral thigh flap, and the combined cutaneous flap. The choice of the method had to be made depending on the patient's condition and prediction of the operative results. The penis not only should have a good appearance with normal size but also should have good sensation and function. The keys to success of this operation are considered to be correct preoperative planning, careful manipulation, and excellent anastomoses.

A case of true, complete diphallus in an adult, associated with multiple malformations, is presented. The left urethra was perineal hypospadic; the right posterior urethra was small in caliber; and the right testis and spermatic cord were absent. The chordee was released; the right penis was resected and transferred to elongate the left one; and the urethra was reconstructed with a radial forearm free flap. Follow-up of more than 6 years shows that the patient has a good functional and cosmetic result.

Twin flaps from the plantar non-weight-bearing region and lower medial leg have been designed and performed in 7 patients, 1 of whom had bilateral twin flaps. The twin flaps possess different textures of tissues that are particularly suitable for repair of hand deformity involving both the palm and the dorsum. Technical points of raising twin flaps are detailed and their indications discussed.