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Smoke taint in wine has become a critical issue in the wine industry due to its significant negative impact on wine quality. Data-driven approaches including univariate analysis and predictive modeling are applied to a data set containing concentrations of 20 VOCs in 48 grape samples and 56 corresponding wine samples with a taster-evaluated smoke taint index. The resulting models for predicting the smoke taint index of wines are highly predictive when using as inputs VOC concentrations after log conversion in both grapes and wines (Pearson Correlation Coefficient PCC = 0.82; R2 = 0.68) and less so when only grape VOCs are used (Pearson Correlation Coefficient PCC = 0.76; R2 = 0.56), and the classification models also show the capacity for detecting smoke-tainted wines using both wine and grape VOC concentrations (Recall = 0.76; Precision = 0.92; F1 = 0.82) or using only grape VOC concentrations (Recall = 0.74; Precision = 0.92; F1 = 0.80). The performance of the predictive model shows the possibility of predicting the smoke taint index of the wine and grape samples before fermentation. The corresponding code of data analysis and predictive modeling of smoke taint in wine is available in the Github repository (https://github.com/IBPA/smoke_taint_prediction).

Abstract Background Regulatory applications for cell therapy face more objections compared to conventional small molecule or biological drugs, leading to delays in market approval and clinical adoption. Increased regulatory objections frequently relate to issues regarding preclinical evidence, such as experimental design of animal studies, selection of animal models, endpoints, and determination of mechanism of action. Synthesis and clarification of the preclinical evidence necessary to demonstrate treatment efficacy and advance into early-phase clinical trials is needed to help researchers avoid regulatory objections. Methods We conducted a scoping review in which we searched repositories of the International Council for Harmonisation and all national member organizations (N = 38) for documents related to preclinical studies of cell therapies. Active guidance documents related to cell therapy were included, with no restrictions based on the year or language of publication. Data extraction was conducted in duplicate with conflicts resolved through consensus discussion. Results From 1215 identified documents, a total of 182 were included and analyzed, with 71% originating from ten major regulatory agencies. The most prevalent preclinical item addressed was the mechanism of action (n = 161, 88% of documents), underscoring its importance in bridging preclinical findings to clinical application. Most documents (n = 140, 77%) emphasized the importance of using clinically relevant preclinical models, though specific recommendations on models of disease were less common (n = 81, 45%). Selection of clinically relevant intervention parameters (n = 136, 75%) and outcome measures (n = 121, 66%) were also frequently recommended, but selection of relevant comparator groups appeared less frequently (n = 35, 19%). Furthermore, robust study design elements such as randomization and blinding were less frequently recommended, appearing in 31% of documents (n = 57). Comparison with clinical trial guidance revealed a significant gap in the rigor of study design recommendations for preclinical research. Conclusions Regulatory guidance for preclinical efficacy studies often recommends a strong emphasis on the clinical relevance of animal models, intervention parameters, outcomes, and mechanism of action. Incorporating these recommendations into early preclinical studies should improve the acceptability of preclinical evidence for approval by the relevant national regulators and can be used as a guide to ensure that all evidence that regulators say they expect is efficiently assembled into new clinical trial applications.

Abstract Background To assess the clinical outcomes and identify the ideal indication for implementing dorsal distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) capsular imbrication after triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) repair in cases of DRUJ instability. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients who underwent arthroscopic TFCC repair between 2016 and 2021. Inclusion criteria comprised a symptomatic ulna fovea sign for over 6 months and dorsal DRUJ subluxation on magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 225 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (135 cases) with a negative ballottement test after “Cross-form TFCC repair” (CR) and Group 2 (90 cases) with a positive ballottement test after “Cross-form TFCC repair” and augmented DRUJ stability through dorsal DRUJ capsular imbrication (CR + DCI). Pain visual analog scale score (VAS), grip strength, modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), wrist range of motion (ROM), and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were assessed for a minimum of 3 years postoperatively. Results Both groups showed significant improvements in pain VAS score, grip strength, wrist ROM, MMWS, and PROMs between the preoperative and postoperative periods (all P

The microstructure and uniformity of Cu metallization in the through glass via (TGV) structure were investigated through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis system and finite element analysis (FEA) method. Two different direct current (DC) electroplating methods were employed for the TGV metallization, including single- and multiple-step electroplating methods. We found that the multiple-step electroplating process with appropriate current density (j)/plating time (t) can efficiently enhance the throwing power (TP) value (uniformity) of electroplated Cu in the TGV metallization. Moreover, the Cu electrodeposition via the multiple-step electroplating process possessed larger grain sizes and high fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), including twin boundaries (TBs), which are very beneficial to the mechanical and electrical properties of Cu interconnects. Detailed analyses of the uniformity (i.e., TP), crystallographic microstructure (e.g., grain size), and mechanical characteristics (e.g., ductility) of electroplated Cu derived from single- and multiple-step electroplating process were discussed in this paper.

The main bioactive components of agarwood, derived from Aquilaria sinensis, include sesquiterpenes, 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone derivatives, aromatic compounds, and fatty acids, which typically exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-modulating, hypoglycemic, and antitumor pharmacological effects in the form of essential oils. Agarwood tree leaves, rich in flavonoids, 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone compounds, and flavonoid compounds, also exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating effects. These properties are particularly relevant to the treatment of periodontitis, given that inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation are key pathological mechanisms of the disease, highlighting the substantial potential of agarwood and agarwood tree leaves in this therapeutic area. However, the low solubility and poor bioavailability of essential oils present challenges that necessitate the development of improved active formulations. In this review, we will introduce the bioactive components, extraction methods, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of agarwood and agarwood tree leaves, analyzing its prospects for the treatment of periodontitis.

Abstract Background Metacarpal shaft fracture is a common type of hand fracture. Numerous studies have explored fixing transverse fractures in the midshaft of the metacarpal bone. However, this section of the metacarpal bone is often susceptible to high-energy injury, resulting in comminuted fracture or bone loss. In such cases, wedge-shaped bone defects can develop in the metacarpal shaft, increasing the difficulty of performing fracture fixation. Notably, the research on this type of fracture fixation is limited. This study compared the abilities of four fixation methods to fix metacarpal shaft fractures with wedge-shaped bone defects. Methods In total, 28 artificial metacarpal bones were used. To create wedge-shaped bone defects, an electric saw was used to create metacarpal shaft fractures at the midshaft of each bone. The artificial metacarpal bones were then divided into four groups for fixation. The bones in the first group were fixed with a dorsal locked plate (DP group), those in the second group were fixed with a volar locked plate (VP group), and those in the third group were fixed by combining dorsal and volar locked plates (DP + VP group), and those in the fourth group were fixed with two K-wires (2 K group). Cantilever bending tests were conducted using a material testing machine to measure yielding force and stiffness. The four groups’ fixation capabilities were then assessed through analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Results The DP + VP group (164.1±44.0 N) achieved a significantly higher yielding force relative to the 2 K group (50.7 ± 8.9 N); the DP group (13.6 ± 3.0 N) and VP group (12.3 ± 1.0 N) did not differ significantly in terms of yielding force, with both achieving lower yielding forces relative to the DP + VP group and 2 K group. The DP + VP group (19.8±6.3 N/mm) achieved the highest level of stiffness, and the other three groups did not differ significantly in terms of stiffness (2 K group, 5.4 ± 1.1 N/mm; DP group, 4.0 ± 0.9 N/mm; VP group, 3.9 ± 1.9 N/mm). Conclusions The fixation method involving the combined use of dorsal and volar locked plates (DP + VP group) resulted in optimal outcomes with respect to fixing metacarpal shaft fractures with volar wedge bone defects.

Abstract Background Windswept deformity (WSD) in relation to advanced osteoarthritis (OA) presents a significant surgical challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The primary goal of this study is to investigate the Prevalance of WSD associated osteoarthritis who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. The secondary goal is to explore the causes of WSD and its association with spinal deformity or leg length discrepancy in these patients. Finally, we evaluate the surgical outcomes of phenotype-considered kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) in treating patients with WSD. Methods A review was conducted on data from 40 knees of 33 WSD patients who underwent phenotype-considered KA-TKA from August 2016 to December 2020. Patient demographics, associated diseases, preoperative and postoperative knee alignment angles, range of motion (ROM), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and Knee Society Score (KSS) were collected and analyzed. Subgroup analysis for comparing the results between valgus and varus knees were also performed. Results Within the studied cohort of WSD patients, a substantial 64% displayed concomitant coronal spinal imbalance and 21% evidenced leg length discrepancy. Postoperative improvements were notable in knee alignments, ROM, OKS, and KSS following the application of the phenotype-considered KA-TKA approach. There were significant differences in the knee alignment angles, including mHKA, LDFA, and MPTA, between the valgus and varus side of knees (P = 0.018). However, no statistically significant difference were observed in the functional scores, comprising ROM, OKS, and KSS, between valgus and varus knees. Conclusions A high percentage of patients with WSD exhibited coronal spinal imbalance and leg length discrepancy. Phenotype-considered KA-TKA effectively provided alignment targets for the treatment of both varus and valgus knees in patients with WSD, achieving excellent short-term outcomes and acceptable knee alignment.

Abstract In the realm of ferroelectric memories, HfO2-based ferroelectrics stand out because of their exceptional CMOS compatibility and scalability. Nevertheless, their switchable polarization and switching speed are not on par with those of perovskite ferroelectrics. It is widely acknowledged that defects play a crucial role in stabilizing the metastable polar phase of HfO2. Simultaneously, defects also pin the domain walls and impede the switching process, ultimately rendering the sluggish switching of HfO2. Herein, we present an effective strategy involving acceptor-donor co-doping to effectively tackle this dilemma. Remarkably enhanced ferroelectricity and the fastest switching process ever reported among HfO2 polar devices are observed in La3+-Ta5+ co-doped HfO2 ultrathin films. Moreover, robust macro-electrical characteristics of co-doped films persist even at a thickness as low as 3 nm, expanding potential applications of HfO2 in ultrathin devices. Our systematic investigations further demonstrate that synergistic effects of uniform microstructure and smaller switching barrier introduced by co-doping ensure the enhanced ferroelectricity and shortened switching time. The co-doping strategy offers an effective avenue to control the defect state and improve the ferroelectric properties of HfO2 films.

In order to understand the dynamic changes of non-volatile metabolites in Xinyang Maojian tea during processing, Xinyang Maojian tea samples from Xinyang tea population (Camellia sinensis cv. Quntizhong) taken during processing were systematically analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1 000 non-volatile metabolites were identified, and multivariate statistical analysis showed that non-volatile metabolites changed significantly during the processing stages after fixation. Meanwhile, a total of 53 differential compounds were screened out, including amino acids, catechins, flavonoid glycosides, lipids, purine nucleosides and organic acids that were identified as the key components contributing to the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea. In particular, the relative contents of some acylated flavonoid glycosides, lysophosphatidyls and purine nucleosides were significantly elevated during the processing stages after fixation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential compounds were significantly enriched in the pathways of purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (P < 0.05). This study provides a basis for understanding the formation mechanism of the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea.

Abstract Charge density waves (CDWs) involved with electronic and phononic subsystems simultaneously are a common quantum state in solid-state physics, especially in low-dimensional materials. However, CDW phase dynamics in various dimensions are yet to be studied, and their phase transition mechanism is currently moot. Here we show that using the distinct temperature evolution of orientation-dependent ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics, different dimensional CDW phases are verified in CuTe. When the temperature decreases, the shrinking of c-axis length accompanied with the appearance of interchain and interlayer interactions causes the quantum fluctuations (QF) of the CDW phase until 220 K. At T

The purpose of this study was to use the aerobic exercise program as an intervention to understand exercise awareness and exercise behavior in older adults and to predict health promotion. This study recruited 120 healthy older adults (60 males and 60 females) over 65 years old (average male age 72.15 ± 3.53 years, female average age 71.64 ± 3.97 years), males and females were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and the control group (30 males, 30 females). The experimental group underwent an “aerobic fitness exercise program” for 8 week, while the control group underwent 8 weeks of daily life. All participants were first surveyed on background variables. At the beginning and end of the experiment, the experimental group and control group of males and females had to undergo the senior fitness test (SFT), the Elderly Exercise Awareness and Exercise Behavior Scale (EAEBI) and the Elderly Health Promotion Inventory (HPI) survey. The results of the study showed that male Cohen’s d = .326, and female Cohen’s d = .371, both showed small effects; related power analysis male effect size (es) = 0.2, female effect size (es) = 0.1, showed that the participants were homogeneous, the mean ages of males and females of the Q-Q plot showed normality. The SFT analysis of the experimental group and the control group found that Int-2, Int-1, Con-1, and Con-2 were significantly different between males and females. The EAEBI scale analysis found that the male experimental group had the largest difference in awareness effect ( F = 9.47, p

Pig farming is a major sector of livestock production. The preweaning stage is a critical period in the pig farming process, where lactation-related behaviors between sows and their piglets directly influence the preweaning survivability of the piglets. Lactation-related behaviors are mutual interactions that require the combined monitoring of both the sow and her piglets. Conventional naked-eye observation is discontinuous and labor-intensive and may result in undetected abnormal behavior and economic losses. Thus, this study proposed to monitor the lactation-related behaviors of sows and their piglets simultaneously and continuously using computer vision. Videos were recorded from farrowing crates using embedded systems equipped with regular RGB cameras. The sow posture recognition model (SPRM), comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) of the architecture EfficientNet and a long short-term memory network, was trained to identify seven postures of sows. The piglet localization and tracking model (PLTM), comprising a CNN of the architecture YOLOv7 and a simple online and realtime tracking algorithm, was trained to localize and track piglets in the farrowing crate. The sow posture information was then combined with the piglet activity to detect unfed piglets. The trained SPRM and PLTM reached an accuracy of 91.36% and a multiple object tracking accuracy of 94.6%. The performance of the proposed unfed piglet detection achieved a precision of 98.4% and a recall of 90.7%. A long-term experiment was conducted to monitor lactation-related behaviors of sows and their piglets from the birth of the piglets to day 15. The overall mean daily percentages ± standard deviations (SDs) of sow postures were 6.8% ± 2.9% for feeding, 8.8% ± 6.6% for standing, 11.8% ± 4.5% for sitting, 20.6% ± 16.3% for recumbency, 14.1% ± 6.5% for lying, and 38.1% ± 7.5% for lactating. The overall mean daily percentages ± SDs of piglet activities were 38.1% ± 7.5% for suckling, 22.2% ± 5.4% for active, and 39.7% ± 10.5% for rest. The proposed approach provides a total solution for the automatic monitoring of sows and their piglets in the farrowing house. This automatic detection of abnormal lactation-related behaviors can help in preventing piglet preweaning mortality and therefore aid pig farming efficiency.

Objective: To discuss several techniques of hysteroscopic surgery for complete septate uterus. Case report: A 40-year-old female with unexplained primary infertility was diagnosed with complete septate uterus with septate cervix. Hysteroscopic incision of complete septate uterus was performed by using ballooning technique. The patient conceived naturally shortly after the operation and delivered a healthy, term infant. Conclusion: Hysteroscopic incision of complete septate uterus is a safe and prompt way of metroplasty. With the knowledge obtained from a pre-operative MRI, it can be completed without laparoscopy and the need for hospitalization.

Introduction: Frailty has an important impact on the health outcomes of older patients, and frailty screening is recommended as part of perioperative evaluation. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a validated tool that highlights frailty risk using 109 International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. In this study, we aim to compare HFRS to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and validate HFRS as a predictor of adverse outcomes in Asian patients admitted to surgical services. Method: A retrospective study of electronic health records (EHR) was undertaken in patients aged 65 years and above who were discharged from surgical services between 1 April 2022 to 31 July 2022. Patients were stratified into low (HFRS 15) risk of frailty. Results: Those at high risk of frailty were older and more likely to be men. They were also likely to have more comorbidities and a higher CCI than those at low risk of frailty. High HFRS scores were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission. When used in combination with CCI, there was better prediction of mortality at 90 and 270 days, and 30-day readmission. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first validation of HFRS in Singapore in surgical patients and confirms that high-risk HFRS predicts long LOS (≥7days), increased unplanned hospital readmissions (both 30-day and 270-day) and increased mortality (inpatient, 10-day, 30-day, 90-day, 270-day) compared with those at low risk of frailty.

Background: Mandibular third molar impaction in adult patients is one of the most common problems in dental practice. However, limited data are available on the association between mandibular third molar impaction and craniofacial skeletal problems. Aim: This study aimed to establish a prediction model to evaluate the risk factors for mandibular third molar impaction. Methods: Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontic patients aged ≥20 years were obtained from the Tri-Service General Hospital. The radiographs were analyzed by a single examiner. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the mandibular third molar impaction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate five linear and six angular measurements to define the facial pattern of the participants. The association between cephalometric measurements and mandibular third molar impaction was determined using one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. Results: This study included 60 participants. The incidence of mandibular third molar impaction was associated with the mandibular plane angle (MPA) and mandibular length (Co-Gn) (P < 0.001). The presence of mandibular third molar impaction was found to gradually increase with increasing MPA and decreasing mandibular length. Conclusion: Individuals with a greater MPA and lesser mandibular length had a higher incidence of mandibular third molar impaction.