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1. Analysis of the mechanical performance of the 4.2 m long MQXFA magnets for the Hi-Lumi LHC Upgrade

Author

Fajardo, L. Garcia, Ambrosio, G., Yahia, A. Ben, Cheng, D. W., Ferracin, P., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Muratore, J., Prestemon, S., Ray, K. L., Solis, M., and Vallone, G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Under the U.S. High Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP), the 150 mm bore, high-field Nb3Sn low-\b{eta} MQXFA quadrupole magnets are being fabricated, assembled and tested, in the context of the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. These magnets have 4.2 m magnetic length and 4.56 m long iron yoke. To date, eight MQXFA magnets have been tested. One of the magnets additionally underwent a successful endurance test with 40 triggered quenches, and two magnets did not perform as expected. This work summarizes for the first time the available strain gauge data from eight identical Nb3Sn MQXFA tested magnets, focusing on the endurance test, and on a possible cause of underperformance of the two magnets that did not pass the vertical test. We applied methods to prevent this from happening in future MQXFA magnets, which shown to be effective for last two tested magnets.

Published
2023

2. Challenges and Lessons Learned from fabrication, testing and analysis of eight MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupole magnets for HL-LHC

Author

Ambrosio, G., Amm, K., Anerella, M., Apollinari, G., Izquierdo, G. Arnau, Baldini, M., Ballarino, A., Barth, C., Yahia, A. Ben, Blowers, J., De Sousa, P. Borges, Bossert, R., Bulat, B., Carcagno, R., Cheng, D. W., Chlachidze, G., Cooley, L., Crouvizier, M., Devred, A., DiMarco, J., Feher, S., Ferracin, P., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Fajardo, L. Garcia, Gourlay, S., Hocker, H. M., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Joshi, P., Krave, S., Lee, E. M., Levitan, J., Lombardo, V., Lu, J., Marchevsky, M., Marinozzi, V., Moros, A., Muratore, J., Naus, M., Nobrega, F., Page, T., Pong, I., Perez, J. C., Prestemon, S., Ravaioli, E., Ray, K. L., Sabbi, G., Schmalzle, J., Seyl, J., Sgobba, S., Stoynev, S., Strauss, T., Todesco, E., Turrioni, D., Vallone, G., Van Weelderen, R., Wanderer, P., Wang, X., and Yu, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC. This AUP effort is shared by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL, with strand verification tests at NHMFL. An important step of the AUP QA plan is the testing of MQXFA magnets in a vertical cryostat at BNL. The acceptance criteria that could be tested at BNL were all met by the first four production magnets (MQXFA03-MQXFA06). Subsequently, two magnets (MQXFA07 and MQXFA08) did not meet some criteria and were disassembled. Lessons learned during the disassembly of MQXFA07 caused a revision to the assembly specifications that were used for MQXFA10 and subsequent magnets. In this paper, we present a summary of: 1) the fabrication and test data of all the MQXFA magnets; 2) the analysis of MQXFA07/A08 test results with characterization of the limiting mechanism; 3) the outcome of the investigation, including the lessons learned during MQXFA07 disassembly; and 4) the finite element analysis correlating observations with test performance.

Published
2023
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4. The Challenges and Solutions of Meeting the Assembly Specifications for the 4.5 m Long MQXFA Magnets for the Hi-Luminosity LHC

Author

Cheng, D. W., Ambrosio, G., Ferracin, P., Fajardo, L. Garcia, Prestemon, S. O., Ray, K. L., Sabbi, G. L., Solis, M., Vallone, G., and Wang, X. R.

Abstract

The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) has, in the recent years, developed assembly specifications for the 4.5 m long MQXFA magnets, which are 150 mm aperture high-field Nb3Sn low-β quadrupole magnets that are being built for the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. While the specifications were based on lessons learned from the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) effort and the MQXFS and MQXFA prototype magnets, the experience gained from having both MQXFA07 and MQXFA08 magnets not meeting performance specifications during cold testing actually catalyzed a better understanding of the impact of the target assembly specifications and a subsequent refinement of the same. This paper summarizes a body of assembly data from the Pre-Series (MQXFA03-MQXFA07) and Series magnets (MQXFA08-MQXFA11) that have been built to date, and discusses the processes employed to successfully face the challenge of ensuring that the assembly specifications are met for the duration of the project.

Published
2023
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5. Mechanical Comparison of Short Models of Nb3 Sn Low-β Quadrupole for the Hi-Lumi LHC

Author

Takala, E., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bourcey, N., additional, Bianchi, L., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, additional, Mangiarotti, F., additional, Pan, H., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Troitino, J. Ferradas, additional, Vallone, G., additional, Sequeiro, C. Castro, additional, and Troitino, S. Ferradas, additional

Published
2021
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6. Assembly and Pre-Loading Specifications for the Series Production of the Nb 3 Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC.

Author

Ferracin, P., Ambrosio, G., Cheng, D. W., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Fajardo, L. Garcia, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Prestemon, S., Ray, K. L., Solis, M. J., Todesco, E., and Vallone, G.

Subjects
MAGNETS, SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, SUPERCONDUCTORS, QUADRUPOLES, ELECTROMAGNETS, TIN
Abstract

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Project is planning to install 16 cold-masses made with Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets in the LHC Interaction Regions to significantly increase its luminosity. Half of these cold masses are fabricated at BNL, FNAL, and LBNL under the US Accelerator Research Program (AUP). Each cold mass includes two identical Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA with a magnetic length of 4.2 m. Currently, the AUP project has completed the fabrication and test of the first 5 pre-series magnets, and is working on the following 16 magnets for the series production. The brittleness and strain sensitivity of the Nb3Sn superconducting material requires a careful definition of the allowable maximum stress in the windings during magnet assembly and pre-load, and a tight control of their variation within the whole coil length. Therefore, a series of assembly and pre-load specifications have been defined with the goals of minimizing the risk of conductor degradation and providing the mechanical support required to reach the nominal current during powering. In this paper we present the specifications defined for the MQXFA magnets and applied during the different assembly phases and during the pre-load process of the first 5 pre-series magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Summary of HQ01e magnetic measurements

Author

Wang, X., primary, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Godeke, A., additional, Hafalia, A.R., additional, Joseph, J. M., additional, Lizarazo, J., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, DiMarco, J., additional, Zlobin, A.V., additional, Milanese, A., additional, and Todesco, E., additional

Published
2011
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12. Mechanical Analysis of the Short Model Magnets for the Nb $_{3}$Sn Low-$\beta$ Quadrupole MQXF

Author

Vallone, G., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bajas, H., additional, Bourcey, N., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Grosclaude, P., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, additional, Juchno, M., additional, Pan, H., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, and Strauss, T., additional

Published
2018
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13. Test Result of the Short Models MQXFS3 and MQXFS5 for the HL-LHC Upgrade

Author

Bajas, Hugues, primary, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Ballarino, A., additional, Bajko, Marta, additional, Bordini, B., additional, Bourcey, N., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Cabon, M., additional, Chiuchiolo, A., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Felice, H., additional, Fiscarelli, L., additional, Juchno, M., additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Kopal, J., additional, Lackner, F., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Nobrega, F., additional, Pan, H., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Prin, H., additional, Ravaioli, E., additional, Rossi, L., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Sequeira Tavares, S., additional, Steckert, J., additional, Stoynev, S., additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Vallone, G., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X., additional, and Yu, M., additional

Published
2018
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14. Solid state quantum computer development in silicon with single ion implantation.

Author

Schenkel, T., Persaud, A., Park, S. J., Nilsson, J., Bokor, J., Liddle, J. A., Keller, R., Schneider, D. H., Cheng, D. W., and Humphries, D. E.

Subjects
SOLID state electronics, SOLID state physics, SILICON, NONMETALS, ION implantation, ION bombardment, PHYSICS
Abstract

Spawned by the finding of efficient quantum algorithms, the development of a scalable quantum computer has emerged as a premiere challenge for nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last years. Spins of electrons and nuclei in [sup 31]P atoms embedded in silicon are promising quantum bit (qubit) candidates. In this article we describe single atom doping strategies and the status of our development of single atom qubit arrays integrated with control gates and readout structures in a “top down” approach. We discuss requirements for [sup 31]P qubit array formation by single ion implantation, and integration with semiconductor processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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15. Mechanical Qualification of the Support Structure for MQXF, the Nb3Sn Low- $\beta$ Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC

Author

Juchno, M, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bourcey, N, Cheng, D W, Felice, H, Ferracin, P, Grosclaude, P, Guinchard, M, Perez, J C, Prin, H, and Schmalzle

Subjects
low-beta quadrupoles, short model, General Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Bioengineering, High luminosity LHC, Materials Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Nb3Sn magnets, support structure
Abstract

Within the scope of the High Luminosity LHC project, the collaboration between CERN and U.S. LARP is developing new low-β quadrupoles using the Nb$_{3}$Sn superconducting technology for the upgrade of the LHC interaction regions. The magnet support structure of the first short model was designed and two units were fabricated and tested at CERN and at LBNL. The structure provides the preload to the collars-coils subassembly by an arrangement of outer aluminum shells pre-tensioned with water-pressurized bladders. For the mechanical qualification of the structure and the assembly procedure, superconducting coils were replaced with solid aluminum “dummy coils”, the structure was preloaded at room temperature, and then cooled-down to 77 K. Mechanical behavior of the magnet structure was monitored with the use of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shells, the dummy coils and the axial preload system. This paper reports on the outcome of the assembly and the cool-down tests with dummy coils, which were performed at CERN and at LBNL, and presents the strain gauge measurements compared to the 3D finite element model predictions. Within the scope of the High-Luminosity LHC project, the collaboration between CERN and U.S. LARP is developing new low-β quadrupoles using the Nb_3Sn superconducting technology for the upgrade of the LHC interaction regions. The magnet support structure of the first short model was designed, and two units were fabricated and tested at CERN and at LBNL. The structure provides the preload to the collar-coil subassembly by an arrangement of outer aluminum shells pretensioned with water-pressurized bladders. For the mechanical qualification of the structure and the assembly procedure, superconducting coils were replaced with solid aluminum “dummy coils,” and the structure was preloaded at room temperature and then cooled-down to 77 K. The mechanical behavior of the magnet structure was monitored with the use of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shells, the dummy coils, and the axial preload system. This paper reports on the outcome of the assembly and the cooldown tests with dummy coils, which were performed at CERN and at LBNL, and presents the strain gauge measurements compared with the 3-D finite-element model predictions.

Published
2016

16. Development of MQXF: The Nb3Sn Low- $\beta$ Quadrupole for the HiLumi LHC

Author

Ferracin, P, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Ballarino, A, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Cheng, D W, Dietderich, D R, Chlachidze, G, Cooley, L, Felice, H, Ghosh, A, Hafalia, R, Holik, E, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Fessia, P, Grosclaude, P, Guinchard, M, Juchno, M, Krave, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Marinozzi, V, Nobrega, F, Oberli, L, Pan, H, Perez, J C, Prin, H, Rysti, J, Rochepault, E, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Schmalzle, J, Sorbi, M, Sequeira Tavares, S, Todesco, E, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, M

Subjects
low-beta quadrupoles, General Physics, interaction regions, Materials Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, Nb3Sn magnets
Abstract

The High Luminosity (HiLumi) Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project has, as the main objective, to increase the LHC peak luminosity by a factor five and the integrated luminosity by a factor ten. This goal will be achieved mainly with a new interaction region layout, which will allow a stronger focusing of the colliding beams. The target will be to reduce the beam size in the interaction points by a factor of two, which requires doubling the aperture of the low-β (or inner triplet) quadrupole magnets. The use of Nb$_{3}$Sn superconducting material and, as a result, the possibility of operating at magnetic field levels in the windings higher than 11 T will limit the increase in length of these quadrupoles, called MQXF, to acceptable levels. After the initial design phase, where the key parameters were chosen and the magnet's conceptual design finalized, the MQXF project, a joint effort between the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program and the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), has now entered the construction and test phase of the short models. Concurrently, the preparation for the development of the full-length prototypes has been initiated. This paper will provide an overview of the project status, describing and reporting on the performance of the superconducting material, the lessons learnt during the fabrication of superconducting coils and support structure, and the fine tuning of the magnet design in view of the start of the prototyping phase.

Published
2016

17. Performance of HQ02, an optimized version of the 120 mm $Nb_3Sn$ LARP quadrupole

Author

Chlachidze, G, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Borgnolutti, F, Bossert, R, Caspi, S, Cheng, D W, Dietderich, D, Felice, H, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, A, Godeke, A, Hafalia A R, Marchevsky, M, Orris, D, Roy, P K, Sabbi, G L, Salmi, T, Schmalzle, J, Sylvester, C, Tartaglia, M, Tompkins, J, Wanderer, P, Wang, X R, and Zlobin, A V

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

In preparation for the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is developing a new generation of large aperture high-field quadrupoles based on Nb$_{3}$Sn technology. One meter long and 120 mm diameter HQ quadrupoles are currently produced as a step toward the eventual aperture of 150 mm. Tests of the first series of HQ coils revealed the necessity for further optimization of the coil design and fabrication process. A new model (HQ02) has been fabricated with several design modifications, including a reduction of the cable size and an improved insulation scheme. Coils in this magnet are made of a cored cable using 0.778 mm diameter Nb$_{3}$Sn strands of RRP 108/127 sub-element design. The HQ02 magnet has been fabricated at LBNL and BNL, and then tested at Fermilab. This paper summarizes the performance of HQ02 at 4.5 K and 1.9 K temperatures. In preparation for the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is developing a new generation of large aperture high-field quadrupoles based on Nb_3Sn technology. One meter long and 120 mm diameter HQ quadrupoles are currently produced as a step toward the eventual aperture of 150 mm. Tests of the first series of HQ coils revealed the necessity for further optimization of the coil design and fabrication process. A new model (HQ02) has been fabricated with several design modifications, including a reduction of the cable size and an improved insulation scheme. Coils in this magnet are made of a cored cable using 0.778 mm diameter Nb_3Sn strands of RRP 108/127 subelement design. The HQ02 magnet has been fabricated at LBNL and BNL, and then tested at Fermilab. This paper summarizes the performance of HQ02 at 4.5 K and 1.9 K temperatures.

Published
2014

19. Protection Heater Design Validation for the LARP Magnets Using Thermal Imaging

Author

Marchevsky, M., primary, Turqueti, M., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Felice, H., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Salmi, T., additional, Stenvall, A., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Ambrosio, G., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, S., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, and Todesco, E., additional

Published
2016
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20. Development of MQXF: The Nb3Sn Low- $\beta$ Quadrupole for the HiLumi LHC

Author

Ferracin, P., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Ballarino, A., additional, Bajas, H., additional, Bajko, M., additional, Bordini, B., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Cooley, L., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Hafalia, R., additional, Holik, E., additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, S., additional, Fessia, P., additional, Grosclaude, P., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Juchno, M., additional, Krave, S., additional, Lackner, F., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Marinozzi, V., additional, Nobrega, F., additional, Oberli, L., additional, Pan, H., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Prin, H., additional, Rysti, J., additional, Rochepault, E., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Salmi, T., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Sorbi, M., additional, Sequeira Tavares, S., additional, Todesco, E., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X., additional, and Yu, M., additional

Published
2016
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22. Mechanical Qualification of the Support Structure for MQXF, the Nb3Sn Low-$\beta$Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC

Author

Juchno, M., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Bajas, H., additional, Bajko, M., additional, Bourcey, N., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Grosclaude, P., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Prin, H., additional, and Schmalzle, J., additional

Published
2016
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23. Mechanical Analysis of the Short Model Magnets for the Nb3Sn Low-β Quadrupole MQXF.

Author

Vallone, G., Ambrosio, G., Bajas, H., Bourcey, N., Cheng, D. W., Chlachidze, G., Ferracin, P., Grosclaude, P., Guinchard, M., Izquierdo Bermudez, S., Juchno, M., Pan, H., Perez, J. C., Prestemon, S., and Strauss, T.

Subjects
MAGNETS, MAGNETISM, MAGNETIC fields, QUADRUPOLES, SUPERCONDUCTORS
Abstract

During the development of MQXF, the new Nb3Sn quadrupole to be used in the large hadron collider (LHC) inner triplets for the High Luminosity upgrade, three short models were tested: MQXFS1, MQXFS3, and MQXFS5. These models differ in the use of thin or thick laminations for the iron components, in the coil design, and in the superconductive strands, rod restack process (RRP) or powder in tube (PIT). In the MQXF design, the azimuthal prestress is provided at room temperature by means of the bladder-key technology, and it is further increased during the cooldown by the differential thermal contraction of the various components. Four aluminum rods provide the longitudinal prestress. Both systems allow for a flexible control of the amount of prestress applied. As a consequence, it was possible to test the models exploring different azimuthal and longitudinal prestress conditions, in an attempt to understand their impact on the magnet performances. This paper studies the mechanical behavior of these short models, also providing the strain and stresses measured by means of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shell, on the winding poles and on the rods. Finally, the paper compares the measures with the results from finite element (FE) models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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24. Fabrication of a Third Generation of$\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Coils for the LARP HQ03 Quadrupole Magnet

Author

Borgnolutti, F., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Felice, H., additional, Godeke, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, and Yu, M., additional

Published
2015
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25. Test of the High-Field $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Dipole Magnet HD3b

Author

Marchevsky, M., primary, Joseph, J., additional, Lizarazo, J., additional, Roy, P. K., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Salmi, T., additional, Turqueti, M., additional, Wang, X., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, DiMarco, J., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Godeke, A., additional, and Hafalia, A. R., additional

Published
2014
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26. Performance of HQ02, an Optimized Version of the 120 mm$\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ LARP Quadrupole

Author

Chlachidze, G., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Borgnolutti, F., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Godeke, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Orris, D., additional, Roy, P. K., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Salmi, T., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Sylvester, C., additional, Tartaglia, M., additional, Tompkins, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X. R., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2014
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27. Fabrication of a Second-Generation of $\hbox{Nb}_{3} \hbox{Sn}$ Coils for the LARP HQ02 Quadrupole Magnet

Author

Borgnolutti, F., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Felice, H., additional, Godeke, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Roy, P. K., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, and Yu, M., additional

Published
2014
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30. Challenges in the Support Structure Design and Assembly of HD3, a $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Block-Type Dipole Magnet

Author

Felice, H., primary, Borgnolutti, F., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Godeke, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Joseph, J. M., additional, Lizarazo, J., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, and Wang, X. R., additional

Published
2013
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33. Quench Performance of HQ01, a 120 mm Bore LARP Quadrupole for the LHC Upgrade

Author

Marchevsky, M., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Bingham, B., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Dietderich, D., additional, DiMarco, J., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Lizarazo, J., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2012
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34. Mechanical Behavior of HQ01, a ${\hbox{Nb}}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Accelerator-Quality Quadrupole Magnet for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade

Author

Ferracin, P., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Lizarazo, J., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2012
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37. Mechanical Performance of the LARP Nb$_{3}$Sn Quadrupole Magnet LQS01

Author

Ferracin, P., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Bingham, B., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Felice, H., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Mumper, W., additional, Nobrega, F., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Sylvester, C., additional, Tartaglia, M., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2011
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38. Test Results of 15 T ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Quadrupole Magnet HQ01 with a 120 mm Bore for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade

Author

Caspi, S., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Barzi, E., additional, Bingham, B., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Felice, H., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Hannaford, C. R., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Kashikhin, V. V., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Xiaorong, W., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2011
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41. Assembly and Loading of LQS01, a Shell-Based 3.7 m Long ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Quadrupole Magnet for LARP

Author

Ferracin, P, primary, Ambrosio, G, additional, Anerella, M, additional, Bingham, B, additional, Bossert, R, additional, Caspi, S, additional, Cheng, D W, additional, Chlachidze, G, additional, Felice, H, additional, Hafalia, A R, additional, Hannaford, C R, additional, Mumper, W, additional, Nobrega, F, additional, Prestemon, S, additional, Sabbi, G L, additional, Schmalzle, J, additional, Sylvester, C, additional, Tartaglia, M, additional, Wanderer, P, additional, and Zlobin, A V, additional

Published
2010
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42. Design and Fabrication of a Supporting Structure for 3.6 m Long Nb$_{3}$Sn Racetrack Coils

Author

Ferracin, P., primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Barzi, E., additional, Caspi, S., additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Dietderich, D. R., additional, Gourlay, S. A., additional, Hafalia, A. R., additional, Hannaford, C. R., additional, Lietzke, A. F., additional, Nobrega, A. R., additional, Sabbi, G. L., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Wanderer, P. J., additional, and Zlobin, A. V., additional

Published
2007
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44. Test of the High-Field \Nb3\Sn Dipole Magnet HD3b.

Author

Marchevsky, M., Caspi, S., Cheng, D. W., Dietderich, D. R., DiMarco, J., Felice, H., Ferracin, P., Godeke, A., Hafalia, A. R., Joseph, J., Lizarazo, J., Roy, P. K., Sabbi, G., Salmi, T., Turqueti, M., Wang, X., and Prestemon, S.

Subjects
MAGNETIC dipoles, MAGNETS, ELECTRIC insulators & insulation, THERMOCYCLING, ACOUSTIC emission
Abstract

We report test results for the one meter long dipole HD3b, a block-type accelerator quality \Nb3\Sn magnet built at LBNL with operational bore fields in the range of 13–15 T. The magnet is an upgrade of the previously reported HD2 and HD3a versions, with several modifications implemented to improve conductor positioning, reduce cable “hard-way” bending radius, and strengthen electrical insulation between cables and coil parts. The magnet exhibited long training behavior, but showed a good “memory” of the trained state upon thermal cycling. Ramp-rate dependence of the quench current, field quality performance characteristics, and protection heater studies were conducted. Quench propagation velocity and quench locations were determined based on the voltage signals; quench localization was further improved using inductive quench antenna and acoustic emission sensors. Short- and long-term acoustic precursors to quenching were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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45. Fabrication of a Second-Generation of \Nb3 \Sn Coils for the LARP HQ02 Quadrupole Magnet.

Author

Borgnolutti, F., Ambrosio, G., Bossert, R., Chlachidze, G., Cheng, D. W., Dietderich, D. R., Felice, H., Godeke, A., Hafalia, A. R., Marchevsky, M., Roy, P. K., Sabbi, G. L., Schmalzle, J., Wanderer, P., and Yu, M.

Subjects
LUMINOSITY, MAGNETS, SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, MAGNETISM, BIOMAGNETISM
Abstract

In the framework of the Large Hadron Collider Luminosity upgrade (HiLumi-LHC) project, the US LHC accelerator research program is developing high-gradient, large-aperture \Nb3 \Sn quadrupole magnets for the LHC interaction regions. The fabrication and tests of a first series of 120-mm-aperture “HQ01” coils revealed design issues that resulted in limited performance. A second series of coils was fabricated in which a number of improved features were implemented (HQ02 coils). The improvements were partly validated with the successful test of an HQ02 coil in a mirror structure, which reached 97% of the short sample. Here, we review the modifications in the coil design and the coil fabrication process, report the issues met during the fabrication, give details of the few differences that exist within the set of HQ02 coils, and discuss a list of further improvements that will be implemented in a third series of HQ coils. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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47. Design of LD1, a Large-Aperture High-Field Nb3Sn Dipole Magnet.

Author

Ferracin, P., Cheng, D. W., Dietderich, D. R., Felice, H., Godeke, A., Hafalia, A. R., Marchevsky, M., Sabbi, G., and Wang, X.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC dipoles, *ACCELERATOR magnets, *SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, *HIGH temperature superconductors, *HOMOGENEITY
Abstract

In order to continue supporting the development of accelerator magnets for the next generation of particle colliders, the LBNL Superconducting Magnet Program has started the design and fabrication of the Nb3Sn Large-aperture Dipole LD1. The goal of the magnet is to generate a dipole field of 13 T to 15 T in a clear aperture of 144 mm \times 94 mm, enabling high-field tests of Rutherford cables and insert coils made of Nb3Sn or high temperature superconductors (HTS), like Bi-2212, YBCO, and Bi-2223. The bore size will also accommodate large Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC's), including ITER cables. We describe in this paper the design of LD1, in particular cable geometry, coil lay-out and support structure. Operational conditions based on strand measurements will be discussed, focusing on coil peak fields in straight section and end region, bore field homogeneity, and stress on the conductor during assembly, cool-down and excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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48. Mechanical Behavior of HQ01, a \Nb3\Sn Accelerator-Quality Quadrupole Magnet for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade.

Author

Ferracin, P., Ambrosio, G., Anerella, M., Bossert, R., Caspi, S., Chlachidze, G., Cheng, D. W., Dietderich, D. R., Felice, H., Ghosh, A., Hafalia, A. R., Lizarazo, J., Marchevsky, M., Joseph, J., Sabbi, G., Schmalzle, J., Wanderer, P., Wang, X., and Zlobin, A. V.

Subjects
MECHANICAL behavior of materials, QUADRUPOLES, LARGE Hadron Collider, LUMINOSITY, FIELD emission electron microscopy
Abstract

HQ01 is a superconducting quadrupole magnet under development by the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) as a part of an R&D effort to demonstrate that Nb3Sn magnet technology is a viable option for a future luminosity upgrade of the LHC. The design is characterized by a 120 mm bore, a maximum gradient of 219 T/m at 1.9 K, and a support structure based on an aluminum shell pre-tensioned by water-pressurized bladders. The shell-based structure concept has already been successfully implemented in previous LARP quadrupole magnets. In HQ01, the structure incorporates additional features designed to provide full alignment between the support structure components and the coils. Specifically, the coil azimuthal alignment is achieved through outer layer pole keys which, by intercepting part of the force applied by bladders and shell, remain clamped to bolted aluminum collars from assembly to full excitation. A sequence of assemblies and cool-downs were executed with different keys sizes to characterize the alignment system and its impact on coil pre-load, at both room temperature and at 4.5 K. This paper reports on the mechanical behavior of the HQ01, by summarizing the strain gauge data and comparing them with FEM model predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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49. Test Results of 15 T Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet HQ01 with a 120 mm Bore for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade.

Author

Caspi, S., Ambrosio, G., Anerella, M., Barzi, E., Bingham, B., Bossert, R., Cheng, D. W., Chlachidze, G., Dietderich, D. R., Felice, H., Ferracin, P., Ghosh, A., Hafalia, A. R., Hannaford, C. R., Joseph, J., Kashikhin, V. V., Sabbi, G. L., Schmalzle, J., Wanderer, P., and Xiaorong, W.

Subjects
QUADRUPOLES, LARGE Hadron Collider, SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, MAGNETIC separation, ALUMINUM, MECHANICAL behavior of materials, ELECTRIC coils, ELECTRICAL conductors
Abstract

In support of the luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has been developing a 1-meter long, 120 mm bore Nb3Sn IR quadrupole magnet (HQ). With a short sample gradient of 219 T/m at 1.9 K and a conductor peak field of 15 T, the magnet will operate under higher forces and stored-energy levels than that of any previous LARP magnet models. In addition, HQ has been designed to incorporate accelerator quality features such as precise coil alignment and adequate cooling. The first 6 coils (out of the 8 fabricated so far) have been assembled and used in two separate tests—HQ01a and HQ01b. This paper presents design parameters, summary of the assemblies, the mechanical behavior as well as the performance of HQ01a and HQ01b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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