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Kun Qin,1,2,* Ting Gong,3,* Shi-Fan Ruan,1,* Min Lin,1 Xinhong Su,1 Xiaoqing Lv,1 Bo Cheng,1,4 Chao Ji1,4 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529000, People’s Republic of China; 3Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Ji; Bo Cheng, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18651619908 ; Tel +86 13859024296, Email jichaofy@fjmu.edu.com; chengbo630415@126.comPurpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause life-threatening Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Large-scale original research on ICI-induced SJS/TEN is limited. This study aimed to explore the unique clinical characteristics and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of SJS/TEN induced by ICIs.Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the clinical features of SJS/TEN induced by ICIs and non-ICIs, and reviewed the case characteristics of ICI-induced SJS/TEN. Clinical features were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, and multivariable regression models.Results: This study enrolled 41 cases of ICI-induced SJS/TEN and 107 non-ICI-induced cases from January 22, 2015, to May 28, 2024. ICI-induced SJS/TEN patients exhibited a trend towards a longer latency period (β: 17, 95% CI: − 1.49 to 35.48), a smaller affected body surface area (BSA) (β: − 40.68, 95% CI: − 71.59 to − 9.77), and milder oral and ocular mucositis than non-ICI-induced cases. A literature review identified PD-1 inhibitors as the primary ICIs involved and systemic corticosteroids as the most frequent intervention. No statistically significant difference in mortality rate was observed between patients treated with systemic corticosteroids alone and those receiving combination therapies (P= 0.85). The mortality rate for ICI-induced SJS/TEN was 24.5%.Conclusion: This study offered the largest comparative analysis to date, highlighting the unique clinical features of ICI-induced SJS/TEN, including a smaller affected BSA, a prolonged latency period trend, and milder oral and ocular mucositis. We described the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies for ICI-induced SJS/TEN. These findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex immune-inflammatory pathways in severe immune-related cutaneous adverse events (ircAEs) but also may inform the development of more targeted and effective treatments.Keywords: comparative analysis, clinical characteristic, latency period, body surface area, treatment

Rui Gao,1,* Peihong Lin,1,* Wenjing Yang,1,* Zhengyu Fang,1 Chunxiao Gao,1 Bin Cheng,2 Jie Fang,3 Wenying Yu1 1School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315500, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Cheng; Wenying Yu, Email 44418972@qq.com; zjyuwenying@163.comBackground: Genistein (Gen), a natural polyphenolic compound, has emerged as a promising candidate for lung cancer treatment. However, the potential clinical application of Gen is limited due to its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and toxic side effects. To address these challenges, a biomimetic delivery platform with cell membranes derived from natural cells as carrier material was constructed. This innovative approach aims to facilitate targeted drug delivery and solve the problem of biocompatibility of synthetic materials.Methods: First, the liposomes (LPs) loaded with Gen (LPs@Gen) was prepared using the ethanol injection method. Subsequently, PLTM-LPs@Gen was obtained through co-extrusion after mixing platelet membrane (PLTM) and LPs@Gen. Additionally, the biological and physicochemical properties of PLTM-LPs@Gen were investigated. Finally, the targeting ability, therapeutic efficacy, and safety of PLTM-LPs@Gen for lung cancer were evaluated using both a cell model and a tumor-bearing nude mouse model.Results: The optimal preparation ratio for LPs@Gen was Gen: soybean lecithin: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000 (3:30:5:10, mass ratio), while the ideal fusion ratio of LPs@Gen and PLTM was 1:1. The particle size of PLTM-LPs@Gen was 108.33 ± 1.06 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 94.29% and 3.09% respectively. Gen was released continuously and slowly from PLTM-LPs@Gen. Moreover, PLTM-LPs@Gen exhibited good stability within one week. The results of in vitro cellular uptake and in vivo distribution experiments indicated that the carrier material, PLTM-LPs, has the immune escape ability and tumor targeting ability. Consequently, it showed better therapeutic effects than free drugs and traditional LPs in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In addition, safety experiments demonstrated that PLTM-LPs@Gen possesses good biocompatibility.Conclusion: Biomimetic nanomedicine provides a new strategy for the precision treatment of lung cancer in clinical practice.Keywords: bionic technology, platelet membrane, genistein, liposomes, lung cancer, targeted therapy

Shi-Fan Ruan,1– 3,* Xinhong Su,1,2,* Zhixun Xiao,1,2,* Yihua Zhang,1,2,* Tingting Lin,1,2 Renwei Luo,1,2 Niu Xiang,1,2 Bo Cheng,1– 3 Ting Gong,4 Chao Ji1– 3 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 3Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Skin Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 4Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ting Gong, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email gongtingfy@fjmu.edu.cn Chao Ji, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email jichaofy@fjmu.edu.cnPurpose: Recent studies have shown that novel biologics may provide significant clinical benefits for patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Ustekinumab and secukinumab have been approved in Japan for GPP treatment in adult patients. However, the differences in efficacy and safety of these two drugs in GPP are not known.Aim: Based on the genetic background, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab and ustekinumab in patients with GPP.Methods: Patients with moderate to severe GPP who were treated with ustekinumab/secukinumab at our department from July 2019 to May 2022 were included in this study and followed up for 48 weeks. The difference in efficacy between ustekinumab and secukinumab was evaluated by assessing changes in body temperature, laboratory indices, recovery of skin lesions, and changes in quality of life. Additionally, we collected patients’ saliva for genotyping and explored the effect of CARD14 genetic mutations on clinical efficacy.Results: A total of 65 patients (32 adults and 33 children) with moderate to severe GPP were included in this study. 31 patients received ustekinumab therapy, and 34 patients were treated with secukinumab. Secukinumab demonstrated superiority to ustekinumab, as evidenced by a higher GPPASI 90 response at week 2. Additionally, the efficacy of ustekinumab and secukinumab was found to be independent of the presence of the CARD14 mutation.Conclusion: Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in rapidly clearing the skin and improving health-related quality of life. Moreover, the responses to ustekinumab/secukinumab in patients were not influenced by CARD14 gene mutations.Keywords: generalized pustular psoriasis, secukinumab, ustekinumab, clinical efficacy, safety, gene mutations

Min Lin,1,* Ting Gong,2,* Shifan Ruan,1,* Xiaoqing Lv,1 Rongying Chen,1 Xinhong Su,1 Bo Cheng,1 Chao Ji1 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bo Cheng; Chao Ji, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13859024296 ; +86 18651619908, Email bochengg@163.com; jichaofy@fjmu.edu.cnObjective: Anticancer drugs have revolutionized tumor therapy, with cutaneous toxicities such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) being common immune-related adverse events. The debate over the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in treating these conditions persists, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors show promise. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy involving the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab for SJS/TEN induced by anticancer drugs.Methods: A literature review of SJS/TEN cases induced by anticancer drugs from 1992 to 2023 was conducted, alongside an analysis of patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during the same period. Clinical characteristics, skin healing time, mortality, and adverse events were evaluated in two treatment groups: SJS/TEN patients treated with targeted anticancer therapies and immunotherapies.Results: Among the 27 patients studied (18 with SJS or SJS-TEN overlapping and 9 with TEN), combination therapy with adalimumab significantly reduced mucocutaneous reepithelization time and healing duration compared to corticosteroid monotherapy. Patients receiving adalimumab combined with corticosteroids had lower actual mortality rates than those on corticosteroid monotherapy. The combination therapy also showed a trend towards reducing standardized mortality rates based on the Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN).Conclusion: The findings suggest that adalimumab in combination with corticosteroids provides significant clinical benefits and is safer than corticosteroids alone for treating SJS/TEN induced by targeted anticancer therapies and immunotherapies. This study contributes valuable insights into potential treatment strategies for severe cutaneous adverse reactions to anticancer drugs, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors in managing these conditions effectively.Keywords: anti-TNF-α, adalimumab, treatment, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Shaoqi Zong,1,2,* Guokai Huang,1,3,* Bo Pan,1,* Shasha Zhao,4 Changquan Ling,1,3 Binbin Cheng1,3 1Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People’s Republic of China; 3Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Binbin Cheng, Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China, Email cbb8202@smmu.edu.cn Changquan Ling, Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China, Email changquanling@smmu.edu.cnPurpose: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is commonly used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all patients respond to this treatment. TACE typically leads to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we aimed to construct a prognostic model based on hypoxia-related differentially expressed microRNA (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate the potential target mRNAs for predicting TACE response.Methods: The hypoxia-related miRNAs (HRMs) were identified in liver cancer cells, then global test was performed to further select the miRNAs which were associated with recurrence and vascular invasion. A prognostic model was constructed based on multivariate Cox regression analysis; qRT-PCR analysis was used to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC cell lines under hypoxic condition. We further identified the putative target genes of the miRNAs and investigate the relationship between the target genes and TACE response, immune cells infiltration.Results: We established a HRMs prognostic model for HCC patients, containing two miRNAs (miR-638, miR-501-5p), the patients with high-HRMs score showed worse survival in discovery and validation cohort; qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that these two miRNAs are up-regulated in hepatoma cells under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, four putative target genes of these two miRNAs were identified (ADH1B, CTH, FTCD, RCL1), which were significantly associated with TACE response, immune score, immunosuppressive immune cells infiltration, PDCD1 and CTLA4.Conclusion: The HCC-HRMs signature may be utilized as a promising prognostic factor and may have implications for guiding TACE and immune therapy.Keywords: hypoxia, miRNA, signature, hepatocellular carcinoma, prognosis

The growth of Vicker´s cracks during the poling of piezoelectric ceramics was studied for two PZT based compositions with different tetragonal distortion of the perovskite structure. Studies on the two compositions with different poling electric fields and similar initial crack lengths showed that crack growth was not proportional to the induced stress free longitudinal strain by 90º domain reorientation. This observation is not consistent with the previously proposed mechanism of crack growth based on a strain mismatch between the material at the crack flanks and the rest of the ceramic. This mismatch was proposed to occur because of the reduction of the electric field within the crack flanks. The reasons for the disappearance of the mismatch are discussed here, and an alternative mechanism of crack growth consistent with our results is proposed, which takes into account the electrically induced stress gradient at the crack tip, produced by the piezoelectric effect. Cracks were also found to grow during a small number of subsequent polarisation reversals, the explanation of which must be due to some other additional effect.Se ha estudiado el crecimiento de grietas Vicker durante la polarización de cerámicas piezoeléctricas para dos modificaciones del PZT con distinta distorsión tetragonal de la estructura perovskita. Los resultados en función del campo eléctrico de polarización y la longitud inicial de la grieta muestran que el crecimiento no es proporcional a la deformación libre de tensión inducida por orientación de dominios de 90º. Esta observación no es consistente con el mecanismo de crecimiento de grieta propuesto anteriormente, basado en el desajuste de deformación entre el material a los flancos de la grieta y el resto de la cerámica. Este desajuste se producía por la atenuación del campo eléctrico en los flancos de la grieta. Se discute la causa de la desaparición de este desajuste de deformación, y se propone un mecanismo alternativo de crecimiento de grieta consistente con los resultados obtenidos, que tiene en cuenta el gradiente de tensión en la punta producido por el efecto piezoeléctrico. También se ha observado crecimiento de la grieta durante un pequeño número de conmutaciones de la polarización realizadas a continuación del polarizado inicial, fenómeno que debe estar relacionado con algún otro efecto adicional.

Nanoindentation techniques have been used to determine the mechanical properties of two well characterised Pb0.88La0.08TiO3 ferroelectric thin films which have been shown to be promising for MEMs applications. Aceramic with the same nominal composition and the substrate material were also tested as an aid in the interpretation of results. Test routines have been developed using the spherical indentation geometry to distinguish the elastic and permanent deformation of the materials. Mechanical data for different layers in the heterostructure could be determined by using indenters with different radii. The technique provides information on the elastic modulus of the film, the onset and nature of permanent deformation, film delamination and the effects of porosity and residual stress. These techniques open the possibility to characterise fully the mechanical response of a microdevice.Se han usado técnicas de nanoindentación para determinar las propiedades mecánicas de dos láminas delgadas ferroeléctricas de Pb0.88La0.08TiO3 bien caracterizadas y que se han considerado prometedoras para aplicaciones MEMs. También se han realizado medidas en una cerámica con la misma composición nominal y en el sustrato de las láminas como ayuda para la interpretación de los resultados. Se han desarrollado rutinas usando la geometría de indentación con esfera para distinguir las deformaciones elástica y permanente del material. Podría ser posible obtener parámetros mecánicos de las distintas capas de la heteroestructura lámina sustrato mediante el uso de indentadores con radio distinto. La técnica proporciona información sobre el modulo elástico de la lámina, el comienzo y la naturaleza de la deformación permanente, delaminación y el efecto de la porosidad y las tensiones residuales. Estas técnicas abren la posibilidad de caracterizar completamente la respuesta mecánica de un microdispositivo.

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are generally envisioned as immunosuppressive, but in conditions such as rosacea and perioral dermatitis they can lead to increased skin inflammation. In lung epithelia, GCs promote expression of the proinflammatory cytokine CCL20, which contributes to steroid-resistant asthma. In the skin, CCL20 stimulates inflammation by recruiting T helper 17 T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and is elevated in papulopustular rosacea. OBJECTIVES: To understand if, and how, GCs affect CCL20 expression in human keratinocytes. CCL20 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. METHODS: Selective inhibition of candidate genes and signalling pathways was performed using RNA interference and chemical inhibitors. The binding of activated GC receptor to genomic DNA was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and enhancer activity of genomic sequences was measured with a reporter assay. RESULTS: We found that GC treatment increased CCL20 expression in human keratinocytes and murine skin, both in the undisturbed state and with tumour necrosis factor-α stimulation. GC repressed proinflammatory signalling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase, but these inhibitory effects were opposed by the direct binding of activated GC receptor to the CCL20 enhancer, promoting CCL20 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Viewed together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which GCs induce expression of CCL20 in keratinocytes, which may contribute to the inflammation seen in steroid-exacerbated skin conditions.

The recently discovered pressure-induced polymorphic transitions (PIPT) in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have opened an avenue towards understanding the phase stability and achieving atomic structural tuning of HEAs. So far, whether there is any PIPT in the body-centered cubic (bcc) HEAs remains unclear. Here, we studied an ordered bcc-structured (B2 phase) AlCoCrFeNi HEA using in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to 42 GPa and ex situ transmission electron microscopy, a PIPT to a likely-distorted phase was observed. These results highlight the effect of the lattice distortion on the stability of HEAs and extend the polymorphism into ordered bcc-structured HEAs.

Two dimensional inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites (2D perovskites) suffer from not only quantum confinement, but also dielectric confinement, hindering their application perspective in devices involving the conversion of an optical input into current. In this report, we theoretically predict that an extremely low exciton binding energy can be achieved in 2D perovskites by using high dielectric-constant organic components. We demonstrate that in (HOCH2CH2NH3)2PbI4, whose organic material has a high dielectric constant of 37, the dielectric confinement is largely reduced, and the exciton binding energy is 20-times smaller than that in conventional 2D perovskites. As a result, the photo-induced excitons can be thermally dissociated efficiently at room temperature, as clearly indicated from femtosecond transient absorption measurements. In addition, the mobility is largely improved due to the strong screening effect on charge impurities. Such low dielectric-confined 2D perovskites show excellent carrier extraction efficiency, and outstanding humidity resistance compared to conventional 2D perovskites.

Ji C, Zhang Z, Chen L, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:2491–2498. The Editor and Publisher of Drug Design, Development and Therapy are retracting the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the western blot analysis, and it was found that some western blot bands appeared to have been duplicated with those from Zhang Y, Chen C, Jiang Y, et al. PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protects neuroblastoma cells against amyloid-beta (Aβ) induced cell death and neuroinflammation via NF-κB pathway. BMC Neurosci. 2017;18:69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-017-0387-7. Specifically, The western blot image for Figure 3B, A375, IRE1α, appears to have been duplicated with the image for Figure 4a, Nucleus, NF-κB p65 from Zhang et al (2017). The western blot image for Figure 3B, A375, p62, appears to have been duplicated with the image for Figure 4a, Cytoplasm, NF-κB p65 from Zhang et al (2017). The western blot image for Figure 3B, A375, β-actin, appears to have been duplicated with the image for Figure 4a, Cytoplasm, β-actin from Zhang et al (2017). The authors did not respond to our queries and did not provide any original data for their study. As the findings could not be adequately verified the Editor and Publisher made the decision to retract the article and the authors were notified of this. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Xin-Li Xie,* Yan Liu,* Bing Cheng, Xiao-Guang Du, Qiao Ruan, Xing-Min Han Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence: Xing-Min HanDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Of Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 371 66915504Fax +86 371 66913059Email hanxingmin_cn@126.comObjective: The aim of the study was to explore the nature of a V-shaped sign in the backbone of the fifth lumbar vertebra revealed by whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS).Methods: A local single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan plus a computed tomography (CT) scan were performed on 41 patients in our department who had a V-shaped sign in the backbone of the fifth lumbar vertebra detected by WBBS. Image fusion was conducted to understand the manifestations of the changes in the V-shaped sign in the CT images in WBBS and to determine the nature of the lesion.Results: All 41 patients presented with degenerative changes observed in the bilateral posterior zygapophysial joint of the fifth lumbar vertebra in the CT imaging bone window, bone hyperplasia of the articular process, joint surface hardening, and a joint gap. The vacuum sign could also be seen in some of these patients.Conclusion: The typical V-shaped sign in the posterior zygapophysial joint of the fifth lumbar vertebra revealed by WBBS suggests degenerative changes in the zygapophysial joint of the fifth lumbar vertebra.Keywords: lumbar, zygapophysial joints, degeneration, bone radionuclide imaging, MDP, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-CT, diagnosis

Bo Cheng,* Hongsheng Deng,* Yi Zhao,* Feng Zhu, Hengrui Liang, Caichen Li, Ran Zhong, Jianfu Li, Shan Xiong, Zhuxing Chen, Wenhua Liang, Jianxing He Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenhua Liang; Jianxing HeDepartment of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, 151, Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-83337792Fax +86-20-83350363Email liangwh1987@163.com; drjianxing.he@gmail.comAbstract: There are increasing numbers of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) patients in clinical practice, with most lesions presenting as ground-glass opacity (GGO). For SMPLC patients, surgical resection should be a prior option for all lesions suspected of being malignant, if medically and technically feasible. However, it is frequently a dilemma for the management of residual GGO lesions that were unresected simultaneously with the main tumor in SMPLC patients. We report a case of SMPLC, in which the patient underwent surgical resection of the major lesion with EGFR mutation and then received compelling EGFR-TKI treatment for one enlarging residual GGO lesion after 12 months since operation. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature review about the risk for the progress of GGOs unresected simultaneously with the main lesion and the management of these residual GGOs was also summarized. With the treatment of EGFR-TKI gefitinib for 3 months, the biggest residual GGO lesion (more than 10mm) achieved a complete response (CR), three lesions reduced in size, and the other three lesions remained stable in this case. Surgical resection for major lesion and EGFR-TKI treatment on unresected GGOs might bring favorable outcome for patients with EGFR-mutated multifocal lung cancer. This strategy is safe and effective, which could be a promising therapeutic approach for unresectable GGO lesions in EGFR-mutated SMPLC patients after primary surgery. Notably, folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell (FR+-CTC) for therapeutic monitoring was more sensitive for GGO-featured lung adenocarcinoma than serum markers.Keywords: multiple primary lung cancer, ground-glass opacity, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinases inhibitor, folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell, literature review

We show that the surface plasmons of a two-dimensional Dirac metal such as graphene can be reflected by linelike perturbations hosting one-dimensional electron states. The reflection originates from a strong enhancement of the local optical conductivity caused by optical transitions involving these bound states. We propose that the bound states can be systematically created, controlled, and liquidated by an ultranarrow electrostatic gate. Using infrared nanoimaging, we obtain experimental evidence for the locally enhanced conductivity of graphene induced by a carbon nanotube gate, which supports this theoretical concept.

Most studies in the field of CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 have only focused on lung cancer risk; however, the associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and smoking cessation is less understood, particularly in the Chinese male population. In this study, samples from 823 male patients with COPD (non smokers: 416; still smoking: 407) and 435 smoking male healthy control subjects were performed with DNA extraction and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. We studied three SNPS in two genes, namely rs667282 and rs3743073 in CHRNA5-A3 and rs4950 in CHRNB3-A6, and their distributions in the three groups are not statistically different (p >0.05). We grouped COPD patients according to whether they had successfully quit smoking, the CT genotype of rs667282 demonstrated association with an increased rate of successful smoking cessation compared with the TT genotype [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.37-0.7, p 0.05). Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 variation are not associated with the risk of COPD. We found CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 were significantly associated with successful smoking cessation in smoking COPD patients.