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A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of methyl sulfone derivatives via palladium-catalyzed methylsulfonylation of alkyl halides with dimethyl sulfite has been described. A variety of aryl and alkyl iodides underwent the sulfonylation smoothly to furnish methyl sulfites in moderate to excellent yields.

A nickel-catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction of aryl halides to aryl ketones for the formation of benzofuran derivatives has been developed. A number of substrates bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups were subjected to the standard reaction conditions, giving the corresponding products in moderate to good yields.

The Rh-catalyzed direct selective oxidation Heck reaction of benzamides with allylic esters has been developed for the synthesis of amides and isoquinolin-1-ones. According to the functional groups on N-atom, benzamides or isoquinolin-1-ones were synthesized under optimal reaction conditions. The ambient catalytic system has good functional group tolerance, afforded corresponding products in moderate to good yields.

A new and efficient protocol for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing isoquinoline skeletons via copper-catalyzed direct C–H phosphorylation of N-iminoisoquinolinium ylides with H-phosphonates has been described. A variety of N-iminoisoquinolinium ylides reacted under the ligand and oxidant free conditions smoothly to afford phosphorylated isoquinolines in moderate to excellent yields.

In recent years, with the continuous development of life education and school physical education, both of them have been paid more and more attention, and life education has become a new proposition in the development of school physical education. Life education is not only a means of education, but also a people-oriented view of school physical education. There are many problems in the implementation of life education because of the difference between instrumental education and teachers' quality. Based on the concept of life education, this paper tries to analyze the current situation, existing problems and countermeasures of the implementation of life education in Chinese school physical education, so as to explore the value orientation of school physical education reform, which is a very meaningful research topic.

The village sports public service has become the hot topics in the study of sports public services in China and at all levels of government in rural sports development and new thinking in the construction of public service. However, some related concepts of fuzzy, the lack of theoretical system will great obstacles for the village sports public service construction. Based on the theory of logic, for the public service and sports public service and other important concept have carried on the comprehensive analysis, and put forward the concept of village sports public service. Objective to provide theoretical basis for further study, improvement and enhancement of public service function of sports department in China.

A novel and convenient copper(I)-catalyzed thiolation of C–H bonds of pyrroles and indoles is developed for the synthesis of sulfenyl pyrroles and indoles. Dual C–H thiolation reactions are observed for pyrroles. A wide range of pyrroles and indoles undergo the C–H thiolation smoothly with various disulfides and diselenides to generate the corresponding heteroaryl thioethers in moderate to excellent yields.

A novel and convenient tandem reaction of I2-catalzyed C–N bond activation of tertiary amines and subsequent aryl thiolation has been explored. A variety of disulfides and series of tertiary amines were efficiently converted into the corresponding α,α-bis(arylthio) aldehydes in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeded well under transition-metal-free conditions via a C–N activation process.

China is actively promoting the "Internet +" action plan, which will have a profound impact on all walks of life. On the basis of analyzing the development status of China's leisure sports industry, it analyzes the opportunities and challenges brought by "Internet +" to China's leisure sports industry from the perspective of opportunities and innovations, and proposes "Internet +" to promote the transformation of China's leisure sports industry development mode. The path and the construction of a new ecosystem of China's leisure sports industry in the era of "Internet +" will provide a reference for China's leisure sports industry to actively grasp the opportunity of the "Internet +" action plan and seek its own development.

A silver-mediated cascade trifluoromethylthiolation and cyclization has been developed for the synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethylthio)-indenones. A variety of arylpropynones underwent this radical oxidative cyclization with AgSCF3 to afford trifluoromethylthiolated indenones in moderate to excellent yields.

We developed a copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-aminobenzamides with tertiary amines for the formation of quinazolinone derivatives. The strategy includes two steps (cyclization and coupling) performed in one pot. A number of substrates reacted well under standard conditions to give the corresponding quinazolinone derivatives in moderate to good yields.

A new and efficient rhodium/copper-cocatalyzed C–H oxidation reaction of isoquinolinium N-amides has been developed. In the presence of rhodium(II) acetate dimer, copper(II) chloride, a ligand and sodium tert-butoxide, a variety of isoquinolin-1-ones were prepared in moderate to good yields via ortho C–H oxidation.

A methodology of FeBr3-catalyzed tandem reaction of N-propargylamides with disulfides or diselenides for the formation of oxazole derivatives has been developed. The strategy includes several steps in one pot. Series of N-propargylamides and disulfides were suitable as substrates in this transformation for synthesizing the corresponding oxazole derivatives in moderate to good yields.

A new palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbamoylation reaction of isoquinoline N-oxides with formylamides for the synthesis of isoquinoline-1-carboxamides is established. The method represents the first example of the carbamoylation of isoquinoline N-oxides with formylamides to furnish arylamides using the dual C-H oxidation strategy.

Hypertrophic scarring (HS) is a type of fibrosis that occurs in the skin, and is characterized by fibroblast activation and excessive collagen production. However, at present, therapeutic strategies for this condition are ineffective. Previous studies have identified that the mutual regulation of chronic inflammation, mechanical force and fibroblast activation leads to the formation of HS. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are novel bioengineered embryonic-like stem cells, initially created from mouse adult fibroblasts. The current study demonstrated that iPSC-conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) may significantly suppress hypertrophic scar fibroblast activation. It was observed that in the presence of iPSC-CM, the level of collagen I was markedly reduced and α-smooth muscle actin, a marker for myofibroblasts (activated fibroblasts that mediate mechanical force-induced HS formation), exhibited a significantly lower level of expression in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) activated with transforming growth factor-β1. Additionally, iPSC-CM attenuated the local inflammatory cell response by blocking the adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cell monocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, the contractile ability of HDFs may be reduced by iPSC-CM. These observations suggest that iPSC-CM may protect against processes leading to hypertrophic scarring by attenuating fibroblast activation, blocking inflammatory cell recruitment and adhesion and reducing the contractile ability of fibroblasts.

A novel one-pot strategy for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylquinoxalines from N-aryl enamines and nitromethane was developed. The tandem reaction is achieved through nitrosation of alkenes, tautomerization and cyclization, which can be applicable to a wide range of enamines with excellent functional group tolerance and afford quinoxalines in moderate to good yields.

We have explored the feasibility of using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) for constructing muscular tubes of urethra in a bioreactor. With the induction of by 5-azacytidine, ADSCs were found to acquire a myoblast phenotype. Here we seeded ADSCs in a PGA mesh to construct the cell-PGA complex that was cultured statically for 1 week. Afterwards, the cell-PGA complex was subjected to extension stimulation in a bioreactor for 5 weeks. A muscular tube of urethra was formed after 6 weeks. Histological examination showed differentiated ADSCs and collagenous fibers had orientated well. This study demonstrates that tissue engineering of urethra tissues in vitro by using a bioreactor leads to tissue maturation and the differentiation of ADSCs. This novel technique could provide an effective approach for urethra tissue engineering.

NH4PF6 is an inexpensive, safe, and low-toxicity inorganic salt; it was found to promote the cyclodehydration of α-amino carbonyl compounds in the absence of metal reagents. This simple cyclodehydration strategy enables highly atom-economic formation of pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline and indole derivatives, which are significant pharmacophores.

Urethral defects are common and frequent disorders and are difficult to treat. Simple natural or syntheticmaterials do not provide a satisfactory curative solution for long urethral defects, and urethroplasty withlarge areas of autologous tissues is limited and might interfere with wound healing. In this study,adipose-derived stem cells were used. These cells can be derived from a wide range of sources, haveextensive expansion capability, and were combined with oral mucosal epithelial cells to solve theproblem of finding seeding cell sources for producing the tissue-engineered urethras. We also used thesynthetic biodegradable polymer poly-glycolic acid (PGA) as a scaffold material to overcome issues suchas potential pathogen infections derived from natural materials (such as de-vascular stents or animal-derived collagen) and differing diameters. Furthermore, we used a bioreactor to construct a tissue-engineered epithelialemuscular lumen with a double-layer structure (the epithelial lining and themuscle layer). Through these steps, we used an epithelialemuscular lumen built in vitro to repair defectsin a canine urethral defect model (1 cm). Canine urethral reconstruction was successfully achieved basedon image analysis and histological techniques at different time points. This study provides a basis for theclinical application of tissue engineering of an epithelialemuscular lumen. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Correction for ‘Copper-catalyzed direct C–H phosphorylation of N-imino isoquinolinium ylides with H-phosphonates’ by Xin-Chen Zhan et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 1453–1457.

A new method has been developed for the one-pot construction of 2-acylbenzothiazoles via the Cu(OTf) 2 -catalyzed tandem reaction of β,β-dihalidestyrenes with 2,2′-disulfane-diyldianilines. A variety of different dihalidestyrenes and diphenyldisulfanes were efficiently converted into the corresponding 2-acylbenzothiszole derivatives in the presence of Cu(OTf) 2 . Most importantly, this protocol allowed for the long chain 1,1-dibromohept-1-ene to be converted into the corresponding 2-hexylbenzo[ d ]thiazole in moderate yield.

A palladium-catalyzed tandem elimination and annulation reaction has been developed. In this way, a variety of 3-trifluoromethybenzofurans were prepared in moderate to good yields via tandem reaction of β-chloro-β-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with 2-iodophenols and 2-bromophenols.

A palladium-catalyzed tandem Suzuki/C-H arylation reaction of N-aryltrifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides with arylboronic acids has been developed. A variety of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthridines were prepared in moderate to excellent yields from N-(2-bromophenyl)trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides which can be conveniently prepared from 2-bromoaniline derivatives.

A method for the CuBr2-promoted tetrahydrofuranylation of alcohols and 1,3-dione has been developed. A variety of different alcohols were efficiently converted into the corresponding 2-tetrahydrofuran ethers in the presence of CuBr2. It is noteworthy that this protocol also successfully converted 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-dione into the corresponding 2-tetrahydrofuran derivative in good yield.

A palladium-catalyzed tandem carbocyclization–Suzuki coupling is described leading to the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-containing indenes in moderate to good yields. The reactions take place in the presence of palladium(II) acetate, a phosphorus-containing­ ligand [dicyclohexyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine] and potassium carbonate in toluene as the solvent. The process occurs via intramolecular carbocyclization and subsequent Suzuki coupling of the ortho -(2-chlorovinyl)-alkynylbenzenes with arylboronic acids.

A new and efficient rhodium/copper-cocatalyzed C–H oxidation reaction of isoquinolinium N-amides has been developed. In the presence of rhodium(II) acetate dimer, copper(II) chloride, a ligand and sodium tert-butoxide, a variety of isoquinolin-1-ones were prepared in moderate to good yields via ortho C–H oxidation.

A methodology of FeBr3-catalyzed tandem reaction of N-propargylamides with disulfides or diselenides for the formation of oxazole derivatives has been developed. The strategy includes several steps in one pot. Series of N-propargylamides and disulfides were suitable as substrates in this transformation for synthesizing the corresponding oxazole derivatives in moderate to good yields.

A variety of terminal alkenes (I) and (IV) undergo oxidative coupling reaction with various diaryl disulfides (II) to afford the corresponding (E)-vinyl sulfides in moderate to good yields.

A novel palladium-catalyzed CH oxidation of isoquinoline N-oxides has been developed for regioselectively synthesizing substituted isoquinolines. The method represents the first example of using dialkyl sulfoxides as the alkyl sources for the construction of 1-alkylated isoquinolines. Moreover, the regioselective halogenation of isoquinoline N-oxides is also successful using dihalo sulfoxides as the halide sources.

A selective and general route to (E)-1,3-diaryl-prop-1-enes and (E)-3-arylallyl acetates has been developed by palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reactions of allylic esters with arylboronic acids or potassium aryltrifluoroborates. The present method selectively proceeds including β-OAc elimination or β-H elimination on the basis of the boronic acids. Whereas a variety of allylic esters were reacted with arylboronic acids, palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc)2], tetra(n-butyl)ammonium chloride [(n-Bu)4NCl] and postassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) to afford the corresponding diarylation products in moderate to good yields, treatment of allylic esters with potassium aryltrifluoroborates furnished the corresponding monoarylation products.

A novel palladium-catalyzed intramolecular tandem annulation method is presented for the synthesis of 3-[5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepin-11(6H)-ylidene]indolin-2-ones. This method allows the conversion of various 3-[2-(2-iodobenzylamino)aryl]-N-arylpropiolamides to the corresponding 3-[5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepin-11(6H)-ylidene]indolin-2-ones through the diarylation of an alkyne.

An efficient synthesis of N-methyl-3-chalcogeno-indoles has been developed via iodine-mediated electrophilic annulation reactions of 2-alkynylaniline derivatives with disulfides or diselenides. In the presence of iodine and iron, a variety of 2-alkynylanilines selectively underwent the electrophilic annulation with numerous disulfides or diselenides leading to the corresponding 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-selenenylindoles in moderate to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that iron can promote the reaction.

Zn-catalyzed [4 + 2] benzannulation of 2-ethynylbenzaldehydes with alkynes is described for the selective synthesis of naphthalene derivatives. In the presence of ZnCl2, a variety of 2-ethynylbenzaldehydes underwent the [4 + 2] benzannulation reactions with alkynes to selectively afford the corresponding naphthalene derivatives in moderate to good yields.

A two-step, one-pot tandem iodocyclization and trifluoromethylation have been developed. A variety of 3-trifluoromethylbenzofurans were prepared in moderate to good yields via the tandem reaction of 2-alkynylanisoles with elemental iodine and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane.

A novel method for the synthesis of 9-aryl-3a,4-dihydronaphtho[2,3- C]furan-1(3 H)-oneshas been developed by P 4 - T-Bu-catalyzedintramolecular cascade reactions of enynes. In the presence of acatalytic amount of phosphazene P 4 - T-Bubase, a variety of 3-arylallyl 3-arylpropiolates underwent the cascadecyclization reaction smoothly in moderate to excellent yields.

A new, practical route to 1-acyl-2-substituted naphthalenes has been developed by benzoquinone-promoted ZnI 2 -catalyzed benzannulation of 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes with alkenes. This method allows three new bonds, two C=C bonds and one C=O bond, to be constructed in a single reaction.

A simple, versatile new approach to four-membered ring to six-membered ring products has been developed by zinc-catalyzed intramolecular Conia-ene reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with alkynes. This new route allows a wide range of dicarbonyl compounds, including the classically challenging 1,3-diesters and N,N'-disubstituted 1,3-keto amides, to be used for the Conia-ene reaction with inexpensive zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) under neat conditions.

A simple, stereoselective and efficient method for the hydrothiolation of terminal alkynes with diaryl disulfides and diphenyl diselenide has been developed. In the presence of CuI, rongalite, and Cs 2 CO 3 , a variety of disulfides underwent the reaction of terminal alkynes stereoselectively to afford the corresponding ( Z )-1-alkenyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that hydroselenations of 1,2-diphenyldiselane with alkynes are also conducted smoothly to afford ( Z )-1-alkenyl selenides in good yields under the standard conditions.

A novel palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H functionalization protocol for the synthesis of (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl acetates has been developed. In the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and PhI(OAc)2, a variety of N-arylpropiolamides underwent the C-H functionalization reaction with acids to afford the corresponding (E)-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl acetates selectively in moderate to excellent yields.

A novel and general copper/silver catalytic system has been developed for the Conia-ene intramolecular reaction of linear beta-alkynic beta-ketoesters. In the presence of (CuOTf)2.C6H6 and AgSbF6 (or AgOAc), a variety of the linear beta-alkynic beta-ketoesters selectively underwent the Conia-ene intramolecular reaction in moderate to good yields.

A solvent-free copper/iron-catalyzed N-arylation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with trimethoxysilanes method for the formation of C–N bonds has been developed. In the presence of Cu, FeCl3, TBAF, and air, a variety of nitrogen-containing heterocycles including imidazoles and triazoles were coupled with aryltrimethoxysilanes and vinyltrimethoxysilane to afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that the reaction is conducted under solvent-free and relatively low Cu/FeCl3 loadings conditions.

β-Oxo amides were found to be inexpensive and efficient ligands for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. In the presence of palladium(II) acetate and N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide ( L7), a variety of aryl halides, including deactivated aryl chlorides and heteroaryl halides, were successfully coupled to arylboronic acids in moderate to excellent yields providing very high turnover numbers (maximum TON

Pd(MeCN)2Cl2/PCy3 was found to be an efficient catalytic system for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids under solvent‐free conditions. Furthermore, the presence of the conventional solvents had deleterious effect on the reaction. In the presence of Pd(MeCN)2Cl2, PCy3, and TBAF (tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride), a number of aryl chlorides including heteroaryl chlorides were coupled with arylboronic acids or heteroarylboronic acids smoothly to afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.

A simple Cu(OAc) 2 catalyzed Sonogashira coupling protocol is presented. It was found that the couplings of a variety of aryl halides with terminal alkynes were conducted smoothly to afford the corresponding desired products in moderate to excellent yields, using Cu(OAc) 2 as the catalyst and Et 3 N as the solvent.

A copper and iodine-mediated C–H oxidative sulfenylation of olefins with diaryl disulfides has been developed for the stereospecific synthesis of vinyl thioether. With the combination of Cu(OTf)2 and I2, a variety of terminal alkenes underwent oxidative coupling reaction with various diaryl disulfides successfully to afford the corresponding E-vinyl sulfides in moderate to good yields.

The first examples for the carbamoylation of isoquinoline N-oxides with formylamides furnishing isoquinoline-1-carboxamides such as (III) and (V) in moderate to good yields are given.