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Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by chronic hyperglycemia. As the population ages, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the elderly is increasing, leading to a higher incidence of chronic complications, disability, and mortality associated with diabetes. This paper reviews the factors influencing chronic complications in elderly patients with T2DM and examines health behavior assessment tools for this demographic. The objective is to provide a reference for developing and implementing intervention plans and measures to address chronic complications in elderly T2DM patients, ultimately aiming to reduce the occurrence and progression of these complications.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of high fat diet and high fat and high fructose diet on uric acid level and liver and kidney function in hyperuricemia (HUA) rats. [Methods] 24 rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, high-fat diet group and high-fat and high-fructose diet group. All rats were fed with the corresponding diets, except the control group, 500 mg/kg potassium oxazinate and 100 mg/kg adenine per day. After 6 weeks, serum biochemical indexes such as uric acid and creatinine were determined, and pathological examination of kidney and liver was performed. [Results] The uric acid content of control group, model group, high-fat diet group and high-fat high-fructose diet group were 118.10, 319.05, 325.71, 456.10 μmol/L, respectively. The levels of uric acid and creatinine in the high-fat diet group were not significantly different from those in the model group, but the kidney injury and liver fat accumulation were more serious. The uric acid in the high-fat and high-fructose group was significantly higher than that in the model group, and the degree of kidney injury and liver fat accumulation was more serious than that in the model group. [Conclusion] High-fat diet cannot further increase the uric acid content of HUA rats, but can aggravate the liver and kidney damage of HUA rats. High-fat and high-fructose diet will further increase the uric acid content of HUA rats, and aggravate kidney injury and liver fat accumulation. Hyperuricemia group should pay attention to control the intake of dietary fat and fructose.

Potentilla kleiniana belongs to the family Rosaceae, which distributes in Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. In China, this plant is mainly found in east, south and southwest provinces. P. kleiniana has been prescribed for the treatment of various diseases in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cough, fever, tuberculosis, mastitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Our previous study found that P. kleiniana had a certain cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana and their cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40F, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties, NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, all these compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line Hela. The results were as follows: (1) Thirteen lignans were isolated and identified as (+)-pionresinol (1), (+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3), (+)-medioresinol (4), (+)-pionresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), (+)-pinoresinol-8′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), schilignan F (9), (+)-pionresinol-4, 4′-O-bisglucopyranoside (10), (+)-lariciresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), neoolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3,3′-bis［3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran］(13). Among them, compounds 1-4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 were isolated from genus Potentilla for the first time, and compounds 5, 6, 9, 11 were isolated from P. kleiniana for the first time. (2) Cytotoxicity studies showed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 display certain inhibitory activities against Hela cells with IC50 values of (69.94 ± 1.89), (66.25 ± 2.11), (59.81 ± 1.73) μmol·L-1, respectively. Therefore, the study enriches the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana, and provides a material basis for the development of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

Built environments have complex effects on the public's physical and mental health. Revealing the mechanisms and pathways through which the urban built environment influences public health can provide a basis for optimizing built environments. This helps avoid issues, such as environmental pollution, lack of social interaction, and insufficient physical activity, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of public health. Western academia has a more established foundation for research, whereas domestic endeavors are currently in the exploratory phase. A comparative analysis of relevant domestic and international studies can help elucidate the developmental trajectory of research in this field, identify common issues and characteristics, and guide the direction for advancing domestic research. Therefore, based on the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, this study systematically reviewed 658 English and Chinese studies published from 2000 to 2022 in the fields of urban and rural planning, geographic sciences, health medicine, and environmental psychology, focusing on the impact of the built environment on public health. Utilizing "Citespace" software, this study conducted a quantitative analysis and systematic review of the theoretical framework, study topics, and emerging trends in the research. The findings revealed disparities between Western and Chinese academies in terms of theoretical innovation, study groups, and research content. Specifically, international studies have pioneered theoretical perspectives, such as social welfare and environmental justice. Guided by these theories, researchers have explored the mechanisms through which the built environment affects public health in diverse population groups. Although domestic studies exhibit a relative lack of theoretical innovation, their primary focus has been the introduction and empirical application of Western theories in the Chinese context. These studies often concentrate on the transmission paths of the impacts on the older and women groups through static empirical evidence, lacking dynamism in their approaches. Furthermore, drawing upon the previously stated theoretical underpinnings, methodological approach, and research content, this paper summarized the analytical framework of "Built Environment Elements, Mediated Impacts, and Public Health." It meticulously examined the differential effects of three spatial elements—green space, land use, and road traffic—on public health. This study provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved, highlighting the ecological and psychological benefits arising from exposure to and interactions with green spaces. It also analyzes how judiciously designed and compact land use patterns shape travel preferences, reduce travel distances, mitigate reliance on motor vehicles, and enhance the frequency of individual activities. Furthermore, the study outlines the ramifications for optimizing the road network system and transitioning travel modes to ameliorate traffic pollution, alleviate traffic pressure, and mitigate pedestrian injuries, among other variables. The purpose of this study was to systematically comprehend the current status and disparities in domestic and international research concerning the impact of the built environment on public health and to explore a series of health issues triggered by the built environment from the perspective of urban planning, with the hope of promoting health geography in China, offering guidance for future academic directions, and prompting local management authorities to formulate precision policies addressing public health challenges.

[Objective] The influences of plants on reducing ditch erosion and C, N and P loss were studied in order to provide technical support for the prevention of ditch erosion and pollution control. [Methods] The study was conducted on ditches of the Nala River basin in the intensive sugarcane growing area of Southern Subtropical China. Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides, a herbaceous plant) was planted at different vegetation coverage amounts 〔bare ground. vegetation coverage of 0% (BG); somewhat covered, vegetation coverage of 1%—40% (SC); mostly covered, vegetation coverage of 41%—80% (MC); completely covered, vegetation coverage of 81%—100% (CC)〕 in the ditches. Regular field investigation and monitoring of planted ditches were conducted after rainfall events from April to October, and the characteristics of erosion and nutrient loss under different vegetation coverage were quantified. [Results] ① From April to October, the width, erosion amount, and nutrient loss of ditches with different vegetation coverage gradually increased over time. Values for all three parameters followed the same order of BG>SC>MC>CC; ② Compared with BG, the erosion amounts for SC, MC, and CC decreased by 37.01%, 71.60% and 75.04%; C loss decreased by 35.56%, 70.91% and 75.23%; N loss decreased by 35.89%, 71.01% and 74.39%, and P loss decreased by 34.22%, 70.59% and 77.01%, respectively; ③ Correlation analysis showed that the erosion amount for ditches was significantly negatively correlated with vetiver grass coverage and plant root density (p

[Objective] The suitable configuration ratios for contour planting and replanted sugarcane on slopes were determined in order to provide technical support for reducing slope ditch erosion and nutrient loss, improving cultivated land quality and rational sugarcane planting in sugarcane planting area. [Methods] Three configuration ratios (high, medium, and low) for contour planting and replanted sugarcane were evaluated. Slope-gully erosion and nutrient losses were determined by field measurements and laboratory experiments at the growth stages of establishment growth (EG), vegetative growth (VG), grand growth (GG), and ripening growth (RG), and the factors influencing erosion and nutrient loss were determined. [Results] ① During the total growth (TG) of sugarcane, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses caused by gully erosion on slopes planted to sugarcane in the Nala River basin were 31.3—66.3 t/hm2, 39.0—82.5 kg/hm2 and 18.0—38.4 kg/hm2, respectively. ② EG was the main stage of gully erosion and nutrient losses in the Nala River basin, accounting for 47.7%—57.7% of the total erosion and nutrient losses. ③ During TG, gully erosion and associated nutrient losses for higher contour ratios (HC) were 33.03%—35.42% lower than for lower contour ratios (LC) (p

The rapid development of technologies such as big data and cloud computing provides convenience for people’s production and life but also brings hidden dangers for personal privacy. The study clarifies the legal norms and guarantees of personal information protection (privacy) in countries around the world and, on the basis of this law, adopts the key technologies of privacy computation, such as differential privacy, machine learning, and homomorphic encryption to protect the privacy of information data with symmetric encryption, and constructs a privacy protection computational model based on symmetric encryption. To evaluate the efficiency of this paper’s privacy protection computing model, it is necessary to compare its performance with other privacy computing model algorithms. The output of this paper’s privacy-preserving model is stable on the three datasets, DBLP, PUB, and CITESEERX, with minimal result perturbation and good accuracy performance. The accuracy of this paper’s algorithm at θ =0.5 is 99.8% and 96.8%, respectively, and balances the training efficiency and accuracy. The running time of this paper’s model on DBLP and PUB datasets is 47.5 minutes and 39.6 minutes, respectively, which is more efficient. The privacy-preserving computational model in this paper significantly outperforms other algorithms in terms of system throughput and improves the efficiency of the system’s data processing while reducing the consumption and waste of arithmetic resources.

Based on the feasibility of a personalized teaching platform and user requirements, this paper puts forward the overall architecture design and database design scheme of a personalized teaching platform in ideological and political education, which mainly consists of three functional modules, namely, the knowledge mapping module, ideological and political education course recommendation module, and learning effect evaluation module. After crawling the initial data based on the LTP model, the ideological and political education course resources were extracted and integrated to complete the construction of the knowledge graph module. The ideological and political education course recommendation module is created using the KGCNN algorithm, and then the learning effect evaluation module is constructed by combining the online behavior of students. After testing the system’s performance, the application effect of the teaching platform is assessed. The results show that KGCNN aggregation layer space in the interval of 10~100 can embed data with power law distribution more effectively, and the KGCNN algorithm also has certain advantages in the field of modeling personalized teaching platforms for ideological and political education. The number of experimental classes and ordinary classes with final grades in the L1 band increased by 21.90% and 7.17%, respectively, compared to the midterm, indicating that the personalized teaching platform for ideological and political education courses can effectively promote the improvement of student’s academic performance, and the enhancement effect of students with high levels is more significant.

[Objective] The spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon loss from sugarcane in a typical small watershed in the red soil area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were determined, and the spatial and temporal changes of organic carbon from watershed sediment entering the river during different growth periods of sugarcane were analyzed in order to identify the factors influencing soil organic carbon loss under natural rainfall erosion. [Methods] The experimental area was located in the Nala sub-basin of the water source area of Kailan Reservoir at Fusui County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The watershed was divided into the lower sub-basin (S1) and the upper sub-basins (S2 and S3). The organic carbon of incoming sediment and vegetation cover were monitored during four growth periods (seedling, tillering, elongation, and maturity) of sugarcane using UAV technology and an automatic runoff sediment monitoring-sampling system. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between organic carbon of incoming sediment and influencing factors such as rainfall runoff, vegetation cover, and fertilizer application. [Results] ① The organic carbon load of sediment into the river during the seedling stage of sugarcane accounted for 61.1% of the total loss during the entire growing season, and this value was significantly greater than values observed in the other growing periods. Organic carbon load followed the order of seedling stage (5.1 kg/hm2) > maturity stage (1.6 kg/hm2) > elongation stage (1.4 kg/hm2) > tillering stage (0.3 kg/hm2); ② rainfall runoff and vegetation cover were significantly correlated with organic carbon loss from incoming sediment, explaining 45% and 54%, respectively, of the variation in organic carbon loss from incoming sediment during the growing season. Fertilizer application and soil bulk density were significantly correlated with organic carbon loss from incoming sediment in the watershed, explaining 79% and 36%, respectively, of the variation in organic carbon loss from incoming sediment during the growing season. [Conclusion] Studies have shown that organic carbon loss from watershed sediments is mainly influenced by rainfall runoff, vegetation cover, fertilizer application, and soil bulk density. In small watersheds in sugarcane areas, increasing vegetation cover to reduce surface runoff and regulating the timing of fertilizer application can play an important role in reducing soil organic carbon loss.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development, but their functions in energy status remains unclear. Here, we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30 °C/24 °C (day/night) under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes. The results showed that N had the strongest influence on the plant growth and development, followed by P and K. The highest nonstructural carbohydrate content, dry matter weight, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), ATP content, as well as NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N, P and K. The lowest values of these parameters were detected in the N-deficient plants. Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the K-deficient than in the P-deficient treatments, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of respiration rate to Pn between these two treatments, suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result. This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants. We therefore inferred different abilities in energy production efficiency among N, P and K in rice seedlings, which determined rice plant growth and development.

ObjectiveThe prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by body composition-related indicators in the first trimester was analyzed under different body mass index (BMI) values before pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of pregnant women who were treated, had documented data, and received regular perinatal care at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. Women with singleton pregnancies who did not have diabetes before pregnancy were included. In the first trimester (before the 14th week of pregnancy), bioelectric impedance assessment (BIA) was used to analyze body composition-related indicators such as protein levels, mineral levels, fat volume, and the waist-hip fat ratio. The Pearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the linear relationship between the continuous variables and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In the univariate body composition analysis, the association with the risk of developing GDM was included in a multivariate analysis using the relative risk and 95% confidence interval obtained from logarithmic binomial regression, and generalized linear regression was used for multivariate regression analysis. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The optimal cutoff value of each risk factor was calculated according to the Youden Index.ResultsIn a retrospective study consisting of 6698 pregnant women, we collected 1109 cases of gestational diabetes. Total body water (TBW), protein levels, mineral levels, bone mineral content (BMC), body fat mass (BFM), soft lean mass (SLM), fat-free mass (FMM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), percent body fat (PBF), the waist-hip ratio (WHR), the visceral fat level (VFL), and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the normal group (P

Wide-bandgap (wide-E g, ∼1.7 eV or higher) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to the great potential of fabricating high-performance perovskite-based tandem solar cells via combining with low-bandgap absorbers, which is considered promising to exceed the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit. However, inverted wide-E g PSCs with a minimized open-circuit voltage (V oc) loss, which are more suitable to prepare all-perovskite tandem devices, are still lacking study. Here, we report a strategy of adding 1,3,5-tris (bromomethyl) benzene (TBB) into wide-E g perovskite absorber to passivate the perovskite film, leading to an enhanced average V oc. Incorporation of TBB prolongs carrier lifetimes in wide-E g perovskite due to reduction of defects in perovskites and makes a better energy level matching between perovskite absorber and electron transport layer. As a result, we achieve the power conversion efficiency of 17.12% for our inverted TBB-doped PSC with an enhanced V oc of 1.19 V, compared with that (16.14%) for the control one (1.14 V).

MXene as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material exhibits a lot of advantages in nonlinear optics. However, the common MXene, Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx nanosheets, easily suffer from degradation under ambient conditions, greatly limiting their practical applications. Here, we demonstrated one of MXene compounds, V2CTx, which has a strong modulation depth (nearly 50%), can serve as an excellent saturable absorber (SA) in passively mode-locked (PML) fiber lasers. More importantly, 206th harmonic order has been successfully generated in Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser, exhibiting maximum repetition rate of 1.01 GHz and pulse duration of 940 fs, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest harmonic mode-locked fiber laser from the MXene SA so far. In addition, the high harmonic order mode-locked operation can maintain at least 24 h without any noticeable change, suggesting MXene V2CTx nanosheets have excellent stability in this mode-locked fiber laser. It is anticipated that the present work can pave the way to new design for MXene-based heterostructures for high-performance harmonic mode-locked lasers.

Recently, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), as a new type of quantum semiconductor and photoelectrochemical material, are promising candidates in photoelectric sensing, water splitting, and biological imaging and have various potential application prospects. In this work, NGQDs were prepared by a simple calcination method, and then a photoelectrochemical sensing platform based on the NGQDs electrode with superior photoelectrochemical activity was designed and fabricated for the detection of dopamine (DA). Benefitting from the quantum effect and size effect, NGQDs displayed an enhanced photocurrent effective within ultra-low detection limit (0.03 μm), wide detection range (0.03–450 and 450–9680 μm), and high sensitivity in detecting DA with the assistance of ultraviolet light irradiation. The NGQDs electrode also showed continuous and stable photocurrent densities after long-term experiment, indicating the excellent durability of NGQDs for DA detection.

Abstract Backgrounds Although the role of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 in cellular malignant transformation has been elucidated， the function of both genes in cellular homeostasis is still unknown. Autophagy functions in maintenance of cellular homeostasis play a key role in the initiation and development of cancer and infectious disease. Methods Cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki were utilized in this study. Results We found that HPV 16E6/E7 (16E6/E7) downregulation inhibited autophagy, and consequently suppressed cell proliferation and promoted early apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that Atg9B and LAMP1 were downregulated in 16E6/E7 knockdown cells. Gene function experiments revealed that 16E6/E7 downregulation depressed Atg9B and LAMP1, and Atg9B and LAMP1 overexpression compensated, at least partially, autophagy blockage induced by 16E6/E7 knockdown. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that 16E7 interacted with Atg9B and dual‐luciferase reporter system revealed that 16E6 most likely regulated −1750 to −2000 nt in Atg9B and −1800 to −2000 nt in LAMP1 promoter region. Conclusions Our findings verified that 16E6/E7 activated autophagy via accelerating autophagosome formation and degradation, and Atg9B and LAMP1 were involved in the process of 16E6/E7 modulating autophagy, suggesting that targeting autophagy may be a potential approach in cervical cancer therapeutics.

Both vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are effective for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. This study evaluated the utilization of VKA and NOACs in NVAF patients before and after catheter ablation in China. Prescription data were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016, including indication of use, dose, renal function, and risk assessment (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score and HAS-BLED score) in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. Trends and factors associated with anticoagulants use before and after ablation were evaluated. A total of 475 patients with NVAF who received ablation were included in the analysis. Of all, 53.26% of them received antithrombotic therapy preablation. Warfarin was prescribed in 35.26%, with NOACs in 11.37%. Four hundred seventy-three patients received antithrombotic therapy (99.58%) postablation, 236 patients with NOACs (49.68%). CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score, HAS-BLED score, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol were independently associated with anticoagulant utilization before catheter ablation. The higher CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score was associated with less frequent prescription of NOACs postablation. The preablation anticoagulation use was still inadequate in China, and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score was a significant factor influencing the preablation anticoagulant utilization. The utilization rate of NOACs increased significantly postablation, especially for dabigatran, which implied that more physicians prefer to prescribe NOACs for NVAF patients after ablation in our country and may be attributed to the aspects such as ease of NOAC use but also possibly the greater safety and efficacy. Furthermore, the physicians may reluctant to use NOACs for high stroke risk atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation.

Digital filtering technique is of great significance in real-time signal processing and analysis, but the stability, efficiency and flexibility of filter algorithm are important indicators to reflect its application value. In this paper, an adaptive derivative transformation based on Savitzky-Golay filter algorithm was proposed for laser absorption spectroscopy analysis. To demonstrate this analysis algorithm, first-order and second-order derivative spectroscopy are evaluated for the analysis of infrared methane absorption spectra, and compared with the original direct absorption spectral signals. The results indicated that the proposed signal processing algorithm has good performance on noise suppression and spectral resolution improvement, and the 2nd derivative spectroscopy shows better de-noising efficiency.

The semi-coke powder was selected from a factory producing semi-coke with high volatile bituminous coal under medium-low temperature carbonization and pyrolysis.The semi-coke powder was used to conditioning the excess sludge from waste water treatment plant.Based on the physicochemical properties analysis of semi-coke powder，raw sludge and treated sludge by semi-coke powder，concentrating，filtering and dewatering property of sludge was researched through experiments.Meanwhile，the mechanism of conditioning sludge with semi-coke was analyzed by Zeta potential，microscope，infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope.The experimental results showed:when semi-coke dosage was 250%，the specific resistance of filtration decreased significantly from 3.22×1013m/kg(raw sludge)to 4.33 ×1011m/kg，the water content of sludge after concentration was reduced from 98.6%to 91.2%，the settling velocity of sludge obviously accelerated from 3.0 mL/min to 34.3 mL/min，the water content of filter cake was low down from 87.8%to 63.6%，and the low calorific value of sludge increased from 10.68 MJ/kg to 21.77 MJ/kg.The mechanism of semi-coke powder conditioning sewage sludge were adsorption and flocculation abilities to improve the settling performance，skeleton construction forming rigid frame structure with many channels and intervals which could prevent sludge cake compression and maintain high permeability during air-pump filtration，weakening the hydrophilicity and increasing the hydrophobicity of sludge.

Taking the park green space in Weidu District of Xuchang City as the research object, the spatial service area of the park green space under the mode of pedestrian transportation is analyzed by using the grid analysis function of geographic information system (GIS). The results show that under the walking mode in the research area, only less than 1/10 of the residents can walk to the park within 10 minutes, and nearly 1/5 of the residents can enjoy the service function of urban park green space within 20 minutes. Under the walking mode of 30 minutes, the accessibility area of park green space is only 36.63%, which is mainly concentrated in the new urban area. There are many urban parks with large scale. The number of urban parks in the old urban area is small and the accessibility is relatively poor. The research results can provide theoretical basis for optimizing the spatial structure of green space in Weidu District of Xuchang City.