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Abstract The distribution of fracture clearance is an important factor that determines the conductivity of carbonate fractures. In this paper, the morphological analysis of acid fractures and the evaluation of acid fracture conductivity were carried out to test the characteristics of acid fracture clearance and the conductivity of acid fractures under the conditions of different acid rock reaction rates. Combined with the distribution rule of fracture clearance and the calculation formula of acid fracture conductivity under closure stress, the calculation formula of acid fracture conductivity of carbonate rocks is established and verified, and the influence rule of the distribution of fracture clearance on the conductivity of acid fractures is simulated and calculated. The results show that with the increase of the closure pressure, the conductivity of the fracture with a closure pressure of 60 MPa is about 94% lower than that of the fracture with a closure pressure of 10 MPa. The increase in acid dissolution rate is beneficial to improve the fracture conductivity under various closure stresses, and the acid dissolution is beneficial to reduce the influence of the closure stress on the fracture conductivity of acid dissolution. When the confining pressure is 10 MPa, the acid corrosion rate increases from 0.0001 to 0.0004 g/cm2 s, and the conductivity of the acid corrosion fracture increases from 27 to 420 μm2 cm. As the dissolution rate of acid solution increases, the proportion of large clearance on the fracture surface increases, the average value of total clearance increases, and the proportion of contact on the fracture surface decreases.

Cap RNA methylations play important roles in the replication, evasion of host RNA sensor recognition, and pathogenesis. Coronaviruses possess both guanine N7‐ and 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferases (N7‐MTase and 2′‐O‐MTase) encoded by nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16/10 complex, respectively. In this study, we reconstituted the two‐step RNA methylations of N7‐MTase and 2′‐O‐MTase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in vitro and demonstrated its common and different features in comparison with that of SARS‐CoV. We revealed that the nsp16/10 2′‐O‐MTase of SARS‐CoV‐2 has a broader substrate selectivity than the counterpart of SARS‐CoV and can accommodate both unmethylated and uncapped RNA substrates in a sequence‐independent manner. Most intriguingly, the substrate selectivity of nsp16/10 complex is not determined by the apoenzyme of nsp16 MTase but by its cofactor nsp10. These results provide insight into the unique features of SARS‐CoV‐2 MTases and may help develop strategies to precisely intervene in the methylation pathway and pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To propose a sensory evaluation method suitable for Qingzhuan tea, a representative Qingzhuan tea produced in Hubei was soak or spray boiled in order to analyze the effects of different boiling conditions on the sensory quality and the leaching rate of major chemical components of Qingzhuan tea. The sensory quality and chemical components of the tea infusions were compared with those of tea infusion obtained by the brewing method specified in the Chinese national standard. The results showed that the sensory quality of the boiled tea infusion was significantly better than that of the brewed tea infusion; the leaching rates of major quality components such as water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, soluble sugars and tea pigments were much higher in the former than in the latter. From the perspectives of sensory quality and the leaching rate of major quality components, tea infusion prepared by boiling for 2 min with a tea/water ratio of 1:80 and then standing for 2–4 min tasted moderate and had good internal quality. Further correlation analysis showed high correlation coefficients between the leaching rates of soluble sugars, theabrownine and water extract and taste quality. The results of this study provide a reference for the objective evaluation of the sensory quality of Qingzhuan tea and other types of compressed tea.

The study focuses on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a predominant type of lung cancer. Despite advancements in diagnostics and molecular therapies, treatment remains challenging due to its low five-year survival rate. This study aims to investigate the role of the transmembrane protein TMEM164 in ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity in LUAD, and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. Through cellular experiments (such as QPCR, WB, CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, flow cytometry, CO-IP) and animal model experiments (including HE staining and IHC analysis), the relationship between TMEM164 expression and LUAD progression was explored, with particular attention to its mechanisms in ferroptosis and autophagy. The results show that TMEM164 expression is downregulated in LUAD and is associated with poor prognosis. Increasing TMEM164 expression significantly inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting an autophagy process dependent on ATG5 for autophagosome formation, thus facilitating ferroptosis. In mouse models, high TMEM164 expression combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies demonstrated synergistic anti-tumor effects. These findings highlight the critical role of TMEM164 in LUAD, suggesting that modulating TMEM164 expression could open new avenues for LUAD treatment.