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Abstract This paper proposes a deformation evolution and perceptual prediction methodology for additive manufacturing of lightweight composite driven by hybrid digital twins (HDT). In order to improve manufacturing quality of irregular lightweight composite through boosting conceptual design in aeronautic and aerospace engineering, the HDT meaning hybridization of physical and digital domains, including deformation and energy efficiency can be built, where the essential parameters can be perceptually predicted in advance, by virtue of the fusion of physical sensors and digital information. The long short term memory (LSTM) can be employed to void vanishing gradient problem and improve predicting precision via Recurrent Neural Networks, thereby laying a foundation for the HDT. The diverse manufacturing requirements of different regions are integrated into the parameters designing phase by attaching region weights confirmed via empiricism and in-service simulation. The effects of slicing strategy and external support structures on manufacturing quality are considered from the perspective of improving dimensional accuracy. The manufacturing efficiency and comprehensive costs are accounted as consideration factors, which are perceptually predicted via LSTM. The designed manufacturing parameters through HDT were virtually examined by evaluating the deformation and equivalent stress distributions of fabricated lightweight component with composite material through AM process simulation. The physical experiments were conducted to verify the HDT-based pre-designing and optimization method of manufacturing parameters via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The energy consumption of actual manufacturing process was measured via digital power meter and applied to evaluate accuracy of perceptual prediction outcomes. The dimensional accuracy and distortion distribution of the manufactured lightweight prototype made with composite material were measured through the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and 3D optical scanner. The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in improving manufacturing quality and accurately predicting energy consumption, which have been verified with a three-way solenoid valve element, in which the maximum deformation was reduced by 39.78% and the mean absolute percentage error for perceptual prediction was 3.76%.

Abstract With the increasing development of intelligent robots and wearable electronics, the demand for high-performance flexible energy storage devices is drastically increasing. In this study, flexible symmetric microsupercapacitors (MSCs) that could operate in a wide working voltage window were developed by combining laser-direct-writing graphene (LG) electrodes with a phosphoric acid-nonionic surfactant liquid crystal (PA-NI LC) gel electrolyte. To increase the flexibility and enhance the conformal ability of the MSC devices to anisotropic surfaces, after the interdigitated LG formed on the polyimide (PI) film surface, the devices were further transferred onto a flexible, stretchable and transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate; this substrate displayed favorable flexibility and mechanical characteristics in the bending test. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the symmetric MSCs with various electrode widths (300, 400, 500 and 600 μm) were evaluated. The findings revealed that symmetric MSC devices could operate in a large voltage range (0–1.5 V); additionally, the device with a 300 μm electrode width (MSC-300) exhibited the largest areal capacitance of 2.3 mF cm−2 at 0.07 mA cm−2 and an areal (volumetric) energy density of 0.72 μWh cm− 2 (0.36 mWh cm− 3) at 55.07 μW cm−2 (27.54 mW cm−3), along with favorable mechanical and cycling stability. After charging for ~20 s, two MSC-300 devices connected in series could supply energy to a calculator to operate for ~130 s, showing its practical application potential as an energy storage device. Moreover, the device displayed favorable reversibility, stability and durability. After 12 months of aging in air at room temperature, its electrochemical performance was not altered, and after charging-discharging measurements for 5000 cycles at 0.07 mA cm−2, ~93.6% of the areal capacitance was still retained; these results demonstrated its practical long-term application potential as an energy storage device.

Abstract Gene-gene interactions are crucial to the control of sub-cellular processes but our understanding of their stochastic dynamics is hindered by the lack of simulation methods that can accurately and efficiently predict how the distributions of gene product numbers vary across parameter space. To overcome these difficulties, here we present Holimap (high-order linear-mapping approximation), an approach that approximates the protein or mRNA number distributions of a complex gene regulatory network by the distributions of a much simpler reaction system. We demonstrate Holimap’s computational advantages over conventional methods by applying it to predict the stochastic time-dependent dynamics of various gene networks, including transcriptional networks ranging from simple autoregulatory loops to complex randomly connected networks, post-transcriptional networks, and post-translational networks. Holimap is ideally suited to study how the intricate network of gene-gene interactions results in precise coordination and control of gene expression.

Abstract With the rapid development of various fields, including aerospace, industrial measurement and control, and medical monitoring, the need to quantify flow velocity measurements is increasing. It is difficult for traditional flow velocity sensors to fulfill accuracy requirements for velocity measurements due to their small ranges, susceptibility to environmental impacts, and instability. Herein, to optimize sensor performance, a flexible microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal flow sensor is proposed that combines the working principles of thermal loss and thermal temperature difference and utilizes a flexible cavity substrate made of a low-thermal-conductivity polyimide/SiO2 (PI/SiO2) composite porous film to broaden the measurement range and improve the sensitivity. The measurement results show that the maximum measurable flow velocity can reach 30 m/s with a resolution of 5.4 mm/s. The average sensitivities of the sensor are 59.49 mV/(m s−1) in the medium-to-low wind velocity range of 0–2 m/s and 467.31 mV/(m s−1) in the wind velocity range of 2–30 m/s. The sensor proposed in this work can enable new applications of flexible flow sensors and wearable devices.

IntroductionThe deep integration of media technologies into fitness activities in the era of digital intelligence has created a new and evolving landscape for public fitness. This transformation significantly impacts the practices and experiences of fitness.MethodsThis study employs Internet ethnography as a qualitative research methodology, focusing on the daily activities of participants in a digital fitness community known as the K-community. Through immersive observation and analysis, the research seeks to uncover the evolving patterns and characteristics of fitness practices in China during the digital era.ResultsAs media technology and network culture advance, participants in digital fitness increasingly display fragmented, digitized, entertaining, ritualized, and highly socialized behaviors. These traits reflect the community’s desire for varied and complex exercise experiences within the context of modern technology.DiscussionThe evolution of fitness behavior not only reflects the operational principles of contemporary media technologies but also encapsulates the essence of popular culture in the digital age. This study enhances our comprehension of fitness practices in digital environments and their wider cultural ramifications.

Currently, there is a high latency problem in the transmission of video surveillance data in coal mines, and the main cause of video transmission delay is encoding delay. In order to solve the above problems, a intelligent monitoring video transmission method for coal mines based on media supplemental enhancement information(SEI) without video encoding is proposed. This method caches a copy of the compressed video frame obtained by demultiplexing the video stream, and decodes the compressed video frame to obtain the decoded video frame. The method stores the AI model analysis results in the decoded video frame through SEI, writes the custom SEI into the network extraction layer unit corresponding to the compressed video frame copy of the decoded video frame based on the timestamp correspondence. The method multiplexes the compressed video frame copy to achieve real-time transmission of coal mine intelligent monitoring videos. Experimental testing of this method is conducted on a 24 core CPU. The results show that for videos with a resolution of 1280×720, the overall CPU utilization rate for video processing using this method decreases from 24.7% to 36.3% when using traditional methods to 20.3% to 23.9%. The end-to-end delay decreases from 1946 ms to 345 ms. For videos with a resolution of 1920×1080, the overall CPU utilization rate for video processing using this method decreases from 29.2% to 41.8% using traditional methods to 18.5% to 26.3%. The end-to-end latency decreases from 6204 ms to 479 ms. This method reduces the transmission delay of coal mine intelligent monitoring videos by avoiding the video encoding process, saves CPU or GPU resources required for video encoding, and reduces the hardware cost of the intelligent video monitoring system.

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy(PHO) is a rare disease also known as pachydermoperiostosis. We reported a painless case whose diagnosis was confirmed by genetic test. A 24-year-old male presented a series of symptoms that first began at 14. He suffered from progressive clubbed-fingers accompanied by swelling of the wrist and ankle joints. Facial skin concentric thickening and alar nose broadening appeared simultaneously and increased progressively. He was also prone to acne and hyperhidrosis. X-rays showed thickening of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones, as well as symmetrical periosteal ossification of both the tibia and fibula. Clinical diagnosis of PHO is difficult because of the variable features. With acromegaly excluded, the diagnosis was confirmed by a genetic test. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous SLCO2A1 c.611C > T(p.Ser204Lue) and SLCO2A1 c.1602C > A(p.Asn534Lys) mutation from each parent. It suggests that primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy should be considered for young limb hypertrophic patients especially when periosteal thickening signs were showed in X-ray. A confirmatory diagnosis can be made through the genetic test.

Porosity is a key parameter that affects the heat and moisture transfer within a grain pile. In order to investigate the distribution law of porosity in bulk grain piles in grain silos, grain compression experiment was carried out to obtain the porosity of different grain types under different moisture content and vertical pressure conditions. A porosity prediction model for grain cell based on GWO-BP neural network was proposed, and the model was compared with the porosity prediction results of BP neural network model and random forest model. Finally, the generalization ability of the model was verified using the grain cell box test. The results showed that the porosity prediction performance of the GWO-BP neural network model was the best, and the evaluation indexes of the model, including R2 of 0.960 5, RMSE of 0.013 7 and MAE of 0.013 1, were all within the permissible range. This study has provided a neural network prediction method for the determination of grain porosity, which could provide an important foundation for in-depth multi-field coupling analysis of grain piles and theoretical support for safe grain storage.

This experiment established a relative quantitative detection method for bovine derived components in milk powder based on Real time PCR. The specificity, sensitivity, and stability of cattle-specific primers and probes were tested. By simulating mixed samples of cow’s milk powder and horse’s milk powder with different concentrations, linear fitting was performed based on the functional relationship of their △Ct values, and a standard curve was drawn to establish a relative quantitative detection of bovine derived components in milk powder. The results showed that the minimum detection limit of this method was 0.000 01 mg/mL. The recovery rate was 91.11%~119.2%, with an inter group coefficient of variation of ≤0.58% and an intra group coefficient of variation of ≤1.44%. This method is suitable for detecting the adulteration of bovine derived components and content in milk powder in terms of specificity and stability.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been shown to extent lifespans in drosophila and mouse models by affecting metabolic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of TRE on the human immune system, especially on immunosenescence, intestinal microbiome, and metabolism remains unclear. We conducted a 30-day 16:8 TRE single-arm clinical trial with 49 participants. Participants consumed daily meals from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., provided by a nutrition canteen with a balanced, calorie-appropriate nutrition, which is designed by clinical nutritionists (ChiCTR2200058137). We monitored weight changes and weight-related parameters and focused on changes in the frequency of CD4+ senescent T cells, immune repertoire from peripheral blood, as well as serum metabolites and gut microbiota. We found that up to 95.9 % of subjects experienced sustained weight loss after TRE. The frequency of circulating senescent CD4+ T cells was decreased, while the frequency of Th1, Treg, Tfh-like, and B cells was increased. Regarding the immune repertoire, the proportions of T cell receptor alpha and beta chains were increased, whereas B cell receptor kappa and lambda chains were reduced. In addition, a reduced class switch recombination from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to immunoglobulin A (IgA) was observed. TRE upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory and anti-aging serum metabolites named sphingosine-1-phosphate and prostaglandin-1. Additionally, several anti-inflammatory bacteria and probiotics were increased, such as Akkermansia and Rikenellaceae, and the composition of the gut microbiota tended to be “younger”. Overall, TRE showed multiple anti-aging effects, which may help humans maintain a healthy lifestyle to stay “young”. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=159876.

This article summarized the nursing practice of "nurse-family-patient" tripartite coordination course management for a patient with with limb motor dysfunction and numbness in sequela stage of stroke. On the basis of conventional nursing, A tripartite coordination course management team consisting of nurses, family caregivers and patients were established, and a multi-dimensional nursing program including functional exercise, emotion care, sleep intervention and Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing were carried out to improve patient rehabilitation confidence, optimize rehabilitation treatment process, and accelerate the recovery of limb motor function and numbness after stroke. (本文总结1例脑卒中后遗症期一侧肢体运动功能障碍伴麻木患者的“护士-家属-患者”三方协同病程管理及护理体会。在常规护理的基础上, 通过医护、家属、患者三方协同合作, 根据患者的特点, 实施多维度护理干预, 包括功能锻炼、情志护理、睡眠护理、中医护理等, 提高患者康复信心, 优化康复治疗过程, 加速患者脑卒中后肢体运动功能的恢复。)

Doppler Scatterometer (DopScat) is a new tool for sea surface wind and current fields remote sensing with rapid global coverage and wide observation swath. Existing current inversion methods for DopScat are based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and its inversion accuracy cannot meet the requirements of many offshore operations. To improve the accuracy of ocean surface current measurement for DopScat, a method using prior probability distributions extracted from historical current fields is presented. First, according to the temporal correlation of ocean surface current, the minimum root mean square differences of current speed and direction are used to select the historical ocean current data correlated to those of the observation area. Next, a fitting method based on maximum likelihood is employed to fit the selected current speed and direction data to determine their prior probability distributions. Then, the obtained distributions are used to construct the cost functions of the proposed maximum a posteriori (MAP)-based current inversion method. Finally, taking the current result provided by the MLE-based current inversion method as initial guess, the cost functions of the proposed MAP-based method are optimized to obtain the final current field. Validation experiments were conducted using simulated DopScat data based on the current generated by the ocean surface current analyses real-time model, the results show that the biases of the estimated current speed and direction are better than 0.05 m/s and 15$^{\circ }$, respectively. Compared with that of the MLE-based method, the biases are reduced by 0.16 m/s and 9$^{\circ }$, respectively.

AbstractContext Tanshinone IIA is an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) used to treat cardiovascular disorders. It shows potential anticonvulsant and cognition-protective properties.Objective We investigated the mechanism of tanshinone IIA on antiepileptic and cognition-protective effects in the model of epileptic rats.Materials and methods Lithium chloride (LiCl)-pilocarpine-induced epileptic Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 12): control (blank), model, sodium valproate (VPA, 189 mg/kg/d, positive control), tanshinone IIA low dose (TS IIA-L, 10 mg/kg/d), medium dose (TS IIA-M, 20 mg/kg/d) and high dose (TS IIA-H, 30 mg/kg/d). Then, epileptic behavioural observations, Morris water maze test, Timm staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and RT-qPCR were measured.Results Compared with the model group, tanshinone IIA reduced the frequency and severity of seizures, improved cognitive impairment, and inhibited hippocampal mossy fibre sprouting score (TS IIA-M 1.50 ± 0.22, TS IIA-H 1.17 ± 0.31 vs. model 2.83 ± 0.31), as well as improved the ultrastructural disorder. Tanshinone IIA increased levels of synapse-associated proteins synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic dense substance 95 (PSD-95) (SYN: TS IIA 28.82 ± 2.51, 33.18 ± 2.89, 37.29 ± 1.69 vs. model 20.23 ± 3.96; PSD-95: TS IIA 23.10 ± 0.91, 26.82 ± 1.41, 27.00 ± 0.80 vs. model 18.28 ± 1.01).Discussion and conclusions Tanshinone IIA shows antiepileptic and cognitive function-improving effects, primarily via regulating synaptic plasticity. This research generates a theoretical foundation for future research on potential clinical applications for tanshinone IIA.

In experiments, the distributions of mRNA or protein numbers in single cells are often fitted to the random telegraph model which includes synthesis and decay of mRNA or protein, and switching of the gene between active and inactive states. While commonly used, this model does not describe how fluctuations are influenced by crucial biological mechanisms such as feedback regulation, non-exponential gene inactivation durations, and multiple gene activation pathways. Here we investigate the dynamical properties of four relatively complex gene expression models by fitting their steady-state mRNA or protein number distributions to the simple telegraph model. We show that despite the underlying complex biological mechanisms, the telegraph model with three effective parameters can accurately capture the steady-state gene product distributions, as well as the conditional distributions in the active gene state, of the complex models. Some effective parameters are reliable and can reflect realistic dynamic behaviors of the complex models, while others may deviate significantly from their real values in the complex models. The effective parameters can also be applied to characterize the capability for a complex model to exhibit multimodality. Using additional information such as single-cell data at multiple time points, we provide an effective method of distinguishing the complex models from the telegraph model. Furthermore, using measurements under varying experimental conditions, we show that fitting the mRNA or protein number distributions to the telegraph model may even reveal the underlying gene regulation mechanisms of the complex models. The effectiveness of these methods is confirmed by analysis of single-cell data for E. coli and mammalian cells. All these results are robust with respect to cooperative transcriptional regulation and extrinsic noise. In particular, we find that faster relaxation speed to the steady state results in more precise parameter inference under large extrinsic noise.

C9H6Br6, hexagonal, P63/m (no. 176), a = 8.8911(3) Å, c = 10.6847(5) Å, V = 731.48(6) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0441, wRref(F2) = 0.1094, T = 293 K.

Abstract Background Abnormalities in the 5-HT system and synaptic plasticity are hallmark features of schizophrenia. Previous studies suggest that the human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope (ERVWE1) is an influential risk factor for schizophrenia and inversely correlates with 5-HT4 receptor in schizophrenia. To our knowledge, no data describes the effect of ERVWE1 on 5-HT neuronal plasticity. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates gene expression and impacts synaptic plasticity. Our research aims to systematically investigate the effects of ERVWE1 on 5-HT neuronal plasticity through m6A modification in schizophrenia. Results HTR1B, ALKBH5, and Arc exhibited higher levels in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia compared to the controls and showed a strong positive correlation with ERVWE1. Interestingly, HTR1B was also correlated with ALKBH5 and Arc. Further analyses confirmed that ALKBH5 may be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. In vitro studies, we discovered that ERVWE1 enhanced HTR1B expression, thereby activating the ERK-ELK1-Arc pathway and reducing the complexity and spine density of 5-HT neurons. Furthermore, ERVWE1 reduced m6A levels through ALKBH5 demethylation. ERVWE1 induced HTR1B upregulation by improving its mRNA stability in ALKBH5-m6A-dependent epigenetic mechanisms. Importantly, ALKBH5 mediated the observed alterations in 5-HT neuronal plasticity induced by ERVWE1. Conclusions Overall, HTR1B, Arc, and ALKBH5 levels were increased in schizophrenia and positively associated with ERVWE1. Moreover, ALKBH5 was a novel risk gene for schizophrenia. ERVWE1 impaired 5-HT neuronal plasticity in ALKBH5-m6A dependent mechanism by the HTR1B-ERK-ELK1-Arc pathway, which may be an important contributor to aberrant synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia.

The provision of breast milk and breastfeeding is recommended for preterm infants. Multidisciplinary cooperation is required to promote breastfeeding. Nurses play important roles in breastfeeding preterm infants. First, nurses are strong advocates to help families be aware of the significance of breastfeeding. Second, nurses are educators providing technical and emotional support to pregnant and lying-in women. Third, nurses are coordinators in a multidisciplinary team. Nurses’ unawareness of the importance of breastfeeding, knowledge deficit, and unsupportive lactation policy are barriers to breastfeeding promotion for preterm infants. It is therefore suggested that hospital administrators provide appropriate breastfeeding policies, set up posts, and ensure nurses’ responsibilities in breastfeeding. Additionally, tailored training should be strengthened to improve nurses’ knowledge and skills and thereby enable them to fully exert their roles in the breastfeeding promotion of preterm infants.

Abstract Changes in precipitation, temperature and humidity can lead to the weathering of rock masses in grottoes; these changes are common in sandstone grottoes. To simulate this cyclic process, different salt solutions were designed according to the main precipitated components. Sandstone specimens taken from Longshan Grottoes were soaked in these solutions for 48 h and then placed in a simulated environment with temperature and humidity changes for 5 cycles (50 h) to study the effects of hydrochemical, temperature and humidity changes on the sandstone. Physical indexes, such as mass, wave velocity, surface hardness and tensile strength, of the rock samples were measured every three cycles, and the damage characteristics and mechanisms of the sandstone were discussed based on SEM and XRD test results. The results showed that the macroindicators and microstructures of the samples gradually decreased with increasing number of cycles. The physical indexes of the rock samples in different solutions changed at different rates, the changes in surface hardness and tensile strength were consistent, and the responses were less sensitive to deterioration than to longitudinal wave velocity. In different solutions, the microstructures and mineral compositions of the samples showed different trends with increasing number of cycles. This damage was caused by a combination of various actions, such as feldspar dissolution, chemical erosion, water scouring, clay mineral expansion and disintegration, and salt crystallization, which increased the number of pores, enlarged the holes and expanded the cracks inside the rock samples.

Introduction: Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a class of small molecular weight soluble proteins that exist as expanded gene families in all insects, acting as ligand carriers mediating olfaction and other physiological processes. During fungal infection, a subset of insect OBPs were shown to be differentially expressed. Objectives: We tested whether the altered expression of insect OBPs during pathogenic infection plays a role in behavioral or immune interactions between insect hosts and their pathogens. Methods: A wide range of techniques including RNAi-directed knockdown, heterologous protein expression, electrophysiological/behavioral analyses, transcriptomics, gut microbiome analyses, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry ion monitoring, were used to characterize the function of a locust OBP in host behavioral and immune responses. Results: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae produces the volatile compound phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) that causes behavioral avoidance in locusts. This is mediated by the locust odorant binding protein 11 (LmOBP11). Expression of LmOBP11 is induced by M. anisopliae infection and PEA treatment. LmOBP11 participates in insect detection of the fungal-produced PEA and avoidance of PEA-contaminated food, but the upregulation of LmOBP11 upon M. anisopliae infection negatively affects the insect immune responses to ultimately benefit successful mycosis by the pathogen. RNAi knockdown of LmOBP11 increases the production of antimicrobial peptides and enhances locust resistance to M. anisopliae infection, while reducing host antennal electrophysiological responses to PEA and locust avoidance of PEA treated food. Also, transcriptomic and gut microbiome analyses reveal microbiome dysbiosis and changes in host genes involved in behavior and immunity. These results are consistent with the elevated expression of LmOBP11 leading to enhanced volatile detection and suppression of immune responses. Conclusion: These findings suggest a crosstalk between olfaction and immunity, indicating manipulation of host OBPs as a novel target exploited by fungal pathogens to alter immune activation and thus promote the successful infection of the host.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) detection using color Doppler in the four-chamber view (4CV) for identifying atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) during 11–13 + 6 weeks’ gestation. This study compares AVVR detection to conventional 2D ultrasound and investigates associations between AVSD and increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT), as well as additional cardiac, extracardiac, and chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester. Materials and Methods. This prospective study analyzed data from singleton pregnancies diagnosed with AVSD at 11–13 weeks gestation. It included routine ultrasound examinations focusing on fetal anatomy, NT measurement, and blood flow analysis across AVVR using both color and directional power Doppler. Evaluations targeted the 4CV and the three-vessel and trachea views (3VT). Ratios such as LAVV/RAVV and main pulmonary artery-to-aorta (PA/AO) diameter were also calculated. Results. Over three years, 452 fetuses were diagnosed with congenital heart disease in the first trimester, including 25 cases of AVSD (21 complete, 1 partial, and 3 intermediate). Seventeen cases were isolated AVSDs, 13 associated with heterotaxia syndrome, one with tetralogy of Fallot, and two survived. Among these, 92% showed AVVR, 61.54% had NT above the 95th percentile, and 32.0% lacked a nasal bone. AVVR was a more reliable indicator of AVSD than other ultrasonic markers. Conclusion. AVSD exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations. A comprehensive review of both intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies is essential. AVVR detected during NT scanning in the first trimester can confirm the presence of AVSD.

The rapid development of computer science and big data technology, as well as the practical needs of criminal procedure law, provides the possibility and opportunity for mathematical model prediction to intervene in the study of crime sentencing in criminal procedure law. In this paper, we design the legal knowledge base for criminal proceedings with reference to the relevant sentencing standards and sentencing elements in the criminal procedure law. The BERT model mines the key plot elements in the crime instrument, and the Sigmoid activation function is used to classify the key plot elements. Then, a two-layer linear regression model with constraints is introduced to predict the sentencing term of crimes. According to the results of sentencing prediction for crimes with various sentencing terms, the prediction model has a high legal accuracy, with the highest prediction accuracy (0.85) for the 0-3 month type of sentence. It was also found that the prediction model achieved better results in the prediction of sentencing for different types of offenses, with more accurate sentencing for the minor injury type of offenses, with an accuracy rate higher than 0.95. The sentencing prediction model in this paper can assist judges in handling sentencing cases and likewise lay the foundation for intelligent crime sentencing in criminal proceedings.

The steady growth of online education in Chinese higher education, despite its drawbacks, underscores an increasing interest in digital learning platforms. This study proposes enhancements to the Paragraph Vector, Stacking classifiers, and ZEN semantic coders to construct accurate learner profiles, facilitating personalized online education. By applying these improved models, universities can adapt their online courses more effectively, as demonstrated by case study analyses. Performance data for a sample of college students shows a concentration of scores between 80 and 90, with an average of 84.01, suggesting moderate academic achievement. Engagement metrics, particularly in educational experience richness, scored highest at 3.7854, with all engagement scores averaging above 3, indicating a strong engagement in the learning process.

Objective To identify risk factors associated with hypothalamic obesity after craniopharyngioma resection in children. Methods The clinical data as well as imaging and operation details of 34 children with craniopharyngioma who met the inclusion criteria from June 2015 to September 2022 in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected for retrospective analysis. The body mass index (BMI) at last follow-up were recorded to identify hypothalamic obesity, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors. Results A total of 47.06% (16/34) of children experiened hypothalamic symptoms, including obesity and increased appetite, lethargy and mood abnormalities after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that symptomatic endocrine abnormalities (OR = 31.453, 95%CI: 1.009-980.082; P = 0.049) and impairment of the hypothalamus of Puget Ⅱ grade (OR = 48.844, 95%CI: 1.053-2264.975; P = 0.047) were risk factors for postoperative hypothalamic obesity. Conclusions There is a high incidence of hypothalamic obesity after childhood - onset craniopharyngioma resection, symptomatic endocrine abnormalities and impairment of the hypothalamus of Puget Ⅱ grade are risk factors. Early identification of risk factors and early adoption of reasonable and effective interventon measures can improve the long-term quality of life in children.

Background: Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is an element of the effective ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), exhibits a significant therapeutic effect in brain neuroprotection. The focus of this study was the examination of synaptic plasticity of in Mg2+-free-induced epileptic hippocampus neurons and how TSIIA protects against it. Methods: The purity of the primary hippocampal neurons extracted from Sprague Dawley rats was assessed within 24 hours by microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) immunofluorescence staining. A hippocampal neuron model for Mg2+-free-induced spontaneous recurrent epileptiform discharge was developed, five experimental groups were then randomized: blank (Blank), model (Model), TSIIA (TSIIA, 20 µM), LY294002 (LY294002, 25 µM), and TSIIA+LY294002 (TSIIA+LY294002, 20 µM+25 µM). FIJI software was used to examine variations of neurite complexity, total length of hippocampal neurons, number of primary dendrites and density of dendritic spines. Developmental regulation brain protein (Drebrin) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining and the relative expression of phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt)/Akt, BDNF, synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) determined by Western blot. Results: In contrast to the model group, TSIIA drastically reduced damage to synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons caused by epilepsy (p < 0.05). The TSIIA group showed a significant increase in the relative expression of PSD-95, SYN, BDNF, and p-Akt/Akt (p < 0.01). Conclusions: TSIIA was effective in reducing harm to the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons induced by persistent status epilepticus, with the possible mechanism being regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 56 (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF). It acts through its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14). Studies have indicated that TWEAK/Fn14 pathway activation controls multiple cellular responses, including proliferation, angiogenesis and induction of inflammatory cytokines. TWEAK/Fn14 is manifested in many tissues of our body and most importantly in the skin causing inflammation and many autoimmune and neoplastic cutaneous disorders. Evidence suggests that the TWEAK/Fn14 axis, the downstream signalling pathway and its inflammatory molecular expressions are involved in the pathogenesis of many cutaneous disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD) vitiligo and melanoma. So, this literature review describes a brief introduction of TWEAK and TWEAK/Fn14 pathway and summarises the case-series and open-label studies performed in the field of dermatology and its potential therapeutic benefit.

To meet the requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption of portable instruments, a set of lower computer control system of portable quadrupole mass spectrometry was designed. The new control system was developed based on Xilinx spartan-6 series field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. A single FPGA chip was used to replace the cumbersome architecture of traditional multiple chip combinations. The original W5500\MCU\DSP\DDR and other functional chips on the main control circuit board were removed, and the scanning, control, acquisition, storage, data processing, high-speed transmission and other functions realized by these chips were integrated into the same FPGA chip. The control system mainly communicated with the lower computer through the upper computer. The lower computer controlled the DAC voltage to scan the quadrupole, and at the same time linked the 16 bit ADC to collect data. The collected data was processed by some columns of algorithms, and then a large amount of data was accumulated and compressed, stored in the chip. Finally, the whole spectrum data was integrated according to the frame format and uploaded to the upper computer for displaying. The lower computer control system also integrated tuning control, feedback control, high voltage control and other functional modules. The difficulty in the design of the whole system lied in the high utilization of chip resources, which required a reasonable allocation of various chip resources and a balance in performance, speed and area. Compared with the existing miniaturized quadrupole mass spectrometry control system, the new control system not only saved the chip cost on the premise of unchanged function and performance, but also saved about 2.7 W in the power consumption of the master hardware board, which was about 37% of the power consumption of the original board, and reduced about 20 cm2 in the area of the master hardware board, which was about 10% of the area of the original board. The performance of the portable quadrupole mass spectrometer lower computer control system was fully verified by the 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mixed standard test experiment, and was successfully applied in the portable quadrupole mass spectrometer. This design has high technology portability and practical value for similar miniaturized instruments. At this stage of the design, it is not possible to integrate all the functions of the instrument and realize a real single-chip lower computer control system, and the integrated functional modules need to be further optimized. Under the demand of miniaturization and low power consumption of portable instruments, the concept and design of integration will go further and further, and will slowly and truly achieve simple substitution for cumbersome, single substitution for combination, so as to make the concept of portability to the extreme and obtain the maximum value with the least consumption.

Abstract With the increasing demand for multidirectional vibration measurements, traditional triaxial accelerometers cannot achieve vibration measurements with high sensitivity, high natural frequency, and low cross-sensitivity simultaneously. Moreover, for piezoresistive accelerometers, achieving pure axial deformation of the piezoresistive beam can greatly improve performance, but it requires the piezoresistive beam to be located in a specific position, which inevitably makes the design more complex and limits the performance improvement. Here, a monolithically integrated triaxial high-performance accelerometer with pure axial stress piezoresistive beams was designed, fabricated, and tested. By controlling synchronous displacements at both piezoresistive beam ends, the pure axial stress states of the piezoresistive beams could be easily achieved with position independence without tedious calculations. The measurement unit for the z-axis acceleration was innovatively designed as an interlocking proof mass structure to ensure a full Wheatstone bridge for sensitivity improvement. The pure axial stress state of the piezoresistive beams and low cross-sensitivity of all three units were verified by the finite element method (FEM). The triaxial accelerometer was fabricated and tested. Results showing extremely high sensitivities (x axis: 2.43 mV/g/5 V; y axis: 2.44 mv/g/5 V; z axis: 2.41 mV/g/5 V (without amplification by signal conditioning circuit)) and high natural frequencies (x/y axes: 11.4 kHz; z-axis: 13.2 kHz) were obtained. The approach of this paper makes it simple to design and obtain high-performance piezoresistive accelerometers.

The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is involved in seizures. We investigated whether ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the TLR4 gene (shRNA-TLR4) can reduce ischemia-induced seizures in rats with hyperglycemia. A total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) Sham; (2) normal saline (NS); (3) shRNA-TLR4, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4; (4) shRNA-TLR4 + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 followed by ultrasound (US) irradiation; and (5) shRNA-TLR4 + microbubbles (MBs) + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 mixed with MBs followed by US irradiation. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure TLR4-positive cells. Half of the rats in the NS group developed tonic-clonic seizures, and TLR4 expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was increased in these rats. In addition, the NS group showed an increased number of TLR4-positive cells compared with the Sham group, while there was a decreased number of TLR4-positive cells in the shRNA, shRNA + US, and shRNA + MBs + US groups. Our findings indicate that the TLR4 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats and that UTMD technology may be a promising strategy to treat brain diseases.

This study investigated the effects of glucose and osmotic pressure on the proliferation and cell cycle of trophoblast cells. HTR8/SVneo cells were treated with 0 (no glucose), 1 (low glucose), 5 (normal), and 25 mmol/L (high glucose) glucose. In addition, the cells were treated with 5 mmol/L glucose (normal) and 5 mmol/L glucose + 20 mmol/L mannitol (mannitol). The cell morphology and proliferation were determined by microscopy and a cell counting kit-8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. The cell number was relatively decreased and morphological changes were intermediate in the high-glucose group compared with the low-glucose groups. The proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was higher in the low-glucose group than in the other groups, and it was lower in the G1 phase and higher in the S phase in the high-glucose group than in the other groups. Compared with 24 h, cell proliferative activity was restored to a certain extent after 48 h in the high-glucose group. In summary, the blood glucose concentration might influence the proliferation of trophoblast cells. A high-glucose environment inhibited initial cell proliferation, which could be moderately restored after self-regulation. Furthermore, the proliferation of trophoblasts was not affected by the osmotic pressure.

Objective: To find the most suitable cooling rate to meet people's requirements for apple storage quality at low temperature. Methods: The changes of apple tissue and cell structure were observed by low-temperature cold table equipment, and the changes of freezing temperature before and after cooling were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the changing trends of area, roundness, circumference, diameter, deformation, volume and internal pressure were compared and analyzed. Results: With the increase of cooling rate, the freezing temperature and freezing time of apple cells decreased gradually. The morphological parameters of apple cells changed with the increase of cooling rate, and the change trend was the same. Conclusion: The optimum cooling rate of apple cells was 10 ℃/min.

Objective: The quality characteristics of Yangzhou orchid dry were evaluated scientifically. Methods: Using sensory profile analysis, 14 sensory quality descriptors such as golden, oily, fried fragrance and fragrance were obtained from the initial screening by the M value method. Using correlation analysis and principal component analysis to screen out the core evaluation indexes. The entropy weight method was to assign weight to each index. And the grey correlation degree method was to comprehensively evaluate the quality. Results: The results showed that the strong bite, supple, fragrant and oily were identified as the key sensory descriptors for the product and could accurately describe its sensory quality. There were differences in quality of different orchid drys. Three core evaluation indicators of orchid dry were determined by principal component: chewiness, L* and b*. The weight value of chewiness was the highest by the entropy method. The varieties with better comprehensive quality were Sample1. Conclusion: The food quality evaluation system can reflect food quality more comprehensively by using the method of combining subjective evaluation and objective evaluation.

In recent years, with the intensification of global warming, extreme weather has become more frequent, intensifying the uncertainty of new energy output and load power, and seriously affecting the safe operation of power systems. Scene generation is an effective method to solve the uncertainty problem of stochastic planning of integrated systems of new energy generation. Therefore, this paper proposes a scenario generation and scenario reduction model of photovoltaic (PV) output and electric vehicle (EV) load power under extreme weather based on the copula function. Firstly, the non-parametric kernel density estimation method is used to fit a large number of sample data. The kernel density estimation expressions of PV and EV powers under extreme weather conditions are obtained and the corresponding goodness of fit tests are carried out. Then, a variety of joint distribution models based on the copula function are established to judge the goodness of fit of each model, and the optimal copula function is selected as the joint probability distribution function by combining the Kendall and Spearman correlation coefficients of each model. Finally, the optimal copula joint probability distribution is used to generate PV and EV power scenarios. The data of extremely hot weather in a certain province were selected for an example analysis. The results show that the output scenario obtained conforms to the correlation under this extreme weather, and has higher accuracy in reflecting the actual PV output and load power in this province under this extreme weather, which can provide a reference for reliability analyses of power systems and power grid planning.

3D object detection is the core of semantic analysis in 3D urban scenes,but the existing object detection methods mainly focus on large objects such as buildings and roads,while the detection accuracy of these methods for small objects such as street lamps and manhole covers is low.For this sake,a multi-view small object detection method for 3D urban scenes is proposed.It combines the oblique photogrammetry and 3D object localization,to improve the detection accuracy of small objects.Firstly,small objects are detected in the UAV images using a deep neural network.Then,detection results are back projected onto the three-dimensional urban model.Finally,the 3D detection results are obtained by clustering these 3D objects obtained by back projection.Experimental results show that the proposed method can automatically detect small objects such as manhole covers and windows on the large-scale 3D urban model reconstructedby oblique photogrammetry,it is free of spatial occlusion,and has high accuracy and stability compared with object detection on orthophoto maps.

Heterobasidion annosum is one of the most aggressive pathogens of Pinus forests in Europe, causing considerable economic losses. To detect H. annosum for disease diagnosis and control, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA sequences of H. annosum. In our study, this LAMP assay was found to be capable of efficiently amplifying the target gene within 60 min at 63°C. In specificity tests, H. annosum was positively detected, and other species were negative. The detection limit of this assay was found to be 100 pg·μL-1, and the assay was also successfully tested for use with basidiospore suspensions and wood samples. This study provides a rapid method for diagnosing root and butt rot caused by H. annosum, which will be of use in port surveillance of logs imported from Europe.

The inherent short‐term transience of renewable energy sources causes significant challenges for the electricity grids. Energy storage systems that can simultaneously provide high power and high energy efficiency are required to accommodate the intermittent renewables. Herein, an ultrafast and high‐capacity aqueous proton battery is developed based on the organic pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) anode. The co‐insertion of H2O molecules and proton into the PTO organic anode effectively reduces the interfacial resistance between the anode and electrolytes, and achieves an unprecedented rate capability up to 250 C and as short as 7 s per charge/discharge. A PTO‐based full cell exhibits an outstanding power density (>104 W kg−1) comparable to supercapacitors. The full utilization of the four C=O groups in PTO molecule during cycling enables the highest capacity (85 mAh g−1) reported for proton batteries to date. This study represents a significant leap forward in the exploitation of ultrafast electrochemical energy storage and accelerates the development of intermittent grid‐scale energy storage technologies.

Plasmonic structural color, in which vivid colors are generated via resonant nanostructures made of common plasmonic materials, such as noble metals have fueled worldwide interest in backlight-free displays. However, plasmonic colors that were withstanding ultrahigh temperatures without damage remain an unmet challenge due to the low melting point of noble metals. Here, we report the refractory hafnium nitride (HfN) plasmonic crystals that can generate full-visible color with a high image resolution of ∼63,500 dpi while withstanding a high temperature (900 °C). Plasmonic colors that reflect visible light could be attributed to the unique features in plasmonic HfN, a high bulk plasmon frequency of 3.1 eV, whichcould support localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible range. By tuning the wavelength of the LSPR, the reflective optical response can be controlled to generate the colors from blue to red across a wide gamut. The novel refractory plasmonic colors pave the way for emerging applications ranging from reflective displays to solar energy harvesting systems.

With the development of nano molding technology (NMT), the polymer/metal hybrid (PMH) composites have made great progress in industries like automobile, aircraft, and boat. The bonding structure and bonding strength are the key factors ruling the application of PMH. In this work, the PMH containing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and Al alloy was prepared by NMT, and the surface treating of Al alloy and the bonding mechanism of PMH has been studied. The results reveal that the bonding strength between metal and polymer shows dependence on the pore structure of the metal surface, which could be controlled by changing the anodizing voltage and time. The PMH in which the Al plate was anodized at 15 V for 6 h achieves the best bonding strength of 1,543 N. The morphological analysis reveals that there forms an anchor and bolt structure in the interface of PPS and Al plate, which bonds the polymer and metal tightly. In addition, the chemical interaction between PPS and Al was confirmed by attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy, which indicates that both physical and chemical effects contribute to the bonding strength of the PMH. This PMH has great potential of being used as alternative to traditional pure metal components, especially the packing materials of automobiles, electronic products, and furniture.

Light-sheet fluorescent microscopy has become the leading technique for in vivo imaging in the fields of disease, medicine, and cell biology research. However, designing proper illumination for high image resolution and optical sectioning is challenging. Another issue is geometric constraints arising from the multiple bulky components for illumination and detection. Here, we demonstrate that those issues can be well addressed by integrating nanophotonic meta-lens as the illumination component for LSFM. The meta-lens is composed of 800-nm-thick GaN nanostructures and is designed for a light-sheet well-adapted to biological specimens such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). With the meta-lens, the complexity of the LSFM system is significantly reduced, and it is capable of performing multicolor fluorescent imaging of live C. elegans with cellular resolution. Considering the miniature size and plane geometry of the meta-lens, our system enables a new design for LSFM to acquire in vivo images of biological specimens with high resolution.

Summary: The standard model describing the fluctuations of mRNA numbers in single cells is the telegraph model which includes synthesis and degradation of mRNA, and switching of the gene between active and inactive states. While commonly used, this model does not describe how fluctuations are influenced by the cell cycle phase, cellular growth and division, and other crucial aspects of cellular biology. Here, we derive the analytical time-dependent solution of an extended telegraph model that explicitly considers the doubling of gene copy numbers upon DNA replication, dependence of the mRNA synthesis rate on cellular volume, gene dosage compensation, partitioning of molecules during cell division, cell-cycle duration variability, and cell-size control strategies. Based on the time-dependent solution, we obtain the analytical distributions of transcript numbers for lineage and population measurements in steady-state growth and also find a linear relation between the Fano factor of mRNA fluctuations and cell volume fluctuations. We show that generally the lineage and population distributions in steady-state growth cannot be accurately approximated by the steady-state solution of extrinsic noise models, i.e. a telegraph model with parameters drawn from probability distributions. This is because the mRNA lifetime is often not small enough compared to the cell cycle duration to erase the memory of division and replication. Accurate approximations are possible when this memory is weak, e.g. for genes with bursty expression and for which there is sufficient gene dosage compensation when replication occurs.

There is a dilemma of ibuprofen treatment with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as to how and when to treat. We aimed to clarify this issue in very preterm infants (VPIs; < 32 weeks).

Objective: To use data mining and statistical techniques to analyze the characteristics of combination prescriptions and medications used in the treatment of cough by Dr. Zhou Zequan, the famous and experienced chief physician of Chinese medicine in Xiangtan. Methods: The data obtained from patients with cough disease who were treated by Dr. Zhou Zequan were collected from our hospital information system (HIS). These data were analyzed with Excel 2016 and R language software to assess the frequency of drug use, the properties, flavors, and meridian of drugs, and the association rules of the drugs. SPSS v22.0 was used for drug hierarchical clustering analysis. Results: A total of 126 medical cases were included, comprising 100 drug prescriptions and 190 drugs. The drugs that were prescribed with high frequency contained licorice, Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Semen armeniacae amarae, Pericarpium citri reticulatae, and other substances. The flavors of the drugs were mainly bitter, pungent, and sweet; the properties of the drugs were mainly cold and warm; and the target meridians were mainly of the lungs, liver, and spleen. Sixty drug pairs were obtained by correlation analysis, and six new prescriptions were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis. Conclusion: The prescriptions had precise efficacy for coughs. The prescription medication patterns were subjected to data mining technology to discover information related to the treatment of cough at the clinical front line. The new prescriptions that were identified with clustering analysis could be used as alternative prescriptions in hospital preparations.

Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely utilized metal materials. When they are used as surfaces working below 0℃, the anti-icing protection is of great importance for the operation safety of facilities. Two types of aluminum-based anti-icing surfaces were introduced, including superhydrophobic surfaces and organic lubricating layers. First, methods of preparation of micro/nanostructures and surface energy lowering for aluminum-based anti-icing surfaces were discussed, followed by the summarization of their advantages and disadvantages. Then, the characterization of anti-icing performances for aluminum-based surfaces was introduced, including delay of droplets freezing and ice adhesion strength, by which the difference of the anti-icing performance of aluminum-based surfaces can be evaluated. In the end, it was put forward that the future research should be focused on the durability and sustainability of aluminum-based anti-icing surfaces during icing/de-icing cycles.

Objective To systematically evaluate the relation between prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). Methods We searched the literatures about the relation between PNI and the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy published from the inception to January 30, 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Medical Journal Database, and used RevMan5.3 software for Meta analysis. Results We included six literatures which comprise a total of 1273 patients. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between low PNI and OS of BC patients treated with RC (HR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.56-2.56), and there was a significant difference in RFS, PFS and DSS between low PNI and BC patients treated with RC (HR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.51-2.48). In the subgroup analysis, there were statistical differences in PNI and the prognosis of BC patients treated with RC between the Chinese group (HR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.62-2.81) and the Japanese group (HR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.08-2.94), and the PNI cutoff value had a good predictive effect on the prognosis of patients in the range of 46.08-51.30. Conclusion There is a significant relation between the level of PNI and OS of bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. Low PNI can be used as an effective marker to predict the prognosis of patients.