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Yu Chen Xu,1,&ast; Qiu Qin Wang,1,&ast; Meng Yuan Chen,1 Yu Jie Gao,1 Jia Yi Wang,1 Hao Tian Ge,1 Heng Weng,1 Ju Ping Chen,2 Gui Hua Xu1 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215500, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Gui Hua Xu, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China, Email 7115@njucm.edu.cn Ju Ping Chen, Department of Neurology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215500, People’s Republic of China, Email 1523515573@qq.comPurpose: Pain is a common yet undertreated symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study investigated the effect of Gua Sha therapy on pain in patients with PD.Patients and Methods: A total of 56 PD patients with pain were randomized into either the experimental group (n=28), receiving 12 sessions of Gua Sha therapy, or the control group (n=28) without additional treatment. Participants underwent assessment at baseline, after the twelfth invention, and at the 2-month follow-up timepoints. The primary outcome was KPPS and VAS. Secondary outcomes included UPDRS I–III, PDSS-2, HADS, PDQ-39, and blood biomarkers (5-HT, IL-8, IL-10).Results: The experimental group reported a significant improvement in pain severity, motor functions, affective disorder, and sleep quality (P < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing trends in both 5-HT and IL-10, as well as decreasing trends in IL-8 were observed. No serious adverse events occurred.Conclusion: The preliminary findings suggest that Gua Sha therapy may be effective and safe for alleviating pain and improving other disease-related symptoms in PD patients.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, pain, Gua Sha therapy, randomized controlled trial

Xiang Wang,1,&ast; Jing Yu,2,&ast; Chong-Fang Han,3 Jian-Dong He,3 Wen-Qu Yang,3 Qi Wang,1 Jian-Ping Chen1 1Department of Pain Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chong-Fang Han, Department of Anesthesiology Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng street, Xiaodian District Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, People’s Republic of China, Email 2590127710@qq.com; Hanchongfang2003@126.comPurpose: Globally, the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) is increasing, and the resulting zoster-associated pain (ZAP) severely affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, active treatment of ZAP and prevention of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) are very important for patients in the early stage of the disease. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effect of CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with ozone injection on zoster-associated pain.Patients and Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 84 patients with AHN (n=28), SHN (n=32), or PHN (n=24) underwent PRF combined with ozone injection treatment after pharmacologic and conservative therapies failed. The visual analogue scale (VAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pregabalin consumption were recorded at baseline, post-PRF, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The number of remediations performed and adverse reactions were recorded, and treatment inefficiency was calculated using a VAS score greater than 3 as the criterion.Results: The pooled results demonstrated statistically significant decreases in VAS scores, PSQI scores and consumption of pregabalin post-PRF and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up (P< 0.05). Compared with the PHN group, both the AHN and SHN groups showed clinical and statistical improvement in VAS scores and PSQI scores and in consumption of pregabalin (P< 0.05). At 1 year after the operation, the PHN group had a significantly greater number of remediation events and greater treatment inefficiency than the other two groups. No serious adverse events were observed during the procedure or during the follow-up period.Conclusion: CT-guided PRF combined with ozone injection is safe and effective for individuals with ZAP, and its short-term and long-term effects are significant. In a sense, early PRF combined with ozone injection is more effective.Keywords: herpes zoster, zoster-associated pain, postherpetic neuralgia, radiofrequency, ozone

Ming-Ying Lan,1,2 Yen-Bin Hsu,1,2 Ming-Chin Lan,3,4 Jyh-Ping Chen,5– 8 Yu-Jen Lu9 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 2School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 4School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; 5Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 6Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 7Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 8Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; 9Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkuo Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanCorrespondence: Yu-Jen LuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkuo Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanEmail alexlu0416@gmail.comJyh-Ping ChenDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanEmail jpchen@mail.cgu.edu.twIntroduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in southern China and Taiwan, and radiation therapy combined with or without chemotherapy is its mainstay treatment. Although it is highly sensitive to radiotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis remain difficult unsolved problems. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be a promising novel anticancer drug carrier. Here, we present our designed functionalized GO, polyethylene glycol-coated GO (GO-PEG), as a drug carrier, which was loaded with erlotinib and showed promising anticancer effects on NPC cells.Methods: The effects of GO-PEG-erlotinib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells were investigated by WST-8 assay, wound healing assay, and invasion assay, respectively. RNA sequencing was conducted and analyzed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which GO-PEG-erlotinib affects NPC cells.Results: Our results showed that GO-PEG-erlotinib reduced NPC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and also inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells. The RNA sequencing revealed several related molecular mechanisms.Conclusion: GO-PEG-erlotinib effectively suppressed NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, likely by several mechanisms. GO-PEG-erlotinib may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating NPC in the future.Keywords: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, anti-cancer, graphene oxide, erlotinib, drug carrier

This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades.

Cheng-Jie Mao,1 Fen Wang,2 Ju-Ping Chen,3 Ya-Ping Yang,1 Jing Chen,1 Juan-Ying Huang,1 Chun-Feng Liu1,21Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 2Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 3Department of Neurology, Hospital of Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People’s Republic of China Objective: Hyposmia is one of the earliest non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can precede the onset of motor symptoms by years. Most of the current olfactory detection tests are targeted at Western populations. The exact relationship between hyposmia and cognitive impairment is unknown. The purpose of the study was to find bromines that can effectively identify olfactory dysfunction and investigate the relationship between hyposmia and cognitive function in early, non-demented, drug-naïve patients with PD in the People’s Republic of China.Methods: Sixty-three early, non-demented, drug-naïve patients with PD and 55 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The T&T olfactometer and a Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were applied to assess subjects’ olfactory and cognitive functions. Patients with PD also completed the Modified Unified Parkinson’s disease-rating scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale.Results: Patients with PD had lower scores of visuospatial and executive function (p=0.000), attention (p=0.03), and delayed recall (p=0.001) than controls. β-phenylethyl alcohol (floral smell, smell of rose petals) and isovaleric acid (smell of sweat, stuffy socks) were more sensitive for identifying hyposmia in patients with PD than three other odors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that impaired visuospatial and executive function was associated with hyposmia (p=0.013), but was independent of other PD-associated variables.Conclusion: Hyposmia was common in early, non-demented, drug-naïve PD patients. β-Phenylethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid were more superior for identifying hyposmia in early non-demented Chinese patients with PD. Hyposmia was associated with impaired visuospatial and executive function in patients with PD. Further prospective studies that apply a series of neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging methods in large samples in multicenter studies are needed to confirm our findings and to investigate the relationship between hyposmia and cognitive function with disease progression in patients with PD. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, hyposmia, cognitive dysfunction

Guo-Jyun Lai,1,* KT Shalumon,1,* Jyh-Ping Chen1,2 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young’s modulus and ultimate maximum stress. Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Keywords: chitosan, silk fibroin, hydroxyapatite, electrospinning, nanofibers, human bone marrow stem cells, bone tissue engineering

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in B10 and B11. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A≤12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; B10 and B11 were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for Be9, B10, B11, and C12 at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for Be9 and C12, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range A=4-12. This represents important new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei.

Shih-Hsien Chen,1 Chih-Hao Chen,1,2 KT Shalumon,1 Jyh-Ping Chen1,3 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 3Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China Abstract: Peritendinous adhesion is one of the common complications encountered after tendon injury and subsequent surgery, and it can be minimized by introducing a physical barrier between the injured site and the surrounding tissue. An electrospun hyaluronic acid-grafted poly(caprolactone) (PCL-g-HA) nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is proposed as an alternative to current antiadhesion barrier films. HA is covalently grafted to surface-aminolyzed PCL nanofibers, using carbodiimide as the coupling agent. Pristine PCL and PCL-g-HA NFMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. In vitro cell culture with fibroblasts showed that PCL-g-HA NFMs reduced cellular adhesion on the membrane surface while maintaining cell proliferation. Animal experiments using a rabbit flexor digitorum profundus tendon model confirmed the efficacy of PCL-g-HA in reducing peritendinous adhesion, based on gross observation, histology, joint flexion-angle measurements, gliding tests, and biomechanical evaluation. Keywords: peritendinous adhesion, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone, antiadhesion, nanofibrous membranes, barrier film, surface grafting

Jyh-Ping Chen,1 Pei-Ching Yang,1 Yunn-Hwa Ma,2 Su-Ju Tu,3 Yu-Jen Lu1,41Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 3Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaBackground and methods: Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SiO2-MNP) prepared by the sol-gel method was studied as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The nanocarrier consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide core and an SiO2 shell and is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, superconducting quantum interference device, and thermogravimetric analysis. An amine-terminated surface silanizing agent (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was used to functionalize the SiO2 surface, which provides abundant —NH2 functional groups for conjugating with tPA.Results: The optimum drug loading is reached when 0.5 mg/mL tPA is conjugated with 5 mg SiO2-MNP where 94% tPA is attached to the carrier with 86% retention of amidolytic activity and full retention of fibrinolytic activity. In vitro biocompatibility determined by lactate dehydrogenase release and cell proliferation indicated that SiO2-MNP does not elicit cytotoxicity. Hematological analysis of blood samples withdrawn from mice after venous administration indicates that tPA-conjugated SiO2-MNP (SiO2-MNP-tPA) did not alter blood component concentrations. After conjugating to SiO2-MNP, tPA showed enhanced storage stability in buffer and operation stability in whole blood up to 9.5 and 2.8-fold, respectively. Effective thrombolysis with SiO2-MNP-tPA under magnetic guidance is demonstrated in an ex vivo thrombolysis model where 34% and 40% reductions in blood clot lysis time were observed compared with runs without magnetic targeting and with free tPA, respectively, using the same drug dosage. Enhanced penetration of SiO2-MNP-tPA into blood clots under magnetic guidance was confirmed from microcomputed tomography analysis.Conclusion: Biocompatible SiO2-MNP developed in this study will be useful as a magnetic targeting drug carrier to improve clinical thrombolytic therapy.Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, drug delivery, thrombolysis, tissue plasminogen activator, silica

Yu-Jen Lu1,2,#, Hung-Wei Yang1,#, Sheng-Che Hung3, Chiung-Yin Huang2, Shin-Ming Li4, Chen-Chi M Ma4, Pin-Yuan Chen2, Hong-Chieh Tsai2, Kuo-Chen Wei2, Jyh-Ping Chen1 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan#These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), a commercial chemotherapeutic drug for treating malignant brain tumors, has poor thermal stability and a short half-life. Immobilization of BCNU on a nanocarrier might increase the thermal stability of BCNU and extend its half-life.Methods: Nanosized graphene oxide (GO) could be modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA) to improve the aqueous solubility and increase the cell penetration efficacy of the nanocarrier. PAA–GO intended as a drug carrier for BCNU was prepared and characterized in this study. The size and thickness of PAA–GO was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the presence of PAA functional groups was confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. BCNU was conjugated to PAA–GO by covalent binding for specific killing of cancer cells, which could also enhance the thermal stability of the drug.Results: Single layer PAA–GO (about 1.9 nm) with a lateral width as small as 36 nm was successfully prepared. The optimum drug immobilization condition was by reacting 0.5 mg PAA–GO with 0.4 mg BCNU, and the drug-loading capacity and residual drug activity were 198 µg BCNU/mg PAA–GO and 70%, respectively. This nanocarrier significantly prolonged the half-life of bound BCNU from 19 to 43 hours compared with free drug and showed efficient intracellular uptake by GL261 cancer cells. The in vitro anticancer efficacy of PAA–GO–BCNU was demonstrated by a 30% increase in DNA interstrand cross-linking and a 77% decrease in the IC50 value toward GL261 compared with the same dosage of free drug.Conclusion: Nanosized PAA–GO serves as an efficient BCNU nanocarrier by covalent binding. This nanocarrier will be a promising new vehicle for an advanced drug delivery system in cancer therapy.Keywords: graphene oxide, BCNU, glioma cells, drug delivery, thermal stability

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusionsfrom the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 atMIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long RangePlanning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. Themeeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physicssince the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths toobtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research overthe coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physicsopportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) andlonger term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with thefacilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discoverypotential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. ThisWhite Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail theRecommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the TownMeeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progressand accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, byan overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and inrelation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview ofthe physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devotedto the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion.This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCDresearch.

Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as important ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab.

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

In the original PDF online version of this article, the references 22–26 were missing.These are the missing references.

Measurements of elastic electron scattering data within the past decade have highlighted two-photon exchange contributions as a necessary ingredient in theoretical calculations to precisely evaluate hydrogen elastic scattering cross sections. This correction can modify the cross section at the few percent level. In contrast, dispersive effects can cause significantly larger changes from the Born approximation. The purpose of this experiment is to extract the carbon-12 elastic cross section around the first diffraction minimum, where the Born term contributions to the cross section are small to maximize the sensitivity to dispersive effects. The analysis uses the LEDEX data from the high resolution Jefferson Lab Hall A spectrometers to extract the cross sections near the first diffraction minimum of 12C at beam energies of 362 MeV and 685 MeV. The results are in very good agreement with previous world data, although with less precision. The average deviation from a static nuclear charge distribution expected from linear and quadratic fits indicate a 30.6% contribution of dispersive effects to the cross section at 1 GeV. The magnitude of the dispersive effects near the first diffraction minimum of 12C has been confirmed to be large with a strong energy dependence and could account for a large fraction of the magnitude for the observed quenching of the longitudinal nuclear response. These effects could also be important for nuclei radii extracted from parity-violating asymmetries measured near a diffraction minimum.

We report the first measurement of the (e,e′p) reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 (He3), Tritium (H3), and Deuterium (d). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of 40≤pmiss≤550MeV/c, at large momentum transfer (〈Q2〉≈1.9 (GeV/c)2) and xB>1, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for He3/d and H3/d extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum (kF≈250 MeV/c) and differ from each other by ∼20%, while for He3/H3 they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3%. At momenta above kF, the measured He3/H3 ratios differ from the calculation by 20%−50%. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the He3/H3 cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the He3/H3 experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying NN interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the NN interaction.

We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive He4/He3 cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs.

The efficacy of tandem dehydrogenation-condensation catalysts for the upgrade of bio-derived intermediates is largely determined by their relative (de-)hydrogenation and decarbonylation activity. Here, the effects of support and particle size of heterogeneous PdCu alloy catalysts on (de-)hydrogenation and decarbonlylation reactions were investigated using kinetic measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). The chemical mismatch of Cu2+ with Ti4+ and Ca2+ prevents the substitution of Cu into the lattice of TiO2 or hydroxyapatite supports, and facilitates its alloying with Pd, resulting in improved selectivity for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions compared to decarbonylation reactions. Based on kinetic measurements of butyraldehyde reactions over Pd and PdCu/SiO2 model catalysts, decarbonylation activity is attributed to the presence of Pd surface ensembles, while (de-)hydrogenation reactions are catalyzed by PdCu sites on the surface. This is consistent with selectivity and CO coverage trends with increasing conversion, and DFT-based microkinetic modeling. Selectivity control can also be achieved using the PdCu nanocluster size. Smaller nanoparticles favor the C-CO bond scission step of the decarbonylation reaction, due to the stronger binding of CO and alkyl species to sites of lower coordination. CO-induced segregation of reactive Pd atoms to under-coordinated step/edge sites also amplifies the geometric effect on the catalytic behavior.

Future experiments at the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade, in particular, the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID), aim at a very precise data set in the region where the partonic structure of the nucleon is dominated by the valence quarks. One of the main goals is to constrain the quark transversity distributions. We apply recent theoretical advances of the global QCD extraction of the transversity distributions to study the impact of future experimental data from the SoLID experiments. Especially, we develop a simple strategy based on the Hessian matrix analysis that allows one to estimate the uncertainties of the transversity quark distributions and their tensor charges extracted from SoLID data simulation. We find that the SoLID measurements with the proton and the effective neutron targets can improve the precision of the u- and d-quark transversity distributions up to one order of magnitude in the range 0.05

A polarized ep/eA collider (Electron-Ion Collider, or EIC), with polarized proton and light-ion beams and unpolarized heavy-ion beams with a variable center-of-mass energy s∼20 to ∼ 100 GeV (upgradable to ∼ 150 GeV) and a luminosity up to ∼ 10 34 cm-2s-1, would be uniquely suited to address several outstanding questions of Quantum Chromodynamics, and thereby lead to new qualitative and quantitative information on the microscopic structure of hadrons and nuclei. During this meeting at Jefferson Lab we addressed recent theoretical and experimental developments in the spin and the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon (sea quark and gluon spatial distributions, orbital motion, polarization, and their correlations). This mini-review contains a short update on progress in these areas since the EIC White paper (A. Accardi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 268 (2016)).

Herein, we present work on the catalyst development and the kinetics of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) condensation. After examining multiple combinations of metal and basic catalysts reported in the literature, Cu supported on calcined hydrotalcites (HT) was found to be the optimal catalyst for the ABE condensation. This catalyst gave a six-fold increase in reaction rates over previously reported catalysts. Kinetic analysis of the reaction over CuHT and HT revealed that the rate-determining step is the C−H bond activation of alkoxides that are formed from alcohols on the Cu surface. This step is followed by the addition of the resulting aldehydes to an acetone enolate formed by deprotonation of the acetone over basic sites on the HT surface. The presence of alcohols reduces aldol condensation rates, as a result of the coverage of catalytic sites by alkoxides.

We report on new measurements at the resonance at the low momentum transfer region, where the mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing, offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes and for the first time indicate that the Electric and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes converge as. The measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude have been extended to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached, and suggest that more than half of its magnitude is attributed to the mesonic cloud in this region. The new data disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.

Rainfall that reaches the soil surface can rapidly move into deeper layers in the form of bulk flow through the stem-root flow mechanism. This study developed the stem-root flow parameterization scheme and coupled this scheme with the Simplified Simple Biosphere model (SSiB) to analyze its effects on land-Atmospheric interactions. The SSiB model was tested in a single-column mode using the Lien Hua Chih (LHC) measurements conducted in Taiwan and HAPEX-Mobilhy (HAPEX) measurements in France. The results show that stem-root flow generally caused a decrease in soil moisture in the top soil layer and moistened the deeper soil layers. Such soil moisture redistribution results in substantial changes in heat flux exchange between land and atmosphere. In the humid environment at LHC, the stem-root flow effect on transpiration was minimal, and the main influence on energy flux was through reduced soil evaporation that led to higher soil temperature and greater sensible heat flux. In the Mediterranean environment of HAPEX, the stem-root flow substantially affected plant transpiration and soil evaporation, as well as associated changes in canopy and soil temperatures. However, the effect on transpiration could be either positive or negative depending on the relative changes in the soil moisture of the top soil vs. deeper soil layers due to stem-root flow and soil moisture diffusion processes.