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The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Scientific measurement of Agricultural Carbon Emissions (ACE) and its formation mechanism is of great significance for the effective formulation of high-quality agricultural development strategies. Therefore, the objectives were to study the characteristics of ACE, its formation mechanism, and its economic relevance in Chongqing by adopting the IPCC and 1997-2019 data, and with LMDI index and Decoupling index. The empirical analysis shows that the total ACE presents an M-shaped trend of "rising-steady fluctuation-falling". Energy structure, energy intensity, and population size have a negative driving effect on ACE, but economic activity is the main factor. The decoupling elasticity characteristics of ACE and economic growth are mainly weak decoupling and strong decoupling, of which the relationship is significantly coordinate. Therefore, to consolidate and enhance the goal of ACE reduction, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of agricultural low-carbon production technology and promotion. We will continue to deepen supply-side structural reform in agriculture. We will improve the ecological environment in agriculture and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, compact, and tunable lithium niobate (LN) planar waveguide loop structure composed of two Y junction reflectors is proposed for optical and radio frequency signal processing applications. The preliminary device shows a high quality factor of 6.5 x 10(4), due to the low propagation loss of the titanium-diffused LN waveguide. The tunability of the loop by electric field is estimated.

A novel electroabsorption modulator (EAM) using intrastep quantum wells (IQWs) and a single-sided large optical cavity waveguide is demonstrated to operate at up to 100 mW of input optical power. When the IQW EAM with uncoated facets is tested in an analog fiber link, the radio-frequency link gain reaches -16.1 dB at 100-mW optical power. We have measured a single-octave spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 121 dB (.) Hz(4/5) and multioctave SFDR of 110 dB (.) Hz(2/3) for this EAM.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1R agonist) on the lipid, glucose levels, and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The study group was treated with metformin and polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection, while the control group was treated with metformin. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in FPG (Fasting Blood Glucose) and PPG (Post Prandial Glycaemia) levels between the study group and the control group (p>0.05). After a treatment period, the FPG and PPG levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). With the longer treatment time, the patient's weight and BMI were lower (p<0.05). The weight and BMI of patients changed the least after one month of treatment, and the weight and BMI changed the most after more than seven months of treatment. After a period of treatment, the levels of FPG and PPG in the blood of male patients in the study group were significantly lower than those of female patients (p<0.05). After treatment, the TG level of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). In comparison, the HDL-C level was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lipid and glucose levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity have decreased after 12 weeks of polyethylene glycol loxanatide use. The weight of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity has changed after using polyethylene glycol loxenatide for a period of treatment. Among them, there is a certain relationship between body weight and treatment time, gender, and original body weight, which is worthy of further research and promotion in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a combined theoretical, computational, and experimental study of the flow in an adiabatic preswirl rotor-stator system. Preswirl cooling air, supplied through nozzles in the stator, flows radially outward, in the rotating cavity between the rotating disk and a cover-plate attached to it, leaving the system through blade-cooling holes in the disk. An axisymmetric elliptic solver, incorporating the Launder-Sharma low-Reynolds-number k-[Epsilon] turbulence model, is used to compute the flow. An LDA system is used to measure the tangential component of velocity, [V.sub.[Phi]], in the rotating cavity of a purpose-built rotating-disc rig. For rotational Reynolds numbers up to 1.2 x [10.sup.6] and preswirl ratios up to 2.5, agreement between the computed and measured values of [V.sub.[Phi]] is mainly very good, and the results confirm that free-vortex flow occurs in most of the rotating cavity. Computed values of the preswirl effectiveness (or the nondimensional temperature difference between the preswirl and blade-cooling air) agree closely with theoretical values obtained from a thermodynamic analysis of an adiabatic system.

This paper describes a combined experimental and computational study of the heat transfer from an electrically heated disk rotating close to an unheated stator. A radial outflow of cooling air was used to remove heat from the disk, and local Nusselt numbers were measured, using fluxmeters at seven radial locations, for nondimensional flow rates up to [C.sub.w] = 9680 and rotational Reynolds numbers up to [Re.sub.[Phi]] = 1.2 x [10.sup.6]. Computations were carried out using an elliptic solver with a low-Reynolds-number k-E turbulence model, and the agreement between the measured and computed velocities and Nusselt numbers was mainly good.