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Introduction: Ginsenosides (GS) derived from Panax ginseng can regulate protein acetylation to promote mitochondrial function for protecting cardiomyocytes. However, the potential mechanisms of GS for regulating acetylation modification are not yet clear. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of GS in regulating protein acetylation and identify ginsenoside monomer for fighting myocardial ischemia-related diseases. Methods: The 4D-lable free acetylomic analysis was employed to gain the acetylated proteins regulated by GS pretreatment. The co-immunoprecipitation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and mitochondrial respiration measurement were performed to detect the effect of GS or ginsenoside monomer on acetylated protein level and mitochondrial function. RNA sequencing, site-specific mutation, and shRNA interference were used to explore the downstream targets of acetylation modificationby GS. Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasmon resonance were used for identifying the binding of ginsenoside with target protein. Results: In the cardiomyocytes of normal, oxygen glucose deprivation and/or reperfusion conditions, the acetylomic analysis identified that the acetylated levels of spliceosome proteins were inhibited by GS pretreatment and SF3A2 acetylation at lysine 10 (K10) was significantly decreased as a potential target of GS. Ginsenoside Rb2 was identified as one of the active ginsenoside monomers for reducing the acetylation of SF3A2 (K10), which enhanced mitochondrial respiration against myocardial ischemic injury in in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA-seq analysis showed that ginsenoside Rb2 promoted alternative splicing of mitochondrial function-related genes and the level of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fscn1) was obviously upregulated, which was dependent on SF3A2 acetylation. Critically, thermodynamic, kinetic and enzymatic experiments demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb2 directly interacted with p300 for inhibiting its activity. Conclusion: These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying cardiomyocyte protection of ginsenoside Rb2 by inhibiting p300-mediated SF3A2 acteylation for promoting Fscn1 expression, which might be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases.

Abstract Background Halo-pelvic traction (HPT) is acknowledged for enhancing pulmonary function and reducing neurological complications in severe and rigid scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis. While its role in improving coronal balance is established, its impact on sagittal kyphosis remains under-researched. This study aims to assess HPT’s effects on sagittal alignment in these conditions. Methods A retrospective review of 37 patients with severe and rigid scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis was conducted to evaluate HPT’s efficacy. The analysis focused on the impact of HPT on coronal and sagittal parameters, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and complications. Radiographic assessments included main cobb angle in coronal, sagittal major kyphosis. Results HPT was applied for an average of 2.9 months, significantly reducing the primary coronal curve from 127.7°±30.3° to 74.9°±28.3° (P

To explore global trends in corn starch utilization and compare the technological advancements and strategic layouts of major research institutions domestically and internationally, this study aimed to provide references and insights for China in the field of innovative corn starch utilization. Based on the PatSnap global patent database, the study employed bibliometric and visualization methods to analyze global corn starch technology trends from the perspectives of temporal trends, geographical distribution, technological distribution, and research institutions. The results showed that global corn starch utilization technology had matured and stabilized, with applications primarily in food processing and animal feed, and gradually expanding into the fields of pharmaceutical formulations, materials science, microbial culture and fermentation, and genetic engineering. Although China led in the number of patents, there was a significant gap in global strategic layout, technology quality, and industrial development. It was recommended to strengthen the development of core technologies and global strategic layout, enhance the level of industrial development, and increase awareness of intellectual property protection and market competition. These efforts were expected to provide opportunities and development pathways for the high-value utilization of Chinese entire corn starch industry chain.

A digital monitoring system for underground drilling in coal mines has been designed to address issues such as difficulty in measuring borehole bottom engineering parameters, insufficient accuracy and completeness of drilling data, and inadequate application of drilling data fusion. The system consists of a data source layer, a virtual model layer, a data processing layer, and a drilling service layer. The data source layer provides data support for the virtual model layer, which generates new data through simulation analysis and feeds it back to the data source layer. After receiving the data provided by the data source layer and the virtual model layer, the data processing layer performs data cleaning, transformation, and merging processes. The drilling service layer provides data display, query, analysis, alarm and other services to users at different levels through permission settings on the backend data management end. Drilling data is divided into pre drilling data (data obtained based on drilling design information and construction plans before drilling construction), real-time data (including parameters monitored by drilling process equipment and drilling site videos), and delayed data (parameters collected by drilling measurement devices at the bottom of the hole) according to temporal features. A data processing flow is designed for these three types of drilling data, and a system communication network architecture consisting of an access layer, a convergence layer, and a core layer is established. The engineering practice results show that the system has achieved the collection, transmission, display, and dynamic management of underground drilling construction data in coal mines. It meets the needs of monitoring and data management during the drilling construction process, and has good real-time and accuracy. This system provides technical support for intelligent construction and refined management of underground drilling in coal mines.

Abstract Recent studies indicate that Glypican 1 (GPC-1) is aberrantly expressed and plays a key role in certain cancers, but little is known in the hepatocellular carcinoma. Raw data from TCGA, GTEx and TIMER databases were utilized to comprehensively analyze GPC-1 expression landscape in pan-cancer, and the biological function of GPC-1 was investigated in liver cancer cells. The results revealed that GPC-1 is highly expressed in HCC, negatively correlated with survival, and also positively correlated with immune infiltration and clinical stage. Furthermore, GPC-1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the HCC cell lines. WGCNA analysis and HCCDB database revealed that Akt acted as a key molecule related to GPC-1, influencing biological functions and regulating cell malignant behaviors via the AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic role of GPC-1 in HCC, implying that GPC-1 could serve as an innovative therapeutic target.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 32.4% of the global population and poses a significant health concern. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota—including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—in the development and progression of NAFLD. Dysbiosis among gut bacteria alters key biological pathways that contribute to liver fat accumulation and inflammation. The gut virome, comprising bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, significantly shapes microbial community dynamics and impacts host metabolism through complex interactions. Similarly, gut fungi maintain a symbiotic relationship with bacteria; the relationship between gut fungi and bacteria is crucial for overall host health, with certain fungal species such as Candida in NAFLD patients showing detrimental associations with metabolic markers and liver function. Additionally, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced exposure to gut parasites may affect immune regulation and metabolic processes, potentially influencing conditions like obesity and insulin resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interactions within the gut microbiota and their associations with NAFLD. We highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these microbial communities through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Addressing the complexities of NAFLD requires comprehensive strategies that consider the multifaceted roles of gut microorganisms in disease pathology.

Abstract With the gradual attention of global climate change, a series of carbon emission plans have been formally implemented in the field of energy. There is a consistent relationship between the carbon market and the electricity market in promoting clean energy development and improving carbon dioxide emission reduction targets. The market design of a low‐carbon power system should be considered as a whole to promote the coordinated development of carbon and power markets. Taking an industrial park in China as the research object, an internal market trading model of an industrial park considering carbon dioxide emission reduction targets is proposed. The proposed trading mechanism considers both carbon dioxide emission reduction targets and social welfare maximization. The proposed market trading model connects day‐ahead and intraday electricity markets, which deal with uncertainty about renewable energy sources.

Abstract Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered as a useful biomarker for early cancer diagnosis, which play a crucial role in metastatic process. Unfortunately, the tumor heterogeneity and extremely rare occurrence rate of CTCs among billions of interfering leukocytes seriously hamper the sensitivity and purity of CTCs isolation. Methods To address these, we firstly used microfluidic chips to detect the broad-spectrum of triple target combination biomarkers in CTCs of 10 types of cancer patients, including EpCAM, EGFR and Her2. Then, we constructed hybrid engineered cell membrane-camouflaged magnetic nanoparticles (HE-CM-MNs) for efficient capture of heterogeneous CTCs with high-purity, which was enabled by inheriting the recognition ability of HE-CM for various CTCs and reducing homologous cell interaction with leukocytes. Compared with single E-CM-MNs, HE-CM-MNs showed a significant improvement in the capture efficiency for a cell mixture, with an efficiency of 90%. And the capture efficiency of HE-CM-MNs toward 12 subpopulations of tumor cells was ranged from 70 to 85%. Furthermore, by using HE-CM-MNs, we successfully isolated heterogeneous CTCs with high purity from clinical blood samples. Finally, the captured CTCs by HE-CM-MNs could be used for gene mutation analysis. Conclusions This study demonstrated the promising potential of HE-CM-MNs for heterogeneous CTCs detection and downstream analysis. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background To explore the safety and effectiveness of personalized exercise intervention during chemotherapy for lung cancer patients who were relatively weak and with compromised cardiopulmonary function. Methods Thirty‐eight lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy at Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled in this prospective study. The exercise group (N = 21) received individualized exercise guidance based on personal test results and exercised regularly, while the control group (N = 17) only received exercise education and planed exercise methods according to their own preferences. Both groups underwent three fitness tests and clinical indicator assessments at 0, 6, and 12 weeks after starting the exercise, and the differences in trends of various indicators between the two groups were compared. Results No exercise‐related adverse events occurred during the 12‐week exercise period. After 12 weeks of exercise training, in terms of fitness, the exercise group showed significant improvements in 6‐min walk test (6MWT) (p

Abnormalities in sleep patterns are a common health problem for the older adults. The relationship between sarcopenia and sleep duration in older people is controversial. This research is to examine the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia.

Bitterness is a key factor that affects the consumption of quinoa products, even if they are nutritious. In this study, a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS was applied to comprehensively profile the characteristic metabolites of twenty-two quinoas. A total of twenty key metabolites were identified correlated with bitterness, among which, fifteen were triterpenoid saponins. In addition, these metabolites bind to the active site of the human bitter taste receptor and are the main compounds that produce the bitter taste of quinoa. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the origin of quinoa bitterness and provide directions for optimizing its flavor to improve market acceptance.

This study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro cell-based assay to measure the activity of teriparatide (PTH1–34). In this study, a rat osteosarcoma cell line (UMR-106) was treated with various concentrations of PTH1–34, and the biological activity of PTH1–34 was determined by quantitatively measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. A four-parameter fitting analysis was used to calculate the relative potency of the samples. The experimental conditions were optimized. The method's specificity, relative accuracy, precision, and linearity were validated. Our data suggested that this method had good specificity, a relative bias of relative accuracy ranging from −0.8 to 1.4%, a correlation coefficient for the linear regression equation of 0.9953, a geometric coefficient of variation for intermediate precision ranges from 2.0 to 3.5%, and a linear range of 50 to 150%. This method significantly improves the quality control and release inspection efficiency of PTH1–34 and may be further developed and validated as an alternative to the existing United States Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopoeia inclusion methods. This method also provides a platform for the high-throughput screening of PTH1–34 analogs.

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, remains an important public health problem. Although there are various methods for diagnosing schistosomiasis, many limitations still exist. Early diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis can significantly improve survival and prognosis of patients. Methodology Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA has been widely used in the diagnosis of various diseases. In our study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of circulating cfDNA for schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum. We focused on the tandem sequences and mitochondrial genes of S. japonicum to identify highly sensitive and specific targets for diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. Results Through data screening and analysis, we ultimately identified four specific tandem sequences (TD-1, TD-2, TD-3. and TD-4) and six mitochondrial genes (COX1(1), COX1(2), CYTB, ATP6, COX3, and ND5). We designed specific primers to detect the amount of circulating cfDNA in S. japonicum-infected mouse and chronic schistosomiasis patients. Our results showed that the number of tandem sequences was significantly higher than that of the mitochondrial genes. A S. japonicum infection model in mice suggested that infection of S. japonicum can be diagnosed by detecting circulating cfDNA as early as the first week. We measured the expression levels of circulating cfDNA (TD-1, TD-2, and TD-3) at different time points and found that TD-3 expression was significantly higher than that of TD-1 or TD-2. We also infected mice with different quantities of cercariae (20 s and 80 s). The level of cfDNA (TD-3) in the 80 s infection group was significantly higher than in the 20 s infection group. Additionally, cfDNA (TD-3) levels increased after egg deposition. Meanwhile, we tested 42 patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica and circulating cfDNA (TD-3) was detected in nine patients. Conclusions We have screened highly sensitive targets for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica, and the detection of circulating cfDNA is a rapid and effective method for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. The levels of cfDNA is correlated with cercariae infection severity. Early detection and diagnosis of schistosomiasis is crucial for patient treatment and improving prognosis. Graphical Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of plasma troponin I concentration and establish the 99th percentile reference for hs-cTnI in a hospitalized population without a cardiovascular discharge diagnosis from the Shandong area.

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure reconstruction is a key approach to exploring the relationship between pore characteristics and physical properties. Viewing the training image as a prior model, multiple-point statistics (MPS) focus on reproducing spatial patterns in the simulation grid. However, it is challenging to efficiently generate 3D nonstationary models with varying microstructures. In this work, we propose column-oriented simulation (ColSIM) to achieve the stochastic reconstruction of 3D porous media. A heterogeneous system is understood as a spatially evolving process that consists of frequent transitions of small magnitude and abrupt changes of large magnitude. First, a training image selection step is suggested to find representative microstructures. Our program applies modified Hausdorff distance, t-distributed stochastic neighboring embedding, and spectral clustering to organize two-dimensional (2D) candidate images. The medoid of each group is applied to guide the following programs. Second, we introduce column-oriented searching into MPS. To save simulation time, a subset of conditioning points is checked to find desired instances. Our program suggests an early stopping strategy to address complex microstructures. Third, a contrastive loss term is designed to create 3D models from 2D slice. To automatically calibrate the volume fraction and simplify parameter specification, the computer consistently monitors the difference between the present model and the target. The performance of ColSIM is examined by 3D multiphase material modeling and 3D heterogeneous shale simulation. To achieve quantitative evaluation, we compute various statistical functions and physical descriptors on simulated realizations. The proposed ColSIM exhibits competitive performance in terms of calculation efficiency, microstructure reproduction, and spatial uncertainty.

Previous studies have shown that beta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied at the M1 hotspot can modulate corticospinal excitability. However, it remains controversial whether tACS can influence motor unit activities at the spinal cord level. This study aims to compare the efficacy of applying tACS over the hotspot versus the conventional C3 site on motor unit activities and subsequent behavioral changes. This study used a randomized crossover trial design, where fifteen healthy participants performed a paced ball-squeezing exercise while receiving high-definition tACS (HD-tACS) at 21 Hz and 2 mA for 20 min. HD-tACS targeted either the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) hotspot or the C3 site, with the order of stimulation randomized for each participant and a 1-week washout period between sessions. Motor unit activities were recorded from the FDS. HD-tACS intervention significantly reduced the variability of motor unit firing rates and increased force variability during isometric force production. The significant modulation effects were seen only when the intervention was applied at the hotspot, but not at the C3 site. Our findings demonstrate that HD-tACS significantly modulates motor unit activities and force variability. The results indicate that cortical-level entrainment by tACS can lead to the modulation of spinal motor neuron activities. Additionally, this study provides further evidence that the C3 site may not be the optimal target for tACS intervention for hand muscles, highlighting the need for personalized neuromodulation strategies.

Alternative splicing (AS) is a prevalent post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes and plays a crucial role in plant disease resistance. Here, we used the Illumina Novaseq sequencing platform to conduct transcriptome sequencing on canola (Brassica napus) leaves infected with the blackleg pathogen (Leptosphaeria biglobosa strain nm−1) at 0 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h post-inoculation to investigate the mechanism of AS coordination with transcriptional regulation in canola’s response to blackleg disease. The rMATS software (4.1.0) was employed to analyze different AS events in samples taken at 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to elucidate the biological functions of differentially spliced genes at various time points, while Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key modules and hub genes. As a result, our analysis reveals 16908 AS events across three time points, with 221 being differently spliced. Intron retention (RI) was the most common AS event, accounting for approximately 55% of all events, while alternative 5′ splice site events were least common, comprising only 2%. Furthermore, a total of 213 significantly differentially spliced genes were identified, which were enriched in functions related to protein kinase activity, transferase activity, and pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway—plant and plant hormone signal transduction. WGCNA identified three key modules and ten hub genes, including calcium-binding transcription activator 1, LRR class receptor serine/threonine protein kinase FEI 2, PLATZ transcription factor family proteins, serine/threonine protein kinase PRP4, and E3 ubiquitin ligase SUD1, all of which are associated with canola resistance to L. biglobosa. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for identifying disease-resistance genes involved in AS and for exploring the functions of AS gene isoforms in canola.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, tissue Fe content, gene expression related to inflammation, and the TOR pathway in juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Four isonitrogenous (47.0% protein) and isolipidic (9.0% lipid) diets were formulated to contain different levels of SDBM, with FM replaced by SDBM at 0, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The results showed that crabs fed diet SDBM30 exhibited the lowest survival among all treatments, and crabs fed the SDBM20 diet had the highest final weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency among all treatments. In addition, the protein content of the crab hepatopancreas decreased significantly and the lipid content increased significantly as SDBM replaced FM in the diets. Compared to other diets, crabs fed the SDBM30 diet had the lowest activities of antioxidant enzymes and the highest concentration of malondialdehyde in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. The Fe contents in hepatopancreas and gill increased significantly, and the color of the hepatopancreas got darker as replacement of FM with SDBM increased from 0% to 30%. The expression of genes related to TOR (tor, akt, s6, and s6k1) and antioxidant (gpx) pathways in the hepatopancreas were down-regulated significantly with increased replacement of dietary FM with SDBM. In contrast, expression levels of genes related to protein translation (4ebp1, eif4e1a, eif4e2, and eif4e3) and inflammation pathways (myd88, traf6, relish, and irak4) were up-regulated significantly in crabs fed diets with SDBM supplementation. In summary, replacing FM with less than 20% of SDBM can promote the growth, but can darken the hepatopancreas, negatively affect antioxidant capacity, and induce an inflammatory response.

Summary: The 2022 mpox outbreak led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). There is a need to develop more effective and safer mpox virus (MPXV)-specific vaccines in response to the mpox epidemic. The mRNA vaccine is a promising platform to protect against MPXV infection. In this study, we construct two bivalent MPXV mRNA vaccines, designated LBA (B6R-A29L) and LAM (A35R-M1R), and a quadrivalent mRNA vaccine, LBAAM (B6R-A35R-A29L-M1R). The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines alone or in combination were evaluated in a lethal mouse model. All mRNA vaccine candidates could elicit potential antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and provide protection against vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. The protective effect of the combination of two bivalent mRNA vaccines and the quadrivalent vaccine was superior to that of the individual bivalent mRNA vaccine. Our study provides valuable insights for the development of more efficient and safer mRNA vaccines against mpox.

Polymer-based dielectrics play an important role in electrostatic capacitor by their high energy density ([Formula: see text]) and flexibility. Herein, we designed a simple high [Formula: see text] polymer-based dielectrics by controlling the morphology and surface modification of inorganic fillers. To decrease the difference in dielectric properties between fillers and matrix of the nanocomposites, HfO2 acting as the buffer layer with high insulation and appropriate permittivity coated onto the surface of TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2 Ns) to form a core–shell structure. The introduction of HfO2@TiO2 nanosheets (HfO2@TiO2 Ns) makes the nanocomposite with higher dielectric permittivity and lower dielectric loss than poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) matrix. In addition, the HfO2@TiO2 Ns can establish an efficient barrier to limit the space charge conduction, hamper the growing electric trees, and the HfO2 layer with high insulation could hinder the mobility of charge carriers. The breakdown strength ([Formula: see text]) of nanocomposite is superior to that of polymer matrix. A small addition of 3[Formula: see text]wt.% HfO2@TiO2 Ns into P(VDF-HFP) matrix can raise the [Formula: see text] to 480.7[Formula: see text]MV/m and present a maximum discharged [Formula: see text] of 13.9[Formula: see text]J/cm3. This work demonstrates that it is an effective strategy to improve the [Formula: see text] via designing the structure and surface state of inorganic filler simultaneously.

Abstract Background The triglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) index is acknowledged as both a reliable indicator of the risk of cardiovascular disease and an accurate surrogate biomarker for evaluating insulin resistance (IR). The importance of the TyG-BMI index among people with heart failure (HF), however, requires more investigation. The objective of this study was to inquire about the relationship between HF patients’ TyG-BMI index and their risk of 360-day mortality. Methods The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database provided the study’s patient data, which were divided into quartiles according to their TyG-BMI index. The endpoint was mortality from all causes within 360 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare this primary endpoint amongst the four groups indicated above. The association between the TyG-BMI index and the endpoint was investigated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results The study enrolled a total of 423 patients with HF (59.2% male), of whom 70 patients (16.9%) died within 360 days. Patients with higher TyG-BMI indexes had significantly lower mortality risks, according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank P = 0.003). Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline analysis illustrated a decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality with an increasing TyG-BMI index. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that the risk of 360-day death from all causes was considerably higher in the lowest quartile of TyG-BMI. In comparison to the lowest TyG-BMI group, the fully adjusted Cox model yielded a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.59; p = 0.002) for 360-day mortality. Conclusions In patients diagnosed with HF, a lower TyG-BMI index is strongly related to a higher risk of 360-day mortality. This index can be employed to categorize the risk levels of patients with HF and predict their one-year all-cause mortality .

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a devastating parasitic disease. This progressive and debilitating helminth disease is often associated with poverty and can lead to chronic poor health. Despite ongoing research, there is currently no effective vaccine for schistosomiasis, and praziquantel remains the only available treatment option. According to the progression of schistosomiasis, infections caused by schistosomes are classified into three distinct clinical phases: acute, chronic and advanced schistosomiasis. However, the underlying immune mechanism involved in the progression of schistosomiasis remains poorly understood. Methods We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the immune landscape of Schistosomiasis japonica infection based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a healthy control group (n = 4), chronic schistosomiasis group (n = 4) and advanced schistosomiasis group (n = 2). Results Of 89,896 cells, 24 major cell clusters were ultimately included in our analysis. Neutrophils and NK/T cells accounted for the major proportion in the chronic group and the healthy group, and monocytes dominated in the advanced group. A preliminary study showed that NKT cells were increased in patients with schistosomiasis and that CXCR2 + NKT cells were proinflammatory cells. Plasma cells also accounted for a large proportion of B cells in the advanced group. MHC molecules in monocytes were notably lower in the advanced group than in the chronic group or the healthy control group. However, monocytes in the advanced group exhibited high expression of FOLR3 and CCR2. Conclusions Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in schistosomiasis. It provides a transcriptional atlas of peripheral immune cells that may contribute to elimination of the disease. This preliminary study suggests that the increased presence of CCR2 + monocyte and CXCR2 + NKT cells might participate in the progression of schistosomiasis. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Schistosoma infection is a significant public health issue, affecting over 200 million individuals and threatening 700 million people worldwide. The species prevalent in China is Schistosoma japonicum. Recent studies showed that both gut microbiota and metabolome are closely related to schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, but clinical study is limited and the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore alterations as well as function of gut microbiota and metabolite profile in the patients with S. japonicum infection. Methods This study included 20 patients diagnosed with chronic schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, eight patients with advanced schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum and 13 healthy volunteers. The fresh feces of these participators, clinical examination results and basic information were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiota, while ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to explore the metabolome of patients in different stages of schistosomiasis. Results The study found that gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in patients with different stages of S. japonicum infection. Compared with healthy control group, the gut microbial diversity in patients with chronic S. japonicum infection was decreased significantly. However, the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis was similar to that in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. Compared with uninfected people, patients with schistosomiasis showed decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria. As disease progressed, Firmicutes was further reduced in patients with advanced S. japonicum infection, while Proteobacteria was further increased. In addition, the most altered metabolites in patients with S. japonicum infection were lipids and lipid-like molecules as well as organo-heterocyclic compounds, correlated with the clinical manifestations and disease progress of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. Conclusions This study suggested that the gut microbiota and metabolome altered in patients in different stages of schistosomiasis, which was correlated with progression of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. This inter-omics analysis may shed light on a better understanding of the mechanisms of the progression of S. japonicum infection and contribute to identifying new potential targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of S. japonicum infection. However, a large sample size of validation in clinic is needed, and further study is required to investigate the underlying mechanism.

In this study, we analyzed the evolution of online public opinion on emergencies using a new Stochastic Petri Net modeling approach. First, an intuitive description of the emergency online public opinion development process was conceptualized from the life cycle evolution law perspective. Then, based on Petri net theory, a Stochastic Petri Net isomorphic Markov chain model was constructed to simulate the evolution of online public opinion on emergencies. Finally, four real-life cases were selected to validate and analyze the model, demonstrating that the evolutionary leaps, complexity, critical nodes, evolutionary rate, and execution time differ across different online public opinions on emergencies. The study results indicate that this modeling approach has certain advantages in examining the evolution based on multi-factor coupling and quantifying the evolution law in online public opinion on emergencies.

[Objective] The water use characteristics of plants and their responses to environmental changes in a tunnel construction area at the eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were studied in order to provide a reference for soil and water conservation in this ecologically fragile region influenced by both nature and human activity. [Methods] The δ2H and δ18O values of xylem water of typical plants and potential water sources in different months from 2020 to 2021 in a tunnel construction area with an altitude of 3 230 m were measured. The MixSIAR model was used to calculate the proportion of plants absorbing water from each potential water source. The proportional similarity index (PS index) between every two plants was calculated to compare the water competition relationship between different species. [Results] Shallow soil water (0—40 cm) was the main water source for Festuca rubra, Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana, and Quercus spinosa. Populus szechuanica mainly absorbed middle and deep (40—200 cm) soil water. The uptake proportions from shallow soil water by plants in August and October 2021 were significantly lower than during the same period in 2020. For P. likiangensis var. balfouriana, there were significant positive and negative correlations (p

In order to better extract scene and object information from computer image, a construction object extraction algorithm based on Bayesian network is proposed. The algorithm is trained by multi-scene aerial images to build a grain dictionary and map the grain in the actual image to the grain dictionary to obtain the scene information of the image;Then naive Bayesian networks were used to model the constraints of the relationship between architectural targets and the spatial context of scene classes, and the extraction of architectural targets was converted into a posteriori probability problem for solving Bayesian network class nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract architectural objects from aerial images. The experiment result shows that:In this paper, the proportion of target pixels accurately extracted by the algorithm is taken as the standard to define the standard of target pixels accurately extracted by the algorithm to reach more than 90% of the building target pixels. The average time of training an image is 2 s, which is mainly spent on the convolution operation with the filter. After the training, the average time of processing a single test image is 0.5s. It is proved that Bayesian network model can effectively extract scene and object information from computer image.

Abstract Purpose To analyze the perioperative risk factors related to lumbar spine fusion surgery in elderly patients. Methods 202 elderly patients (age range 77–92 years old) who have underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgeries between January 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively investigated. Information of age, sex, comorbidity, fixation segments, operation time, surgical blood loss and perioperative complications during hospitalization were collected. Risk factors for complications were analyzed. Student’s t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U‑test and multivariate generalized linear models were used. Results In this study, 31 patients presented complications (15.3%) in these elderly patients with an average age of 79.1 years, including 1 patient with intraoperative complication and 30 patients with postoperative complications; and 2 out of 31 patients (1%) died. The elderly patients were divided into group A (24 patients) with major postoperative complications and group B (178 patients) without major postoperative complications. Major postoperative complications were significantly associated with age (univariate analysis, t = 3.92, P

Male infertility has emerged as a global issue, partly attributed to psychological stress. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of psychological stress on male reproductive function remain elusive. We created a psychologically stressed model using terrified-sound and profiled the testes from stressed and control rats using single-cell RNA sequencing. Comparative and comprehensive transcriptome analyses of 11,744 testicular cells depicted the cellular landscape of spermatogenesis and revealed significant molecular alterations of spermatogenesis suffering from psychological stress. At the cellular level, stressed rats exhibited delayed spermatogenesis at the spermatogonia and pachytene phases, resulting in reduced sperm production. Additionally, psychological stress rewired cellular interactions among germ cells, negatively impacting reproductive development. Molecularly, we observed the down-regulation of anti-oxidation-related genes and up-regulation of genes promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the stress group. These alterations led to elevated ROS levels in testes, affecting the expression of key regulators such as ATF2 and STAR, which caused reproductive damage through apoptosis or inhibition of testosterone synthesis. Overall, our study aimed to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which psychological stress disrupts spermatogenesis, offering insights into the mechanisms of psychological stress-induced male infertility in other species and promises in potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract Electrons photoemitted by extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses derive spatially from the first few atomic surface layers and energetically from the valence band and highest atomic orbitals. As a result, it is possible to probe the emission dynamics from a narrow 2D region in the presence of optical fields, as well as obtain elemental specific information. However, combining this with spatially‐resolved imaging is a long‐standing challenge because of the large inherent spectral width of attosecond pulses, as well as the difficulty of making them at high repetition rates. Here, this work demonstrates an attosecond interferometry experiment on a zinc oxide (ZnO) surface using spatially and energetically resolved photoelectrons. Photoemission electron microscopy is combined with near‐infrared pump ‐ extreme ultraviolet probe laser spectroscopy and the instantaneous phase of an infrared field is resolved with high spatial resolution. Results show how the core level states with low binding energy of ZnO are well suited to perform spatially resolved attosecond interferometry experiments. A distinct phase shift of the attosecond beat signal is observed across the laser focus which is attributed to wavefront differences between the pump and the probe fields at the surface. This work demonstrates a clear pathway for attosecond interferometry with high spatial resolution at atomic scale surface regions opening up for a detailed understanding of nanometric light‐matter interaction.

This study aimed to determine the concentration of 35 PBB (polybrominated biphenyls) congeners in the human serum of residents from an electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling area compared to a control area in China. Additionally, four thyroid hormones, namely FT3, FT4, TSH, and TRH, were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the total PBB concentrations (sum of the 35 PBB congeners) ranged from 47.1 to 1360 ng/g lipid in the e-waste area and 105–1980 ng/g lipid in the control area. BB-1 and BB-10 were the dominant congeners in both study areas, followed by BB-209. Compared to the e-waste dismantling area, the control area samples had a significantly higher concentration of less-brominated (Br1–3) PBBs, including the concentrations of less-brominated congeners such as BB-1, BB-4, BB-9, and BB-10, which were significantly higher than those in the e-waste dismantling area. Conversely, more-brominated hexabromobiphenyl congeners BB- 153, BB-154 and BB-155 were found in samples from the e-waste dismantling area at significantly higher concentrations than in the control area. E-waste dismantling areas have released historically produced commercial PBB products, but equally not negligible is the exposure of the general population to newly produced PBB congeners. PBB concentrations in the e-waste dismantling area samples decreased with increasing age, while they increased with increasing age in the control area samples. Furthermore, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between BB-103 concentrations and thyroid hormone levels. In addition, BB- 103 has the potential to interfere with the binding of T3 and thyroid hormone receptors (TR). Given these findings, the research on human exposure of PBB and the relationships between the PBB and thyroid hormones should be studied further.

BackgroundAn increase in deaths has been perceived during the pandemic, which cannot be explained only by COVID-19. The actual number of deaths far exceeds the recorded data on deaths directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from early and short-lived pandemic studies show a dramatic shift in cardiovascular mortality. Grounded in the post-pandemic era, macroscopic big data on cardiovascular mortality during the pandemic need to be further reviewed and studied, which is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention and control.MethodsWe retrieved and collected data associated with cardiovascular disease mortality from the National Vital Statistic System from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) platform based on the ICD-10 codes. We applied regression analysis to characterize overall cardiovascular disease mortality trends from 2010 to 2023 and built a time series model to predict mortality for 2020–2023 based on mortality data from 2010 to 2019 in order to affirm the existence of the excess deaths by evaluating observed vs. predicted mortality. We also conducted subgroup analyses by sex, age and race/ethnicity for the purpose of obtaining more specific sociodemographic information.ResultsAll-cause age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) for CVD dramatically increased between 2019 and 2021[annual percentage change (APC) 11.27%, p

BackgroundHybrid surgery (HS) combines anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with cervical disc replacement (CDR) is gradually being more frequently implemented, but there are few studies reporting the safety and effectiveness of hybrid surgery in three levels cervical spondylotic myelopathy.MethodsThe clinical and radiographic data of patients with three-segment cervical spondylosis, who underwent CDR, ACDF and HS in our hospital from February 2007 to February 2013 were analyzed. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy post surgery. Cervical spine x-rays were conducted to assess ROM, CL, T1S and relevant outcomes.ResultsA total of 94 patients were included in the study: 26 in the CDR group, 13 in the HS1 group, 31 in the HS2 group, and 24 in the ACDF group. Most patients in the CDR group were younger. There was no difference in the follow-up duration, blood loss volume or surgery time (P > 0.05). Four groups reported improvements in JOA and NDI scores compared to baseline. There was no significant difference in the final JOA, final NDI or recovery rate among the 4 groups. The final ROM was smaller in the ACDF group than in the other 3 groups. There was no difference among the four groups in the final UROM, final LROM or their changes. There was no difference in the final T1S, final SVA or their change among the four groups. All groups showed similar changes in CL and T1S-CL.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the clinical outcomes of ACDF, CDR, or hybrid surgery. CDR can better preserve the mobility of the cervical spine. Neither CDR nor hybrid surgery was significantly advantageous over ACDF in restoring the sagittal sequence in patients with three-level CSM.

Iprodione is an effective and broad-spectrum fungicide commonly used for early disease control in fruit trees and vegetables. Due to rainfall, iprodione often finds its way into water bodies, posing toxicity risks to non-target organisms and potentially entering the human food chain. However, there is limited information available regarding the developmental toxicity of iprodione specifically on the liver in existing literature. In this study, we employed larval and adult zebrafish as models to investigate the toxicity of iprodione. Our findings revealed that iprodione exposure led to yolk sac edema and increased mortality in zebrafish. Notably, iprodione exhibited specific effects on zebrafish liver development. Additionally, zebrafish exposed to iprodione experienced an overload of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the upregulation of p53 gene expression. This, in turn, triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and disrupted carbohydrate/lipid metabolism as well as energy demand systems. These results demonstrated the substantial impact of iprodione on zebrafish liver development and function. Furthermore, the application of astaxanthin (an antioxidant) and p53 morpholino partially mitigated the liver toxicity caused by iprodione. To summarize, iprodione induces apoptosis through the upregulation of p53 mediated by oxidative stress signals, leading to liver toxicity in zebrafish. Our study highlights that exposure to iprodione can result in hepatotoxicity in zebrafish, and it may potentially pose toxicity risks to other aquatic organisms and even humans.

The first poly(β-amino) esters (PβAEs) were synthesized more than 40 years ago. Since 2000, PβAEs have been found to have excellent biocompatibility and the capability of ferrying gene molecules. Moreover, the synthesis process of PβAEs is simple, the monomers are readily available, and the polymer structure can be tailored to meet different gene delivery needs by adjusting the monomer type, monomer ratio, reaction time, etc. Therefore, PβAEs are a promising class of non-viral gene vector materials. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and correlated properties of PβAEs and summarizes the progress of each type of PβAE for gene delivery. The review focuses in particular on the rational design of PβAE structures, thoroughly discusses the correlations between intrinsic structure and effect, and then finishes with the applications and perspectives of PβAEs.

[Objective] The dynamic changes of ecological environmental quality in different sub-basins of the Yangtze River from 2001 to 2021, and the impact of different driving factors on it were determined in order to provide a theoretical basis for the coordinated development of an ecological environmental protection strategy and an economic development strategy for the Yangtze River basin. [Methods] Based on MODIS data, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of the Yangtze River basin from May to November (2001 to 2021) was extracted. The dynamics and driving factors of ecological environmental quality in the Yangtze River basin during the past 21 years were analyzed based on RSEI values. [Results] ① The ecological quality of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin was higher than the ecological quality of the upper reaches. The ecological quality in the south was higher than in the north. Except for 2006, more than 80% of the study area had ecological quality above the middle level, and the overall ecological level was classified as good. ② The overall change in ecological environmental quality was classified as stable, and the regions with an upward trend in quality included the Wujiang River, the Taihu Lake water system, Yibin to Yichang section, Yibin to Hukou section, and the Jinsha River basin. ③ The main driving factor of RSEI change was the humidity index, followed by temperature indicators. ④ Ecological environmental quality was greatly affected by wind speed. Rising temperatures will lead to deterioration of the ecological environmental quality in the Yangtze River basin, but the temperatures in the Jinsha River basin, Poyang Lake basin, Jialing River basin, and Hukou and the lower main stream areas were conducive to improvement of ecological environmental quality. ⑤ Increasing precipitation was conducive to improvement of ecological environmental quality in most areas. [Conclusion] The overall ecological environmental quality of the Yangtze River basin has not changed during the past 21 years, but the ecological degradation of the Jialing River basin needs to be given attention by the government, and a series of ecological restoration measures should be put forward as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration of the ecological environment.

Zhengzhuang block is located in the southwest of Qinshui Basin. The main gas producing horizons are No.3 coal of Shanxi Formation and No.15 coal of Taiyuan formation. The occurrence characteristics and gas bearing properties of coal seams in the area are quite different both vertically and horizontally. In this study, the main fracture extension direction and gas content of No.3 coal and No.15 coal were analyzed respectively. On this basis, the horizontal well drilling system in this formation was optimized. The results showed: The maximum horizontal principal stress direction of No.3 coal seam should be NE 45°−60°, SW 225°−240°. The maximum horizontal principal stress direction of No.15 coal seam should be NE 60°−75°, SW 240°−255°。The difference of maximum horizontal principal stress direction between No.15 coal and No.3 coal is 15°. No.3 coal seam belongs to extra low sulfur - low sulfur anthracite, the thickness of coal is 5−6 m. No.15 coal seam belongs to medium high sulfur high sulfur anthracite, The thickness of coal seam is generally stable horizontally, generally 4−5 m, The structure of coal seam is complex. The gas content of No.3 coal seam and No.15 coal seam increases slightly from the south to the north of the block，there are relatively rich areas with Northeast Distribution and relatively low gas content areas with small area scattered distribution. The optimization of drilling system was mainly implemented from two aspects: drilling design optimization and drilling process optimization. The optimization of drilling design mainly included: the optimization of drilling design concept, well location and drilling trajectory. The optimization of drilling process mainly included: drilling equipment optimization, drilling fluid system optimization and well trajectory control. Well trajectory control includes precise landing without pilot hole, well trajectory control in curved section, well trajectory control during landing and well trajectory control in horizontal section after landing. The optimized drilling system was used in well zh-l36, and the drilling rate of coal seam reached 99% and the gas production after fracturing reached 40000 m3/d. By using the optimized drilling system, the daily gas production increased by 100 m3/d.

Laser loading compression is one of the main research topics in the field of inertial confinement fusion. In order to simulate and explain the experimental phenomena of materials under high strain rates and pressures generated by laser shock, the submicron requirements for the adhesive layer thickness between the target multilayer materials in the state equation experiment were proposed in the physical experiments. Compared with the existing recombination methods, a novel adhesive recombination was reported in this paper. The poly glycidyl methacrylate (pGMA) film was prepared by initiating chemical vapor deposition method, and the liquid phase activation method was used to activate and cure the solid adhesive film. The submicron lossless bonding recombination of the state equation test target could be realized. In the activation process of pGMA film, the liquid phase activation method proposed in this paper will greatly improve the connection strength of multilayer materials without changing the thickness of the adhesive layer, which has not been reported. The thickness and morphology of the pGMA film were characterized, and the influence of process parameters on the film thickness was discussed. The deposition rate of pGMA film is about 10 nm/min in this paper. The white light confocal technology was used to indirectly measure the adhesive layer thickness of some nanoglue bonding samples. For the materials such as hydrocarbon and high-density carbon, the adhesive layer section of the nanoglue bonding samples was prepared by means of metallographic sample preparation combined with ion beam etching, and the adhesive layer thickness was directly characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The above results show that the adhesive layer thickness of the nanoglue bonding samples is submicron. And the thinnest adhesive layer of the nanoglue bonding samples is only 300 nm. The morphology of adhesive layer about the nanoglue bonding samples was characterized by optical microscope. The nanoadhesive layer connected the multilayer materials together evenly and seamlessly, and there were no gaps and air bubbles between the samples. The nanoglue bonding method reported in this paper has many advantages, such as precise control of the adhesive layer thickness, greatly improving the connection strength between the multilayer samples of the target in the equation of state experiment, realizing the precise assembly of the target with small size and complex configuration. This method will provide technical support for the improvement of the precision of laser loading compression physical experiment and the accurate interpretation of experimental results.

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary histidine requirement of juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (45.0% crude protein and 8.0% crude lipid) were formulated to contain 0.43%, 0.68%, 0.97%, 1.24%, 1.45% and 1.79% histidine, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile crabs (approximately initial weight 17.63 ± 0.08 g). The results indicated that the highest percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was presented in crabs fed the diet with 1.24% histidine (P

ABSTRACTAttosecond photoelectron spectroscopy has opened up for studying light–matter interaction on ultrafast time scales. It is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution attosecond beamline based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The active stabilization keeps the interferometer ultra-stable for several hours with an RMS stability of 13 as and a total pump-probe delay scanning range of [Formula: see text] fs. A tunable femtosecond laser source to drive high-order harmonic generation allows for precisely addressing atomic and molecular resonances. Furthermore, the interferometer includes a spectral shaper in 4f-geometry in the probe arm as well as a tunable bandpass filter in the pump arm, which offer additional high flexibility in terms of tunability as well as narrowband or polychromatic probe pulses. We demonstrate the capabilities of the beamline via experiments using several variants of the RABBIT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by two photon transitions) technique. In this setup, the temporal-spectral resolution of photoelectron spectroscopy can reach a new level of accuracy and precision.

In this paper, aiming at the identification of blade vibration parameters such as constant speed synchronization, constant speed asynchronous, and variable speed synchronization, the simulation platform Simulink is used to model the blade vibration system, and the blade tip timing vibration measurement system model is constructed. A method of blade vibration parameter identification based on genetic algorithm is proposed, and numerical simulation and experimental verification are carried out. The results show that the parameter identification of blade vibration by genetic algorithm has high accuracy and strong anti-noise interference ability. The influence of key parameters on the identification of blade vibration parameters is studied. For the constant speed synchronous and constant speed asynchronous vibration of the blade, the angle between the sensors should not be an integral multiple of 2π as far as possible, and the larger DR (Distribution Range) value should be guaranteed. The higher the frequency doubling of blade vibration, the more sensors are needed. For the variable speed synchronous vibration of the blade, the frequency doubling is greater than the influence of the sensor layout on the parameter identification results, but the number of sensors is too small, which will seriously affect the identification accuracy of the frequency doubling. Aiming at the blade vibration test, a blade vibration tester is designed. The blade variable speed synchronous vibration test is carried out by using the strain gauge method and the tip timing method. The measurement results of the strain gauge method are basically consistent with the measurement results based on the genetic algorithm and the tip timing.

BackgroundThe intestinal microbiota is known to play a role in the development of liver disease, there is a limited understanding of the intestinal microbiota associated with chronic schistosomiasis japonica. This study sought to explore the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica and identify potential biomarkers that could aid diagnosis.MethodsA total of 40 residents of Qingshan Island in Yueyang (Hunan, China) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. These individuals were divided into two groups for analysis of the intestinal microbiota: patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced liver fibrosis group (CSJ group, n = 10) and a healthy control group (HC group, n = 30). Feces were collected from each participant and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included species composition analysis at the phylum and family levels, α and β diversity analysis, LEfSe, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) analysis.ResultsOur results indicated that Schistosoma japonicum infection changed the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota at the phylum and family levels. Compared with the HC group, the α and β diversity results showed that CSJ group had low diversity of species of the intestinal microbiome. LEfSe and relative abundance analysis found that the Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera were significantly higher in the CSJ group than in the HC group. Meanwhile, the ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera was 0.779, 0.769, and 0.840, respectively. KEGG and COG analysis showed that the Replication and Repair, and Defense Mechanism pathways correlated strongly with chronic schistosomiasis japonica infection.ConclusionThe current study was the first to explore differences in the intestinal microbiota of patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced liver fibrosis and healthy people from Qingshan Island, which indicated that Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera could have a potential value in non-invasive diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced fibrosis.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with spray-dried egg meal (SEM) on growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity, mTOR pathway, and cholesterol metabolism in juvenile Portunus trituberculatus. The results showed that the highest percent weight gain was observed in crabs fed diet with 10% replacement of fish meal with SEM. Essential amino acids in the muscle and hepatopancreas significantly decreased with the increase of dietary replacement levels of fish meal with SEM. The lowest content of MDA in hepatopancreas was occurred at those fed diet with 40% replacement of fish meal with SEM, the activities of T-AOC, GSH-PX and content of GSH in hepatopancreas significantly increased with dietary SEM replacement fish meal increasing from 10% to 50%. The expression of akt, eif4e1a, eif4e2, eif4e3, and 4ebp1 significantly up-regulated, however, the expression of tor was showed significantly linear down-regulated, and the highest expression of akt, eif4e2 and 4ebp1 were found in crabs fed diet with 20% replacement of fish meal with SEM, the highest expression of eif4e1a was observed in those fed diet with 10% replacement of fish meal with SEM, the highest expression of eif4e3 was occurred in crabs fed diet with 30% replacement of fish meal with SEM. In cholesterol metabolism, the expression of abcg1 and lrp2 significantly down-regulated and the expression of npc1 significantly up-regulated with increase of replacement level of fish meal with SEM. The content of T-CHO in hemolymph and hepatopancreas significantly linear increased. In conclusion, based on quadratic broken-line regression analysis of PWG against the dietary replacement of fish meal with SEM, the optimal replacement level of fish meal with SEM was estimated to be 15.94% for juvenile swimming crab.

The physiological processes involved in adaptation to osmotic pressure in euryhaline crustaceans are highly energy demanding, but the effects of dietary lipids (fat) on low salinity adaptations have not been well evaluated. In the present study, a total of 120 mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain, BW = 17.87 ± 1.49 g) were fed control and high-fat (HF) diets, at both medium salinity (23‰) and low salinity (4‰) for 6 wk, and each treatment had 3 replicates with each replicate containing 10 crabs. The results indicated that a HF diet significantly mitigated the reduction in survival rate, percent weight gain and feed efficiency induced by low salinity (P

Aiming at the problem of fatigue fracture of pipeline connectors, a finite element model of pipeline connectors in aircraft hydraulic system is established. Based on the theory of continuous damage mechanics, the vibration fatigue life of pipeline connectors with assembly stress is predicted. The results show that under normal assembly state, the fatigue crack initiation point of pipeline connectors is located at the contact part between flared conduit and flat nozzle. With the increase of vibration load amplitude, the fatigue life of pipeline connections decreases gradually. When there is axial assembly deviation, due to the influence of stress concentration, the fatigue crack initiation point of pipeline connector is located at the connection between pipe flare and pipe body. The axial assembly deviation weakens the fatigue strength of pipeline connectors. The larger the axial deviation is, the smaller the fatigue life of pipeline structure is.

Objective- This study aims to develop a novel framework for high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) signal decomposition with superior decomposition yield and accuracy, especially for low-energy MUs. Methods- An iterative convolution kernel compensation-peel off (ICKC-P) framework is proposed, which consists of three steps: decomposition of the motor units (MUs) with relatively large energy by using the iterative convolution kernel compensation (ICKC) method and extraction of low-energy MUs with a Post-Processor and novel ‘peel-off’ strategy. Results- The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated by both simulated and experimental HD-sEMG signals. Our simulation results demonstrated that, with 120 simulated MUs, the proposed framework extracts more MUs compared to K-means convolutional kernel compensation (KmCKC) approach across six noise levels. And the proposed ‘peel-off’ strategy estimates more accurate MUAP waveforms at six noise levels than the ‘peel-off’ strategy proposed in the progressive FastICA peel-off (PFP) framework. For the experimental sEMG signals recorded from biceps brachii, an average of 16.1 ±3.4 MUs were identified from each contraction, while only 10.0 ± 2.8 MUs were acquired by the KmCKC method. Conclusion- The high yield and accuracy of MUs decomposed from simulated and experimental HD-sEMG signals demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in decomposing low-energy MUs compared to existing methods for HD-sEMG signal decomposition. Significance- The proposed framework enables us to construct a more representative motor unit pool, consequently enhancing our understanding pertaining to various neuropathological conditions and providing invaluable information for the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders and motor neuron diseases.

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) is an increasingly important task in remote sensing images. However, mainstream WSOD methods often rely on low-quality proposals due to the complex backgrounds of remote sensing images. Moreover, applying strong data augmentations directly in WSOD methods can introduce significant noise, which can hinder training procedures that rely only on image-level ground truth labels. To address these issues, we propose a dynamic informative proposal-based iterative WSOD training procedure. Specifically, we implement an informative proposal reconstruction (IPR) method to generate more informative proposals dynamically. We also use a proposal-based contrastive learning (PBCL) technique to steadily improve the quality of generated proposals. In addition, we employ a pseudolabel learning-based multistage (PLMS) training procedure to progressively improve the quality of new informative proposals while alleviating the noise catastrophe caused by strong data augmentations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in generating higher quality proposals and enhancing model generalization. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results in optical remote sensing images (DIOR), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU) VHR-10.v2, and HRSC2016 datasets.