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Improving laboratory animal management system is one of the effective ways to promote the legalization and standardization of laboratory animal management. This article systematically reviews the relevant content and requirements of the latest laws, regulations, normative documents, and standards formulated and promulgated by the state since 2019 regarding the management of experimental animals. It also analyzes the current institutional framework in managing experimental animals in Sichuan Province from four aspects: administrative management, quality assurance, biosafety, and local standards. Furthermore, this article summarizes the existing problems and proposes corresponding policy recommendations in a targeted manner, aiming to provide a reference for the formulation of robust experimental animal management policies in Sichuan Province.

The development of cobalt based catalysts in the field of conjugated diene polymerization was reviewed. The catalytic activity of using different types of cobalt catalytic systems and cobalt complexes containing different types of ligands for the polymerization of conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene, as well as the effect on the microstructure of polymers (regional regularity, cis-1,4 -unit, trans-1,4-unit, 1,2-unit, and 3,4-unit) and their stereoregularity (inter regularity, iso regularity, microstructure sequence distribution) were explored in detail with 76 references. The influence of polymer molecular weight and its distribution were also reviewed, and the research direction of cobalt catalysts in catalysizing the polymerization of conjugated dienes was prospected.

ObjectiveUsing the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the plasma level of Lyso-GL3 in patients with Fabry disease and to analyze the clinical application of the method.MethodsThirty-nine patients with a genetic diagnosis of Fabry disease were included, and plasma levels of Lyso-GL3 were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis, and detailed clinical information of the patients was obtained including: α-galactosidase A activity, genetic variants, quantification of urine protein, mean arterial pressure, and estimation of glomerular filtration rate, and the differences in the levels of Lyso-GL3 in different clinical phenotypes and genotypes were statistically analyzed, as well as the association with clinical indicators.ResultsLyso-GL3 showed good linearity within 0.7856-400 ng/mL(r=0.9992).Further analysis of 39 Fabry disease patients diagnosed in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine showed a median Lyso-GL3 concentration of 23.6 ng/mL(4.3-92.9 ng/mL); Lyso-GL3 levels were significantly higher in patients with both the frameshift and the splicing mutations, as well as in patients with the nonsense mutations, than in patients with the missense mutations (median value 119.7 ng/mL vs. 11.9 ng/mL, P=0.006, and median value 97.0 ng/mL vs. 11.9 ng/mL, P=0.015, respectively). Whereas, association analysis revealed that Lyso-GL3 was not significantly associated with urinary protein, mean arterial pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsThe using of LC-MS/MS to quantify plasma Lyso-GL showed significant differences in Lyso-GL3 concentrations between classical and atypical phenotypes, suggesting that plasma Lyso-GL3 may help with clinical phenotypes. However, Lyso-GL3 levels is found to be overlapped between genotypes. No significant linear correlation was found between Lyso-GL3 and renal clinical indicators, suggesting the urgent need in finding a more accurate tool to assess renal involvement and prognosis in patients with Fabry disease.

Gears are the most widely used transmission parts in the modern mechanical transmission system. The precision and surface quality of gear tooth profiles have great influence on the precision, smoothness, reliability and noise of gear transmission. The machining process of gears usually goes through the process of initial cutting, heat treatment, initial grinding and fine grinding, etc. However, there are still some problems after grinding, such as grinding marks, difficulties in further reducing the surface roughness and uneven distribution of surface roughness along the tooth profile. At present, gear profile polishing after grinding is one of the effective ways to solve the above problems. In this study, the main methods of tooth profile polishing are classified into electrochemical honing, abrasive flow machining, magnetorheological finishing and shear thickening fluids polishing. The machining principle of the current main gear tooth profile polishing methods is described in detail. Examples of various processing methods are listed. The advantages and problems of each machining method are summarized from the aspects of the range of machining adaptation, machining efficiency, the improvement rate of the surface roughness of the polished tooth profile and the requirements for the machining equipment. The results show that the combination of other auxiliary energy fields such as ultrasonic, laser and magnetic field with traditional polishing methods to achieve high efficiency, high precision and high surface consistency tooth profile polishing will be the main research direction in the future.

Objective: The study aimed to research the physicochemical properties, structure, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of different fractions of polysaccharide of goldenmelon. Methods: Four kinds of goldenmelon polysaccharides (CP-40, CP-60, CP-70, CP-80) were obtained by graded purification of water extraction and alcoholic precipitation. Their molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, group composition, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: With the increase of ethanol volume fraction, the total sugar content increased and the glucuronic acid content decreased. The molecular weights of these four polysaccharides were different, which indicated by the same composition of monosaccharides but different composition ratios, and they all had the characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides. The antioxidant capacity and hypoglycemic activity of the polysaccharides in vitro had obvious quantity-effect relationships, CP-70 had the strongest antioxidant effect on DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions scavenging than other groups, while CP-80 had the best hypoglycemic activity since it had the strongest inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Conclusion: The polysaccharide of goldenmelon had good antioxidant properties and hypoglycemic activity.

Power transformers are indispensable components for energy transmission and voltage regulation. Since the leakage impedance affects the short-circuit current, magnetic leakage distribution, and manufacturing cost, the accurate calculation of transformer impedance is vital for transformer design. Generally, leakage impedance is mainly decided by the design parameters of the windings, both analytically and numerically. In most given literature studies, the leakage impedance was optimized and analyzed by adjusting the design parameters of the windings without considering the consequent influence on transformer loss and manufacturing costs. A multiobjective optimization model considering the leakage impedance, manufacturing cost, and operating loss of the windings is presented in this paper. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model is built using 2048 finite-element analysis (FEA) samples and utilized as a leakage impedance predictor. XGBoost shows better accuracy and consumes much less time compared to analytical and FEA methods. Subsequently, the presented multiobjective model is optimized using multiobjective algorithms and the NSGA-III shows the best performance among the NSGA-II, MOPSO, and MODE. The results show that the leakage impedance is closer to the required value. Besides, the winding manufacturing cost and loss are meanly decreased by 4.7% and 4.1%, respectively, in the engineering case.

This paper first takes the deep learning theory as the basis of the thesis of sports and aesthetic education, constructs the flipped classroom teaching model of sports and aesthetic education based on the theory, and introduces the Bayesian estimation theory and the structural equation model to apply it to sports and aesthetic education. Secondly, the research object and method are selected for the flipped classroom teaching model of physical education and aesthetic education, and the teaching process of the flipped classroom experiment and the assumptions related to students’ learning satisfaction are given. Finally, the application value of physical education and aesthetics in colleges and universities is analyzed through the convergence of path coefficients in Bayesian structural equation modeling and hypothesis testing. When the number of iterations reaches 100*103 times, the H6-H11 path coefficient convergence value interval is [-22.5, 14.2]. The convergence interval fluctuates a lot and shows a more unstable trend than the H1-H5 path coefficient. Students learning satisfaction will have a direct effect on their aesthetic ability and improve their aesthetic awareness, and the path coefficients are 0.629 and 0.524, respectively. Deep learning theory based on sports and aesthetics in colleges and universities under the background of big data can improve students’ learning satisfaction and then promote the enhancement of students’ aesthetic ability and aesthetic awareness.

The productivity and health of our ocean hold some good solutions to the world’s challenges in socio-economy. However, climate change and waste discharge are changing the marine capacity to buffer human impacts, further challenging the marine industry, primarily in offshore oil and gas, shipping, and fishery operations. These encourage the blue economy, a sustainable development approach to utilize marine resources. Petroleum microbiology dealing with microbes that can respond, degrade, and alter crude oils, offers an unprecedented opportunity to achieve the knowledge- and science-based blue economy. However, the new-era petroleum microbiology for supporting the blue economy has yet to be systematically discussed. This review introduces the climate change impacts on key marine industrial sectors, highlights the critical role of advanced petroleum microbiology in supporting sustainable development, and offers insight into the challenges and future research opportunities in availing of petroleum microbiology for benefiting our marine environment and responsible economic growth.

Objective To investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors on the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and construct a prediction model for evaluating myeloma-specific survival (MSS) rates. Methods A total of 32625 patients diagnosed with MM between January 2007 and December 2016 were included through the SEER database. Cox regression model was used to analyze the predictive indicators of MSS. The results of the multivariate subgroup analysis were presented as forest plots. The significant factors identified in the multivariate Cox analysis were used to construct a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was assessed using the AUC and calibration plots. A nomogram score-based risk stratification system was constructed using a restricted cubic spline. Results Patients were divided into five groups according to their socioeconomic status (SES). Groups with higher SES had relatively higher proportions of those part of the White, insured, married, and urban populations. Age, gender, race, marital status, insurance status, and SES were independent prognostic factors of MSS (all P < 0.001). The linear trend of increased MSS risk with decreasing SES was most pronounced among the White, married, insured, and urban patients (all P < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited good discrimination and accuracy in both training and validation sets, showing AUC values of 0.701, 0.709, and 0.722 for predicting 3-, 5-, and 8-year MSS, respectively. A risk stratification model was established based on the nomogram total points and the HR, which then divided patients into three different risk levels with substantial survival disparities (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Socioeconomic factors, such as marital status, insurance status, and SES, have a significant impact on the survival outcomes of MM patients. The nomogram and the risk stratification model based on these factors can accurately and reliably predict MSS.

Objective: To develop selenium-enriched （Se-enriched） Moringa oleifera seed protein resources. Methods: Using Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein powder as raw material, the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein antihypertensive peptides from Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein were obtained by single factor and response surface optimization, and the ACE inhibitory activity, Se content and stability of the optimal enzymatic hydrolysate were analyzed. Results: The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Se-enriched Moringa oleifera were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time 3 h, temperature 34 ℃, pH 8, concentration of substrate 7%, enzyme to substrate ratio 0.3%. Under these conditions, the semi-inhibitory concentration of ACE of the peptides was 1.956 mg/mL. The Se content of the antihypertensive peptide was 1.394 mg/kg, which was 1.1 times that of the raw protein. Moreover, the antihypertensive peptides （5 mg/mL） had good thermal stability and acid-base stability, and could still maintain good ACE inhibitory activity after digestion by gastrointestinal enzyme system in vitro. Conclusion: The Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein antihypertensive peptides obtained by response surface optimization showed strong ACE inhibitory activity and good stability.

Objective: This study aimed to select a suitable drying method for preserved yellow peach. Methods: Preserved yellow peach was prepared by hot air drying (HAD), microwave-hot air drying (MHD) and vacuum freeze drying (VFD). Its physical properties, nutritional components, sensory and aroma indexes were studied. Results: Compared with traditional HAD, the efficiency of MHD was increased by 56.1%, and the preserved fruit was significantly better than HAD in color, nutritional composition, sensory evaluation, aroma components and content; The preserved yellow peach fruit by VFD has the best color, the strongest rehydration, the best tissue structure integrity of the product, the highest contents of nutrients vitamin C, and total phenol and titratable acid, and the highest sensory score is 91.58. It has the most aroma components and contents, and uniquely has two aroma components: 2-hexenol and trans-2-hexenal. Conclusion: Compared with HAD, the preserved yellow peach fruit prepared by MHD is better in all aspects, and MHD is more suitable for the production of common preserved yellow peach fruit. The quality of preserved yellow peach fruit prepared by VFD is the best. However, due to the high-energy and -cost consumption, it is recommended to produce high-quality preserved fruit.

CO2 transport pipelines, as a critical link in CCUS technology, are more prone to fracture propagation under the effects of environment and high pressure due to the special characteristics of CO2, resulting in ductile fracture incidents. However, the commonly used original Batelle two curves method (BTCM) has large errors applied to CO2 pipelines containing impurities. In this paper, a corrected BTCM based on a hoop stress calibration factor was proposed to evaluate the crack arrest ability of CO2 pipelines. The reliability of the modified model was verified based on the experiments data. The results show that the GERG-2008 equation of state is more suitable in predication of decompression wave velocity, and fracture propagation velocity model with a correction factor of ccf =2.0 was verified in quite good agreement with experiment results. This corrected BTCM that can be directly applied to engineering, provided theoretical basis and suggestions in the design and safe operation of CO2 pipelines containing impurities.

Objective: This study aimed to realize the high-value utilization of biological active ingredients and anti-inflammatory peptides from the Pinctada martensii meat. Methods: The hydrolysis process of the P. martensii meat was optimized by single factor test and response surface test with degree of hydrolysis (DH) as the index. The amino acid composition and anti-inflammatory activity of P. martensii meat hydrolysate peptides were evaluated and analyzed. Results: The results showed that neutral protease was the optimal enzyme, and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were solid-liquid ratio 1∶1 (g/mL), temperature 46.3 ℃, hydrolysis time 1.4 h, and substrate ratio 0.3%. The hydrolysis degree was 22.88%, which was not significantly different from the theoretical value, and the regression model was reliable. The hydrolysates including 19.84% of essential amino acids, 21.19% of hydrophobic amino acids and 10.46% of positively charged amino acids. In LPS induced RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory model of mouse macrophages, the hydrolyzed peptide of P. martensii had no cytotoxicity and was beneficial to the proliferation of macrophages in the mass concentration range of 0~4.0 mg/mL. At the mass concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, hydrolyzed peptide could effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; the inhibition rate of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was 70.00%, 83.01%, 85.04% and 83.11%, respectively. Conclusion: Hydrolytic peptide of P. martensii has a complete range of amino acids, which can effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages, showing good anti-inflammatory activity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural and urban communities in the Chongqing Main City. MethodsA total of 735 T2DM patients from rural and urban communities in the Chongqing Main City were selected by stratified cluster random sampling. They were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, physical test results, metabolic indicators, compliance rate of diabetes comprehensive control and DKD prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of DKD. Results①The prevalence of DKD was 31.3% in the T2DM patients, and was higher in the rural communities than that in the urban communities (35.9% vs 28.1%, P

Cerebral ischemia is an extremely complex disease that can be caused by a variety of factors. Cerebral ischemia can cause great harm to human body. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used in clinic, and has a lot of advantages, such as quick induction of general anesthesia, quick anesthesia recovery, no respiratory tract irritation, muscle relaxation, and small cycle effect. The mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning or post-treatment induction is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and also provide theoretical guidance for future research.

Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic based (C/SiC) composites are widely used in industrial, aerospace and other fields due to their high strength, hardness and wear resistance. However, C/SiC composites are difficult to be removed and processed. In this paper the common preparation methods of C/SiC composites and the performance characteristics of their materials are reviewed. The traditional machining methods, ultrasonic assisted machining, laser processing and other processing methods of C/SiC composites are summarized. The material removal mechanism, processing precision, common defects and problems in the processing are analyzed. Traditional machining needs further optimization cutting tool materials. Ultrasonic assisted machining needs to explore the coupling mechanism of ultrasonic vibration between the tool and the material, and the mechanism of material removal under vibration. The removal mechanism of 2.5-dimensional and 3-dimensional C/SiC composites by laser processing also needs to be studied. On the basis of these studies, the possibility of high efficiency, precision, stability and non-destructive processing of C/SiC composite materials is explored by further adopting the composite machining method.

The testing blocks of AlSi7MgTi alloy were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technique and T6 heat treatment using alloy powders fabricated by supersonic gas atomization equipment. The microstructure, phase composition, residual stress, and mechanical properties of as-built and T6 treated alloys were investigated by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,Raman spectrometer and tensile tests, respectively. The results indicate that as-built alloy mainly consists of supersaturated α(Al) solid solution and Si phases. The microstructure characterized by layer-by-layer stacking and interlaced of "scale-like" melt pool, shows obvious anisotropy. In addition, Si phase exists in the form of cellular eutectic silicon, which is connected by blocky and fibrous eutectic silicon. The eutectic silicon near melt pool boundary is relatively thick, while it is smaller in interior of melt pool. T6 heat treatment promotes the precipitation of Si phases, and leads to the Ostwald coarsening of eutectic silicon. Meanwhile, the melt pool morphologies and cellular eutectic silicon structure are basically eliminated by T6 heat treatment. Additionally, the residual stress is significantly reduced after heat treatment. The tensile strength and yield strength of as-built alloy reach up to 420-430 MPa and 280-300 MPa respectively, with elongation of 5.1%-11.0%. However, the tensile strength of T6 heat treated alloy is reduced to about 360 MPa, and yield strength is almost equal to that of as-built alloy, while elongation increases to 15.2%-16.5%.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is to construct a large unified market, to make full use of both international and domestic markets, and to enhance the mutual understanding and trust of member nations of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through cultural exchange, people-topeople ties and integration. Geographically adjacent to ASEAN countries and is close to India and Bangladesh in South Asia, Thailand and Cambodia in Southeast Asia, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region of China is a key littoral or southern gateway for China’s BRI. Foreign language planning is an essential element for the social development of a country economically and culturally. By reviewing the implementation of the foreign language policy in Guangxi, I analyzed the multilingual opportunities and linguistic challenges in the region, which shares the cross-border languages with its neighboring countries in the multi-ethnic and multi-lingual community, to reveal the sociological meaning of the foreign language policy beyond its linguistic meaning, and propose an English-plus multilingual policy approach toward the ASEAN countries to meet the current needs of communications associated with the BRI.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of astragalus injection against anoxia-reoxygenation (AR)-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods HUVECs in primary culture (10th passage) were exposed to anoxia (95% N2, 5% CO2) for 6 h followed by reoxygenation (20% O2, 5% CO2) for 2 h (AR group), during the anoxia 5, 10 or 20 mg/mL astragalus injection was added in the cell culture. With HUVECs maintained in routine culture as the control group, the cells with AR injury were examined for cell viability (MTT assay), morphology, and cell senescence (SA-β-gal staining). SOD and GSH-Px activities of the cells were measured using ELISA, the expression of KNDC1 mRNA was detected with RT-PCR, and the protein levels of p53, p-p53, p21 and KNDC1 were determined using Western blotting. Results Astragalus injection obviously abolished AR-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of SOD and GSH-Px activities and reduced cell senescence caused by AR in a dose-dependent manner within the dose range tested (P < 0.05). AR significantly increased the expression of KNDC1 at mRNA and protein levels and upregulated its downstream p53/p21 pathway (P < 0.05), and astragalus injection dose-dependently decreased the expressions of KNDC1, p53, p-p53 and p21 in the cells with AR injury (P < 0.05). Conclusion Astragalus injection can improve the viability and antioxidant capacity of cultured HUVECs with AR injury by inhibiting AR-induced excessive activation of KNDC1/p53 pathway and suppressing cell senescence.

Recent studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in many biological processes. Dysregulated lncRNAs are related to many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism of lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 in CRC is not clear.

Huashan Rock Art (HRA) has increasingly drawn nationwide and even worldwide attention as scholars have completed and published multidisciplinary studies of the art, thus promoting a positive impact on the local tourism and economy. Through on-the-spot observations and in-depth interviews with local officials, farmers, and visiting tourists, this paper presents the cultural landscape of the HRA area from the perspectives of “place” and “space,” which have been little explored in previous studies of the HRA area. Presently, both the natural and cultural landscape of Huashan have been restructured by the local government and inscribed on the World Heritage List, and the problems of sustainable preservation of the rock art, balancing dynamic development with expanded tourism, and conserving the cultural heritage of the HRA are being addressed.

Background: The impact of concomitant impairments of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) strain on the long-term prognosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not clear.Methods: We analyzed CMR images and followed up 420 first STEMI patients from the EARLY Assessment of MYOcardial Tissue Characteristics by CMR in STEMI (EARLY-MYO-CMR) registry (NCT03768453). These patients received timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h and CMR examination within 1 week (median, 5 days; range, 2–7 days) after infarction. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of both ventricles were measured based on CMR cine images. Conventional CMR indexes were also assessed. Primary clinical outcome was composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including cardiovascular death, re-infarction, re-hospitalization for heart failure and stroke. In addition, CMR data from 40 people without apparent heart disease were used as control group.Results: Compared to controls, both LV and RV strains were remarkably reduced in STEMI patients. During follow-up (median: 52 months, interquartile range: 29–68 months), 80 patients experienced major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including cardiovascular death, re-infarction, heart failure, and stroke. LV-GCS > −11.20% was an independent predictor of MACCEs (P < 0.001). RV-GRS was the only RV strain index that could effectively predict the risk of MACCEs (AUC = 0.604, 95% CI [0.533, 0.674], P = 0.004). Patient with RV-GRS ≤ 38.79% experienced more MACCEs than those with preserved RV-GRS (log rank P < 0.001). Moreover, patients with the concomitant decrease of LV-GCS and RV-GRS were more likely to experience MACCEs than patients with decreased LV-GCS alone (log rank P = 0.010). RV-GRS was incremental to LV-GCS for the predictive power of MACCEs (continuous NRI: 0.327; 95% CI: 0.095–0.558; P = 0.006). Finally, tobacco use (P = 0.003), right coronary artery involvement (P = 0.002), and LV-GCS > −11.20% (P = 0.012) was correlated with lower RV-GRS.Conclusions: The concomitant decrease of LV and RV strain is associated with a worse long-term prognosis than impaired LV strain alone. Combination assessment of both LV and RV strain indexes could improve risk stratification of patients with STEMI.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03768453. Registered 7 December 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03768453.

[Objectives]The confined spaces such as the ship's engine room usually has a horizontal opening at the ceiling,and the particularity of the position and shape of the opening results in a significant difference between the combustion characteristics of the fire in such space and those of the building fire. In order to understand the fire characteristics of the horizontal ceiling opening of the ship's engine room,[Methods]the combustion characteristics of the fire such as the flame-extinguishing characteristics, flame shape and combustion rate in the confined space fire with a horizontal ceiling opening were experimentally studied by changing the ceiling opening area of the simulated test chamber and the size of the heptane oil pool,[Results]According to the reason for fire extinction,the development process of confined space fire are divided into "oxygen-lack extinguishing" mode caused by insufficient O2 concentration and "fuel-lack extinguishing" mode caused by depletion of combustibles. In the "oxygen-lack" mode,the flue gas mixture is entrained into the flame to participate in the combustion process. The critical O2 concentration for self-extinguishing of flame is between 13% and 16.5%,and the shape of the flame changes from a stable combustion shape to a state of being out of the oil pool and keeping moving. In the "fuel-lack" extinguishing mode,the flame is relatively stable in shape,and the combustion rate in the late combustion period is significantly increased due to boiling combustion.[Conclusions]The results show that the combustion characteristics of the fire in the confined space with ceiling opening are of great significance for understanding the development process of the cabin fire and provide theoretical support for the cabin fire suppression.

[Introduction] In flexible HVDC transmission systems, HVDC converter valve power modules and their spares are tested and maintained at regular intervals. The power modules in good condition are essential to assure the safe and steady operation of flexible HVDC transmission systems. [Method] Firstly the structure, working mechanism and shop test items of power modules were analyzed in view of the shortage of relevant specifications and standards for power modules on-site test. Then a power module test method suitable for actual situation on site was proposed. Based on the proposed method, a device able to test power modules automatically was developed. [Result] The proposed test method and device effectively improve the completeness, efficiency and accuracy of power module on-site test, which is applied in Sucheng converters station of Nan′ao multi-terminal HVDC flexible system. [Conclusion] The engineering practice indicates that the proposed method provides an effective way for the power module test tasks during the phase of operation, maintenance and inspection, which is close to the actual test situation on site. Moreover, the proposed method and device provide a reference for the power module test tasks of other flexible HVDC transmission systems.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with ultrasonic debridement surgical system (UDSS) on the patients with gouty tophus ulceration. Methods Totally 96 patients suffering from gout and gouty tophus ulceration admitted in our department from September 2014 to December 2017 were recruited, and then randomly divided into 2 groups (n=48 for each group). The patients from the experiment group (51.3±7.6 years old, disease course of 6.8±1.1 years, BMI 25.7±1.2, wound area 1.62±0.23 cm2) were treated with UDSS combined VSD, and those from the control group (52.4±6.9 years old, disease course of 6.5±1.3 years, BMI 26.1±1.4, wound area 1.65±0.21 cm2) were treated with conventional surgical debridement. Wound healing, cure rate, effective rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after treatment, cost of hospitalization, and incidences of adverse reactions were observed and compared between the 2 groups. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group obtained better wound healing (P < 0.05), higher effective rate on day 5, and higher cure rates on days 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, but lower VAS score after the treatment (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the costs of hospitalization or incidences of adverse reactions between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Two cases (4.2%) from the experimental group experienced acute pain in affected area during ultrasonic debridement, and 3 cases (6.3%) had delayed healing. Conclusion UDSS combined with VSD can accelerate wound healing, improve healing outcome, and have no effect on the costs of hospitalization or incidences of adverse reactions.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is characterized by macrophage infiltration and inflammatory responses—metaflammation in adipose tissue. IL-6 and IL-1β could mediate the inflammatory responses in macrophage stimulated-preadipocytes by modulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. To test this hypothesis we used antibodies to block IL-6 and IL-1β action in macrophage conditioned medium (MacCM)-stimulated human white preadipocytes. Moreover, as interventions that prevent this could potentially be used to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 has previously been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory action on macrophage-stimulated adipocytes, in this study we also investigated whether 1α,25(OH)2D3 could attenuate inflammatory responses in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes, and explored the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods Human white preadipocytes were cultured with 25% MacCM for 24 h to elicit inflammatory responses. This was confirmed by measuring the concentrations and mRNA levels of major pro-inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. IL-6 and IL-1β actions were blocked using IL-6 antibody (300 ng/ml) and IL-1β antibody (15 μg/ml), respectively. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 were investigated by pre-treatment and treatment of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (0.01 to 10 nM) for 48 h in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. In parallel, western blotting was used to determine inflammatory signaling molecules including relA of the NF-κB pathway and p44/42 MAPK modified during these processes. Results MacCM enhanced the secretion and gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES by increasing the phosphorylation levels of relA and p44/42 MAPK in preadipocytes, whereas blocking IL-6 and IL-1β action inhibited the inflammatory responses by decreasing p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation, respectively. Furthermore, 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 generally inhibited the IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, and reduced both p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. Conclusions 1α,25(OH)2D3 attenuates IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, probably by inhibiting p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated human white preadipocytes.