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Objective: To retrospectively analyze the feasibility and clinical efficacy of modified single incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods: From November 2020 to August 2021, 203 cases of modified single incision (without special channel devices) robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy through extraperitoneal approach were reviewed. The average age of the patients was 69 (53–89) years, and the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 10.89 (2.89, 56.44) ng/ml; Gleason score was 7.0 (6.0–9.0), including 30 cases (14.8%), 108 cases (53.2%) and 65 cases (32.0%) with scores ≤ 6, 7 and ​≥ 8 respectively; prostate volume was 59.0 (24.0–200.0) ml. Body mass index (BMI) ​≤ ​25 and ​> 25 ​kg/m2 were 125 cases (61.6%) and 78 cases (38.4%) respectively. Clinical stage was < cT3a in 191 cases, cT3a in 12 cases; 35 cases had a history of abdominal surgery. All operations were performed by the same surgeon in the center. The operation related indexes, postoperative recovery, pathology and follow-up results were observed. Results: 203 operations were successfully performed as planned. The average operation time was 55.07 (37–129) min; the intraoperative blood loss was 68.3 (40–228) ml; the average time of postoperative exhaust was 1.3 (0.5–3.0) days; the average retention time of urinary catheter was 7.2 (6–14) days; the average hospitalization time was 7.5 (6–15) days. Postoperative sepsis occurred in one case. The postoperative Gleason scores ≤ 6, 7 and ​≥ 8 were 42 cases (20.7%), 132 cases (65.0%) and 29 cases (14.3%). The postoperative pathological stage was < pT3a in 172 cases (84.7%) and ≥ pT3a in 31 cases (15.3%); 38 cases (18.7%) had positive margin after operation. 154 patients (75.9%) were satisfied with urinary control immediately after removing the urinary catheter, and 173 patients (85.2%) were satisfied with the recovery of urinary control within one month after operation (defined as the use of urinary pad ≤ 1 piece in 24 ​h). PSA < 0.2 ​μg/ml at six weeks after operation was in 170 patients (83.7%). The average incision length was 5.91 (5.0–6.8) cm. Conclusion: The modified single incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy through extraperitoneal approach is safe and feasible. The clinical effect is satisfactory, and the modified method is not limited by specific special channel devices, so it is easy to be applied in clinical practice.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with low cost and high safety arouse most promises as next‐generation energy storage configurations. Yet the heterogeneous electric field distributions and interfacial side reactions are considered stumbling roadblocks toward the commercialization of ZIBs. Here, these challenges via cationic electrostatic shielding and anionic preferential adsorption by sodium gluconate (SG) additive are addressed. The polar functional groups (─COO−) of SG anions preferentially anchor to the Zn anode, which can alter Zn2+ migration pathways and restrain side reactions. Moreover, as per the smaller effective reduction potential, the separated cations (Na+) from SG serve as a dynamic armor to provide strong electrostatic shielding effect for uniform Zn2+ deposition on the [002] crystal plane, radically eliminating Zn dendrite growth and promoting anti‐corrosion behaviors of Zn. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell with modified electrolyte confers a lifespan of up to 600 h at a high 80% depth of discharge. Furthermore, even under a record‐low negative/positive ratio of 2.11 and lean electrolyte of 30 µL mAh−1, the Zn//VOX full cell remains enhanced capacity retention of 84.37% even after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work develops an interfacial dual‐modulation strategy and provides unique insights to enlighten the practical application of ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory lung disease with no known cure. Codonopsis Radix (CR) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of different CR varieties on COPD mice. Methods: Sixty male-specified pathogen-free grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 mice in each group. The COPD mice model was induced by cigarette smoke extract combined with lipopolysaccharide, and the mice in each group were given corresponding drugs. Lung function was assessed in all mice. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff stains, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected using an ELISA. Further, serum and lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric assay. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict signaling pathways, which were validated by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with the COPD group, the mice in each dosing group of CR exhibited significant reductions in serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels, serum and lung tissue MDA levels, and pathological lung tissue damage, alongside elevations in lung function and SOD levels (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis also indicated significant downregulation of p-p65/p65 and p-IκB-α/IκB-α protein expression, alongside significant upregulation of Nrf2 protein expression in the lung tissues of mice treated with CR (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In summary, CR effectively enhances lung function, minimizes lung tissue damage, and inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in mice with COPD. Additionally, these findings suggest that inhibition of the Nrf2/NF-κB axis may be a key mechanism of action of CR in the alleviation of COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) and extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the patients who were diagnosed with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and received RARC in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020. According to the different urinary diversion adopted during the operation, they were divided into complete internal urinary diversion (ICUD group, n=18) and external urinary diversion (ECUD group, n=36). The operation time, blood loss amount, number of dissected lymph nodes, time of postoperative intestinal function recovery, length of postoperative hospital stay, time of removing plasma drainage tube, incidence of postoperative complications and rate of postoperative urinary control were compared between the 2 groups. Results RARC surgery successfully performed in all the 54 cases, and none of them were transferred to open surgery. The operation time of ICUD group was 270 (240~320) min, which was significantly shorter than that of ECUD group [330 (295~380) min, P < 0.05]. There were no obvious differences in the intraoperative volume of blood loss and number of dissected lymph nodes, or in the time of intestinal function recovery, length of hospital stay, time of removing plasma drainage tube, or rate of postoperative urinary control between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Postoperative urethral cystography showed that the new bladders located in normal position, with closely to normal capacity and no obvious ureteral reflux in the 2 groups. There were 2 cases of acute intestinal obstruction and intestinal ischemic necrosis after operation, 1 case of incomplete intestinal obstruction and 1 cases of pulmonary infection in ECUD group, and 1 case of incomplete intestinal obstruction and 2 cases of urinary tract infection in ICUD group. All of these were relieved after corresponding treatment. Conclusion Whether complete ICUD or ECUD can obtain good clinical outcome for RARC, and the former has shorter operation time and shows better advantages of robot-assisted technology.

Bi-based materials are promising catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formate, but remain challenging in terms of activity and stability. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of Zn-doped Bi nanosheets (Zn–Bi NSs) as a highly active and robust catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate. Specifically, the Zn–Bi NS catalyst can be obtained using a hydrothermal method to prepare a Zn-decorated Bi2O2CO3 nanosheet followed by electrochemical reduction treatment. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits a remarkable formate faradaic efficiency of 94.6% and a high formate current density of 40.5 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). In particular, the faradaic efficiency of formate remained at above 90% over a wide potential window from −0.8 to −1.2 V vs. RHE. In the H-type electrolytic cell, the Zn–Bi NS catalyst can be operated stably for 10 h at a cathode potential of −1.0 V vs. RHE with good retention of the physical phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]