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Aims: To compare the effectiveness of different types of eHealth interventions in improving exercise endurance and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Background: COPD is a chronic airway disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. eHealth interventions have been accepted and recognized by healthcare professionals and COPD patients as an effective alternative to pulmonary rehabilitation. However, it is not clear which eHealth interventions are effective and preferred for exercise endurance and quality of life in COPD patients. Design: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis based on PRISMA‐NMA. Methods: We searched nine electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials addressing the effect of eHealth interventions on the exercise endurance and quality of life of COPD patients from their inception to 30 October 2022. First, a random‐effects model was chosen to conduct a traditional meta‐analysis to directly investigate the efficacy of different eHealth interventions. Next, a network meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the relative efficacy of the eHealth interventions for COPD. The quality of the data was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Fifty‐one studies containing six eHealth interventions (telemonitoring, application [APP], web‐based interventions, phone calls, virtual reality and combined interventions [≥two types]) were included in the final analysis. Network meta‐analysis showed that telemonitoring, APP, web‐based interventions and combined interventions improved exercise endurance in COPD patients, with telemonitoring being the most effective. Web‐based interventions and apps are effective in improving the quality of life, and web‐based interventions are the most effective. Conclusions: This study confirms that eHealth interventions can improve exercise endurance and quality of life in COPD patients. In the future, healthcare professionals can promote the use of telemedicine in COPD patients to enhance their exercise endurance and quality of life according to their individual needs. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This evidence suggests that eHealth interventions can improve exercise endurance and quality of life in COPD patients. Therefore, in the future, eHealth interventions could be used to maximize their effectiveness in improving exercise endurance and quality of life in COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the operating benefits of the distribution network (DN) and reduce the energy consumption costs of small-micro industrial parks (SMIPs), a two-layer optimal electricity trading method for DN with SMIPs is proposed. First, based on the Stackelberg game, a multi-objective two-layer optimal trading model for DN and SMIP is established. In the upper layer, the DN agent is regarded as the leader, and a trading model is established with the goal of maximizing the profits of agents. In the lower layer, an energy optimization model is proposed for the SMIP operators, which are regarded as the followers, with the goal of minimizing the operating costs. According to the buying and selling electricity prices at the upper and lower layers, a dynamic pricing strategy is formulated. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition (KKT) is introduced to transform the two-layer model into a single-layer model, and based on linear transformations, the model is further converted into a mixed-integer linear programming model. The transformations aim to address the non-linear issues arising from multivariable coupling between the upper and lower-layer trading models. The simulation results show that the trading strategy proposed in this paper can effectively increase the profit of DNs while reducing the operating costs of SMIPs and can provide a reference for decision-making in the electricity market (EM) with the participation of SMIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the challenges of diagnosing pulmonary nodules (PN) and predicting invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) using extracellular vesicle DNA. The authors developed a 21-gene panel for liquid biopsy and a diagnostic nomogram model to predict the risk of IAC. They conducted genomic analysis and identified prevalent driver genes in different groups. The study also validated the 21-gene panel using tissue DNA and extracellular vesicle DNA, and found that it can accurately identify MPN. The authors conclude that this diagnostic strategy holds promise for clinical translation pending further research. [Extracted from the article]

Rapid automatized naming (RAN) has been proven to be important for students' academic performance, but it remains unclear whether and how dealing with stressors (e.g., active coping) is associated with children's development of RAN. To examine this question, this research views the growth of RAN as a cross‐stressor adaptation process and proposes that school‐aged children may build up adapted and modified stress response systems through active coping in dealing with stressors and cognitive tasks. Based on the broaden‐and‐build theory and the mind–body unity theory, we explored the impact of active coping on RAN and hypothesized that subjective vitality and aerobic fitness chain mediated the relationship between active coping and RAN. We used two Likert‐like scales to measure active coping and subjective vitality, used a number‐reading task to measure RAN, and used the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) test to measure aerobic fitness. We recruited 303 elementary students in grades 3–5 in China. Results showed that both subjective vitality and aerobic fitness mediated the impact of active coping on time for RAN. Further, the chain indirect effect of active coping→subjective vitality→aerobic fitness→time for RAN was significant, but the reversed chain mediation was not significant. General resources (e.g., subjective vitality) have been shown to be relatively more important than simple physical resources (e.g., aerobic fitness) for RAN. These preliminary findings may contribute to both the cross‐stressor‐adaptation and active coping literature and have potential implications for improving RAN in school‐aged children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles released by cells. EVs encapsulate proteins and nucleic acids of their parental cell and efficiently deliver the cargo to recipient cells. These vesicles act as mediators of intercellular communication and thus play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, EVs hold promise for clinical use. They have been explored as drug delivery vehicles, therapeutic agents, and targets for disease diagnosis. In the landscape of cancer research, while strides have been made in EV-focused cancer physiopathology, liquid biopsy, and drug delivery, the exploration of EVs as immunotherapeutic agents may not have seen substantial progress to date. Despite promising findings reported in cell and animal studies, the clinical translation of EV-based cancer immunotherapeutics encounters challenges. Here, we review the existing strategies used in EV-based cancer immunotherapy, aiming to propel the development of this emerging yet crucial field., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Yundi Chen et al.)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, the efficacy of antibody-based ICIs could be further improved by mitigating anti-drug antibodies, proteolytic cleavage, and on-target off-tumor toxicity. One strategy for accomplishing this is through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell derived submicron vesicles with many unique properties. We constructed an engineered MDA-MB-231 cell line for harvesting EVs. This was accomplished by overexpressing a high-affinity variant human PD-1 protein (havPD-1), while simultaneously knocking out intrinsic PD-L1 and beta-2 microglobulin. The engineered havPD-1 EVs reduced PD-L1 overexpressing cancer cell proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the EVs were shown to efficiently block PD-L1 mediated T cell suppression. Meanwhile antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity were not observed. The havPD-1 EVs treatment resulted in robust anti-tumor activity in both preventative co-implantation and therapeutic xenograft tumor models reconstituted with human T cells. The efficacy of the havPD-1 EVs was shown to be comparable to clinical anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, loading the havPD-1 EVs with a potent PARP inhibitor was shown to further augment treatment efficacy. In brief, the engineered universal EVs harboring havPD-1 proteins can be used for cancer concurrent immunotherapy and chemotherapy., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and no competing interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.