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Background: Accurately positioning totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) catheters and reducing complications in pediatric patients are important and challenging. A number of studies have shown methods for locating the tip of the TIVAD catheter. We assessed the success and complications of TIVAD implantation guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) via the internal jugular vein (IJV) for 294 patients in this retrospective study. Methods: From May 2019 to March 2021, 297 cases of TIVADs in our hospital were analyzed in this observational, non-randomized, single-center study. The position of the catheter tip under TEE and chest radiography and rates of periprocedural, early, and late complications were evaluated. Results: The implantation was successful in 242 (82.3%) cases which was in a proper position, and the results were consistent with those of postoperative chest radiography. A total of 72 complications were recorded. Of these, 1 case had a perioperative complication, 66 had early complications, and 5 had late complications after port implantation. The most common complications were local infection and catheter malposition, namely 10 (13.9%) cases of incision infection and 58 (80.6%) cases of catheter malposition. In total, 6 (8.3%) cases of port explantation were required. Conclusion: Confirmation of proper TIVAD catheter positioning by TEE through an internal jugular approach in children was accurate and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and manufacture of advanced materials based on biomaterials provide new opportunities to solve many technological challenges. In this work, a highly graphitized wood framework (GWF) with a porous tunnel structure and microvilli is constructed as a multifunctional interlayer to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The GWF not only retains the 3D transport network of wood, but also offers increased deposition sites for polysulfides through the microvilli which grow on the inner surfaces of the carbon tunnels. Electrochemical tests show that GWF effectively enhances the initial discharge capacity of the Li–S battery to 1593 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, with a low capacity decline of 0.06% per cycle at 1 C. Besides, the GWF interlayer also effectively protects lithium anodes from corrosion by Sx2−, thus they still keep their metallic luster and clean surface even after long charge‐discharge cycles. These enhancements are attributed to the high conductivity, abundant microvilli, and tunnel confinement effects of GWF, which effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides by the same principle as nose hairs filtering the air. This work presents a new understanding of bionic/biomaterials and a new strategy to improve the performance of Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is the most commonly encountered cervical spine disorder. Cervical manipulation has been demonstrated as an effective therapy for patients. However, the mechanisms of manipulations have not been elucidated. A total of 120 cervical spondylotic radiculopathy patients were divided into the "three-dimensional balanced manipulation" treatment group (TBM group) and control group randomly. The control group was treated with traditional massage; the TBM treatment group was treated with "three-dimensional balanced manipulation" based on traditional massage. The symptoms and clinical efficacy of the patients were compared before and after treatment for one month. A three-dimensional finite element model was established. The mechanical parameters were imported to simulate TBM, and finite element analysis was performed. The results showed that the total effective rate was significantly higher in the TBM group compared with the control group. The biomechanical analysis showed the vertebral body stress was mainly distributed in the C3/4 spinous processes; the deformation mainly concentrated in the anterior processes of the C3 vertebral body. The intervertebral disc stress in the C3~C7 segment was mainly distributed in the anterior part of the C3/4 intervertebral disc, and the deformation extends to the posterior part of the C3/4 nucleus pulposus. In summary, these data are suggesting that TBM was effective in CSR treatment. The results of the finite element model and biomechanical analysis provide an important foundation for effectively avoiding iatrogenic injuries and improving the effect of TBM in the treatment of CSR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new cytokine that naturally inhibits inflammation. Inflammation plays an important role in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to check whether serum IL-37 can be used as a clinical predictor of SCI. Methods. All subjects underwent venipuncture within 24 hours of enrollment to obtain peripheral blood and then centrifuged to obtain serum. The concentration of serum IL-37 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One month after the injury, the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used for neurological examination. Results. A total of 148 people were included in the study, including 52 normal controls (NC) and 96 patients with acute SCI within 24 hours of onset. The comparison of clinical baseline data (age, gender, BMI: body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, CHD: coronary heart disease, HBP: high blood pressure, and DM: diabetes mellitus) between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients was significantly higher than that of the NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). And with the aggravation of SCI grade, the level of IL-37 increased significantly (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis further showed that serum IL-37 concentration is negatively correlated with AISA motor score (r = − 0.327 , p < 0.05). Conclusion. The serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients is significantly increased, and it is closely related to the recovery of motor function. We proved for the first time that serum IL-37 has prognostic value in patients with SCI. In addition, serum IL-37 may be used as a prognostic biomarker for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Cognitive impairment is considered to be an important complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether serum CCL21 can be used as a potential biomarker of cognitive impairment in SCI. Methods. In Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, hospitalized or treated acute SCI patients were included in the study as the SCI group (SCI). At the same time, a normal control group (NC) matching the age and sex of the SCI group was recruited in the outpatient clinic. Once the two groups were enrolled, their demographics and clinical characteristics were collected immediately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum CCL21 levels within 24 hours of admission. Three months later, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to test the cognitive function of the population. Results. A total of 84 SCI patients and 49 NC populations were eligible for inclusion in the study. There was no significant statistical difference in the demographics and clinical characteristics (age, gender, BMI, TG, LDL-C, FBG, SBP, and DBP) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the SCI group had a higher serum CCL21 level (p < 0.001) and a lower MoCA score (p < 0.001). Serum CCL21 level in SCI was negatively correlated with MoCA score (p = 0.023). Multivariable analyses showed that serum CCL21 level is an independent prognostic factor of cognitive impairment in SCI. Conclusions. MoCA score has a linear relationship with serum CCL21 quartile, and SCI cognitive function has a negative correlation with serum CCL21. Serum CCL21 is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new cytokine that naturally inhibits inflammation. Inflammation plays an important role in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to check whether serum IL-37 can be used as a clinical predictor of SCI. Methods. All subjects underwent venipuncture within 24 hours of enrollment to obtain peripheral blood and then centrifuged to obtain serum. The concentration of serum IL-37 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One month after the injury, the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used for neurological examination. Results. A total of 148 people were included in the study, including 52 normal controls (NC) and 96 patients with acute SCI within 24 hours of onset. The comparison of clinical baseline data (age, gender, BMI: body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, CHD: coronary heart disease, HBP: high blood pressure, and DM: diabetes mellitus) between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients was significantly higher than that of the NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). And with the aggravation of SCI grade, the level of IL-37 increased significantly (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis further showed that serum IL-37 concentration is negatively correlated with AISA motor score (r = − 0.327 , p < 0.05). Conclusion. The serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients is significantly increased, and it is closely related to the recovery of motor function. We proved for the first time that serum IL-37 has prognostic value in patients with SCI. In addition, serum IL-37 may be used as a prognostic biomarker for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Cognitive impairment is considered to be an important complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether serum CCL21 can be used as a potential biomarker of cognitive impairment in SCI. Methods. In Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, hospitalized or treated acute SCI patients were included in the study as the SCI group (SCI). At the same time, a normal control group (NC) matching the age and sex of the SCI group was recruited in the outpatient clinic. Once the two groups were enrolled, their demographics and clinical characteristics were collected immediately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum CCL21 levels within 24 hours of admission. Three months later, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to test the cognitive function of the population. Results. A total of 84 SCI patients and 49 NC populations were eligible for inclusion in the study. There was no significant statistical difference in the demographics and clinical characteristics (age, gender, BMI, TG, LDL-C, FBG, SBP, and DBP) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the SCI group had a higher serum CCL21 level (p < 0.001) and a lower MoCA score (p < 0.001). Serum CCL21 level in SCI was negatively correlated with MoCA score (p = 0.023). Multivariable analyses showed that serum CCL21 level is an independent prognostic factor of cognitive impairment in SCI. Conclusions. MoCA score has a linear relationship with serum CCL21 quartile, and SCI cognitive function has a negative correlation with serum CCL21. Serum CCL21 is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, by using thiocyanate as an iron ion dispersing agent, the pinning effect of thiocyanate ion (SCN − ) enables the high dispersion of Fe 3+ in a nitrogen-doped carbon polymer and significantly promotes ORR catalysis in both acidic and alkaline media. It shows 47.3 A g −1 kinetic ORR current density in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution at 0.8 V vs. RHE. In addition, SCN − can dope into the base material and modify the surface of catalysts, which generates strong cyanide N functional groups. Additionally, it also has a higher BET surface area and more uniform granularity, which accounts for the enhancement in mass transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich layered oxides have been regarded as valuable cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, high initial irreversible capacity, bad rate capability, as well as serious capacity fading and voltage decay hinder their commercial application. In this paper, a nano CoF 2 protective layer is coated on the surface of Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 via a facial wet chemistry method. A high initial discharge capacity of 264.4 mAh g −1 is obtained for 0.5% CoF 2 -coated sample and 259.1 mAh g −1 for 1% CoF 2 -coated sample owing to the suppression of irreversible release of O 2 and the contribution of electrochemical conversion of CoF 2 /LiF. Furthermore, 1% CoF 2 -coated sample exhibits the excellent rate capability of 167.5 mAh g −1 at 5 C rate, the superior cycling stability with the capacity retention of 241.0 mAh g −1 and the ameliorative voltage drop of 0.312 V at 0.1C after 100 cycles. The enhanced rate performance as well as stability of capacity and voltage can be attributed to the nano coatings which inhibit the electrolyte-electrode side reaction, enhance the electrochemical kinetics and mitigate structure transition from layered to spinel phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Non-noxious mechanical stimulus elicits itch in skin inflamed by complete Freund's adjuvant. [•] Subcutaneous naltrexone reduces alloknesis score. [•] Premedication with kinin B1 receptor antagonist reduces alloknesis score. [•] Premedication with kinin B2 receptor antagonist increases alloknesis score. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of annealing time on the structure and electrochemical properties of La0.72Nd0.08Mg0.2Ni3.4Al0.1 hydrogen storage alloys was investigated. The alloys were annealed at 1173K for different time, and the results of Rietveld refinement for the XRD data showed that the alloys were composed of Gd2Co7-type, Ce2Ni7-type, Pr5Co19-type, PuNi3-type, LaNi5-type and MgCu4Sn-type phases. Lengthening annealing time obviously promoted the formation of Gd2Co7-type phase which possessed high hydrogen storage capacity, and the largest content of Gd2Co7-type phase was obtained when the alloys were annealed for 20h. The maximum discharge capacity increased from 365.0 (as-cast) to 389.6mAh/g (annealed for 20h), which was ascribed to Gd2Co7-type phase abundance increasing from 35% (as-cast) to a maximum (81.71%, annealed for 20h). Also, the discharge capacity retention over 180 cycles at charge/discharge current density of 300mA/g was remarkably heightened from 56.6% (as-cast) to 80.5% (annealed for 20h). In addition, annealing treatment at 1173K for 6h can enhance high rate discharge ability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of novel rectangular microscale carbon tubes with protuberant wall are prepared by polyaniline with hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) as templates. By changing mass ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCNSs, the morphology and the tube dimension of those samples can be controlled. Chemical activation with KOH at 1123K results in a large specific surface area (SSA), ranging from 1680 to 2415m2 g−1, and big pore volumes, ranging from 1.274 to 1.550cm3 g−1. Electrochemical tests show that the special morphology effectively increases charge–discharge rate. The maximum capacitance reaches 230Fg−1 at a potential scan rate of 50mVs−1, and 50% of which even can be remained at a scan rate of 1000mVs−1. The electrochemical impedance tests show that the frequency exceeds 10Hz and even reaches up to 15Hz for the optimum sample corresponding to the 50% of the maximum capacitance, which is intensely higher than 1Hz for common porous carbon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The structure and electrochemical characteristics of (La1−x Dy x )0.8Mg0.2Ni3.4Al0.1 (x = 0–0.20) hydrogen storage alloys have been investigated. Dysprosium was adopted as a partial substitution element for lanthanum in order to improve electrochemical properties. The XRD, SEM and EDX results showed that the alloys were composed of (La, Mg)2Ni7, LaNi5 and (La, Mg)Ni2 phases. The introduction of Dy promoted the formation of (La, Mg)2Ni7 phase which possesses high hydrogen storage capacity, and controlling dysprosium content at 0.05 can obtain the maximum (La, Mg)2Ni7 phase abundance in the alloys. The maximum discharge capacity was heightened from 382.5 to 390.2 mAh/g, which was ascribed to (La, Mg)2Ni7 phase abundance increasing from 54.8% to a maximum (60.5%). Also, the biggest discharge capacity retention remained 82.7% after 100 cycles at discharge current density of 300 mA/g. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A porous carbon made of polyaniline with different ferrocene loadings was prepared through carbonization and thermal chemistry activation with KOH. The ferrocene served as a pore-forming agent and a resource of iron nanoparticles. N2 adsorption/desorption measurements showed that the specific surface area and pore volume ranged from 2681 to 3246m2 g−1 and from 1.56 to 2.06cm3 g−1, respectively, with increasing ferrocene loadings. Similarly, hydrogen adsorption also increased from 5.3 to 6.2 wt% at 77K/5MPa and 0.6 wt% to 0.85 wt% at 293K/8MPa. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that iron nanoparticles were embedded in the carbon matrix or dispersed on the surface. The large specific surface area and big pore volume improved the original hydrogen adsorption heat up to 7.2kJmol−1 for the best sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Porous materials, especially porous carbon materials, have the most potential as hydrogen adsorbents. In this research, a series of novel rectangular polyaniline tubes (RPTs) are synthesized using hollow carbon nanosphere (HCNS) templates. By changing mass ratios of ammonium persulfate to HCNSs, the sizes of RPTs can be controlled. Chemical activation with KOH gives rise to a large specific surface area (SSA), ranging from 1680 to 2415 m2 g−1, and big pore volumes that range from 1.274 to 1.550 cm3g−1. These observations demonstrate that activated rectangular polyaniline-based carbon tubes ARP-CTs are promising hydrogen adsorbents. Hydrogen uptake measurements show that the highest hydrogen adsorption reaches 5.2 wt% at 5 MPa/77 K and 0.62 wt% at 7.5 MPa/293 K respectively. Notably, the large pore volume can contribute 2.8 wt% to the total hydrogen storage which has approached 8.0 wt% at 5 MPa/77 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With respect to first-principles calculations, the sandwich-type dinuclear organometallic compounds as (C5H5)2TM2 (M = Sc and Ti) can adsorb up to eight hydrogen molecules. The corresponding gravimetric hydrogen-storage capacity is 6.7 wt% for (C5H5)2Ti2 and 6.8 wt% for (C5H5)2Sc2. The multimetallocenes (e.g., CpTi3Cp and CpTi4Cp) complexes can further increase the H2 adsorption capacity to 8.7 wt% and 10.4 wt%, respectively. These sandwich-type organometallocenes proposed in this work are favorable for reversible adsorption and desorption of hydrogen under ambient conditions. These predictions will likely provide a new route for developing novel high-capacity hydrogen-storage materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In recent years, large fluctuations have been reported for measurements of the hydrogen storage of carbon materials using a Sieverts apparatus. To investigate this problem, helium gas adsorption was selected for comparison with the adsorption of hydrogen, and the results show that hydrogen but not helium was adsorbed onto the wall of the sample cell at ambient temperature. The adsorption capacity of the sample cell at 77K is higher than that at ambient temperature. A series of adsorption tests was conducted with a LaNi5 alloy to prove the influence of the physisorption, and the results show that an increase in the hydrogen storage capacity was resulted in when sample loading decreases. After correction for this hydrogen physisorption, the capacity was restricted between 1.38 and 1.41wt.%. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), activated carbon (AC), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), graphite nanofibers (GNFs), and graphite oxide (GO) were also measured and corrected through this method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The decay of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is mainly due to the shuttle effect caused by intermediate polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, a multiple confined cathode architecture is prepared by filling graphitized Pinus sylvestris with carbon nanotubes and defective LaNiO3−x (LNO‐V) nanoparticles. The composite electrode with high areal sulfur loading of 11.6 mg cm−2 shows a high areal specific capacity of 8.5 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 (0.05 C). Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that this unique structure not only provides physical restriction on LiPSs within microchannels but also offers strong chemical immobilization and catalytic conversion of LiPSs attributed to the spin density around oxygen vacancies of LaNiO3−x. These oxygen vacancies elongate the SS and LiS bonds and make them easy to break. Furthermore, the lengthwise channels derived from cytoderm restrict the transverse diffusion of polysulfides, leading to a uniform areal current and thus homogeneous lithium infiltration. This suppresses the corrosion of the lithium anode due to polysulfides confinement. The discovery of the multiple confined structure that provides chemical adsorption, fast diffusion, and catalytic conversion for polysulfides can broaden the application of biomass materials and offer a new strategy to achieve robust Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are regarded as potentially promising large-scale energy storage (EES) systems due to the close redox potential to lithium, the rich reserve and low cost of potassium resources. Nevertheless, the larger ionic radius of K-ion makes cathode materials for KIBs be a difficult issue. Herein, we construct Mn-based layered oxide (K 0.32 MnO 2) microsphere, self-assembled by ultrathin nanosheets, as potential cathode electrode for nonaqueous KIBs, which delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 95.1 mAh·g−1 at 10 mA g−1. It is demonstrated that K 0.32 MnO 2 undergoes a simple solid solution reaction mechanism for K-ions deintercalation/intercalation during the initial charge-discharge process, which is not like complex multiple processes accompanied by phase transition for Mn-based layered oxide particles. Ex situ measurements reveal that K 0.32 MnO 2 nanosheets can provide outstanding morphology and structure stability, as well as fast electrochemical kinetics upon cycling, thus high rate capacity, improved cycling lifetime and voltage stability at low and high rates can be obtained. We also verify the practical feasibility of K-ion full cell with commercial super P carbon black anode. This novel work illuminates the electrochemical mechanism for K-ions storage in depth, which may push the study on layered oxide cathodes and accelerate the development of KIBs. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Mn-based layered oxide nanosheet was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. • Mn-based layered oxide nanosheet exhibits superior electrochemical performances. • The mechanism of K-ions extraction/insertion is analyzed in depth. • The improved properties are due to highly morphology and structural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key means to improve the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is to reduce the internal resistance by building an electronic/ionic pathway and to accelerate the conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) through modulation of interface functions. Herein, inspired by a grass root system, a flexible hierarchical CNF‐CNT (carbon nanofiber‐carbon nanotube) membrane decorated with Co‐doped NiS2 nanoparticles (Co‐NiS2@CNF‐CNT) is designed as an interlayer for LSBs, in which the in situ grown CNTs (root hairs) are wound on CNF (roots). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Co doping introduces electron‐deficient regions at the doping sites in NiS2, thus improving chemical adsorption and catalytic activities toward LiPSs. The cell pairs with the Co‐NiS2@CNF‐CNT interlayer exhibit a high rate performance of 951.4 mAh g−1 at 3 C, a reversible capacity of 944.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.2 C, and a prolonged cycle life of 3000 cycles at 5 C. More importantly, an areal capacity of 7.96 mAh cm−2 is achieved with a sulfur loading of 9.6 mg cm−2. This work provides a strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of LSBs by combining 3D hierarchical conductive skeletons and electron‐deficient functional adsorption and catalysis materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnS 2 @CS, as sulfur host and separator modifier, with high electrical conductivity, high specific surface area and abundant active sites can not only contribute to the fast electron transport to improve the electrochemical activity but also can efficiently adsorb and catalyse polysulfides and improve the utilization of active sulfur. [Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered promising candidates for next-generation advanced energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the severe shuttle effect and weak redox reaction severely restrict the practical application of Li-S batteries. Herein, a functional catalytic material of tin disulfide on porous carbon spheres (SnS 2 @CS) is designed as a sulfur host and separator modifier for lithium-sulfur batteries. SnS 2 @CS with high electrical conductivity, high specific surface area and abundant active sites can not only effectively improve the electrochemical activity but also accelerate the capture/diffusion of polysulfides. Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman also demonstrate that SnS 2 @CS can efficiently adsorb and catalyse the rapid conversion of polysulfides. Based on these advantages, the SnS 2 @CS-based Li-S battery delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 868 mAh/g at 0.5C (capacity retention of 96 %), a high rate capability of 852 mAh/g at 2C, and a durable cycle life with an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.029 % per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2C. This work combines the design of sulfur electrodes and the modification of separators, which provides an idea for practical applications of Li-S batteries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious decay of capacity and voltage for Li-rich layered cathode materials restrict their commercial application for Li-ion batteries. In this paper, a spherical core-shell structure, Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 @Li 1.2 Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2 was in-situ prepared using hydrothermal method. SEM images as well as the analysis with XPS and EDS verified that the core-shell structure grows well. Electrochemical properties showed that the merits of the both materials have been preserved for high capacity of core material and high voltage as well as superior cycling stability of shell material. C/S-1/1 sample, whose mass proportion of core to shell is 1:1, exhibits the initial discharge capacity of 218 mAh·g −1 with the highest operating voltage of 3.763 V at 0.1C between 2.0 and 4.8 V, splendid cycling stability with the capacity retention of 93.1% and high voltage retention value of 3.335 V after 100 cycles. The improvement of electrochemical performances are attributed to the stable Li 1.2 Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2 protective shell, which is beneficial to improve the electrochemical kinetics, mitigate the morphology evolution and retard the layered-spinel phase transition by restraining the release of O 2 and weakening the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) exhibit the potential for a wide range of applications due to their high energy and power density; however, the hydrolysis of BH 4 − significantly limits the use of DBFCs. In this paper, PdNi x -B/carbon nanotubes (PdNi x -B/CNTs) (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) composites have been prepared by a chemical reduction method in which PdNi x -B nanoparticles of approximately 3.5 nm are grown on the surface of carbon nanotubes. A cell was assembled with PdNi x -B/CNTs as the anode catalyst, a polymer fibre membrane (PFM) as a substitute for the Nafion membrane and LaNiO 3 as the cathode catalyst. The results show that the Ni element displays an ability to balance the competition between the hydrolysis and oxidation of BH 4 − . A peak power density of 105 mW cm −2 (x = 0.9) was achieved at 25 °C. However, the highest fuel efficiency of 69% was achieved at x = 0.3, and the corresponding power density was 87 mW cm −2 , which represents the best comprehensive performance of these DBFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Astragalus membranaceus (Huang-qi, AM) and Angelica sinensis (Dang-gui, AS) are common Chinese herbal medicines and have historically been used in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of AM&AS remain little understood. The purpose of this research was to explore the bioactive components and the mechanisms of AM&AS in treating SCI according to network pharmacology and the molecular docking approach. Methods. AM&AS active ingredients were first searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database (TCM-ID). Meanwhile, we collected relevant target genes of SCI through the GeneCards database, OMIM database, PharmGkb database, DurgBank database, and TDD database. By utilizing the STRING database, we constructed a network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In addition, we used R and STRING to perform GO and KEGG function enrichment analyses. Subsequently, AutoDock Vina was employed for a molecular docking study on the most active ingredients and most targeted molecules to validate the results of the network pharmacology analysis mentioned above. Result. The overall number of AM&AS active compounds identified was 22, while the number of SCI-related targets identified was 159. Then, the 4 key active ingredients were MOL000098 quercetin, MOL000422 kaempferol, MOL000354 isorhamnetin, and MOL000392 formononetin. A total of fourteen core targets were TP53, ESR1, MAPK1, MTC, HIF1A, HSP90AA1, FOS, MAPK14, STAT1, AKT1, EGFR, RELA, CCND1, and RB1. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human cytomegalovirus infection, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis, etc., were enhanced with SCI development. Based on the analyses of docked molecules, four main active compounds had high affinity for the key targets. Conclusions. Altogether, it identified the mechanisms by which AM&AS was used for SCI treatment, namely, active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways. Consequently, further research into AM&AS treating SCI can be conducted on this scientific basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycling voltage properties and calculation models of L1 and L2. [Display omitted] Li-rich layered oxides are recognized as promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries owing to the high capacity of >250 mAh g−1, but the severe voltage fade has prevented their commercialization. It is widely known that high-voltage charge processes result in layered-to-spinel structural evolution and voltage fade in Li-rich layered oxides. This work emphasizes that limiting the low-voltage reduction can maintain the structure and voltage stability of Li-rich layered oxides after the 4.6 V high-voltage charge processes. A strategy of limiting the low-voltage (<2.8 V) reduction by cycling at 4.6–2.8 V was performed in traditional Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 and high-Ni Li 1.2 Ni 0.222 Mn 0.504 Co 0.074 O 2. After 300 cycles, traditional Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 and high-Ni Li 1.2 Ni 0.222 Mn 0.504 Co 0.074 O 2 cycling at 4.6–2 V showed midpoint discharge voltages of 2.83 V and 2.97 V with high voltage fade rates of 2.25 mV/cycle and 2.24 mV/cycle, respectively. While the two materials cycling at 4.6–2.8 V can maintain discharge midpoint voltages of 3.34 V and 3.49 V, with low voltage decay rates of 0.692 mV/cycle and 0.632 mV/cycle, respectively. To better understand the voltage performance, their electric structures were calculated by density functional theory. Physical characterizations were also used to analyze their differences in structural evolution. The results suggested that limiting low-voltage reduction in Li-rich layered oxides is highly necessary for maintaining their structure and voltage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain boundaries act as bottlenecks to charge transport in devices comprising polycrystalline organic active layers. To improve device performance, the nature and resulting impact of these boundaries must be better understood. The densities and energy levels of shallow traps within and across triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TES ADT) spherulites are quantified. The trap density is 7 × 1010 cm−2 in devices whose channels reside within a single spherulite and up to 3 × 1011 cm−2 for devices whose channels span a spherulite boundary. The activation energy for charge transport, EA, increases from 34 meV within a spherulite to 50-66 meV across a boundary, depending on the angle of molecular mismatch. Despite being molecular in nature, these EA's are more akin to those found for charge transport in polymer semiconductors. Presumably, trapped TES ADT at the boundary can electrically connect neighboring spherulites, similar to polymer chains connecting crystallites in polymer semiconductor thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial graphite is extensively used in power lithium-ion batteries for its exceptional stability and high-rate performance. However, the commercial high-temperature graphitization process is conducted at temperatures up to 3000 °C to enhance the degree of graphitization, resulting in significant electricity consumption and lengthy production cycles. This study aimed to lower graphitization temperatures and shorten times by using h-BN as a catalyst. Employing anthracite coal as the precursor and catalyzing with BN at 2800 °C for just 2 h, we achieved a remarkable graphitization degree of 93.3 %, compared to 83.5 % without BN. This indicates BN's effectiveness in accelerating graphite phase formation. Interestingly, the resultant graphite exhibited polyhedral morphology and incorporated boron doping. As edges increased, lithium-ion diffusion pathways and boron doping enhanced stability within the graphite layers, imparting high rate capability and robust cycle performance. The material delivered reversible specific capacities of 369.6 and 226 mA h g−1 at current densities of 0.1 and 3C, and maintained capacity retentions of 95 % and 92 % after 500 cycles at 0.5C and 1C. These results substantiate the potential for large-scale production of artificial graphite from anthracite coal using BN catalysis and underscore its promise as a superior anode material for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We developed an all-solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitor with 145 mF cm−2 areal capacitance and 20.14 μWh cm−2 energy density. • A hierarchical porous carbon material was prepared by a facile method, which was then utilized in 3D-printed micro-supercapacitors. • Hierarchical porous structure can facilitate ion diffusion of supercapacitors and deliver high energy density. • Hierarchical porous carbon material is cheaper and delivers better performance than commonly used electrode materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, promoting the commercialization of micro-supercapacitors. Porous carbon proves a crucial electrode material for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) due to its favourable electrical conductivity, along with chemical and thermal stability. Nevertheless, the low area accessible to ions and the long electron diffusion paths commonly result in a low energy density for carbon-based MSCs. Here, an alga-based carbon sieve with an interconnected and hierarchical porous structure was prepared and employed as the electrode material to construct MSCs by 3D printing. The interconnected and hierarchical structure facilitates electrolyte diffusion and ion transport, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 145 mF cm−2 and an impressive energy density of 20.14 μWh cm−2 for the MSC. Moreover, the device exhibits excellent mechanical properties and long cycle life. These findings demonstrate the potential of devices for application in microelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of heterogeneous transmission interfaces that spatially separate Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs in semiconductors allows exceptional control over optoelectronic properties, thereby enhancing the efficiency of solar energy conversion. In this study, we propose an effective photocatalyst for full water splitting named MS/BOC-x/Pd, comprising atomic layer of MoS 2 bonded to defect-rich BiOCl, and a non-plasmonic Pd oxidation co-catalyst is exclusively assembled on the sides to form a strong electronic coupling and maximize the trapping of holes. The presence of the Mo-S-Bi motif promotes rapid charge migration, resulting in impressive rates of H 2 and O 2 formation (165 and 9.17 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively), without the requirement of sacrificial agents or sensitizers. Through experimental and theoretical investigations, we discovered that the occupation of sulfur atoms in oxygen vacancies extends the overlap of surface charges, thereby facilitating the separation of inner/interfacial electron-hole pairs. The Mo-S-Bi bond provides directional guidance for charge transfer to the surface redox sites. These findings provide valuable insights for the future design of highly efficient photocatalysts for solar energy conversions. [Display omitted] • MS/BOC-Pd photocatalysts with well-designed charge transport channels were successfully constructed. • The atomic-level migration pathway(s) pertinent to water splitting have been systematically elucidated. • DFT calculations confirmed that the Mo-S-Bi configuration is optimal for charge migration. • Improved performance of photochemical conversion properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When an intersubband relaxation is involved in vertical transport in a tunneling heterostructure, the magnetic suppression of the intersubband LO or LA phonon scattering may also give rise to a noticeable depression of the resonant tunneling current, unrelated to the Coulomb correlation effect. The slowdown of the intersubband scattering rate makes fewer electrons able to tunnel resonantly between two adjacent quantum wells (QWs) in a three-barrier, two-well heterostructure. The influence of the magnetic field on the intersubband relaxation can be studied in an explicit way by a physical model based on the dynamics of carrier populations in the ground and excited subbands of the incident QW. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) has become prevalent worldwide in recent years, and its prognosis is poor and the pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Nogo-A is one of the isoforms of the neurite outgrowth inhibitory protein reticulon 4. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Nogo-A could be used as a marker for predicting the prognosis of SCI. Methods. We screened eligible SCI patients and controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We also collected baseline clinical information and peripheral venous blood of the enrolled population. Participants' baseline serum Nogo-A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to evaluate the prognosis of SCI patients after 3 months. Results. Baseline clinical information (age; gender; smoking; drinking; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; fasting blood glucose; WBC, white blood cells; CRP, C-reactive protein) of SCI patients and controls were not statistically significant academic differences (p > 0.05). The baseline serum Nogo-A levels of SCI patients and controls were 192.7 ± 13.9 ng/ml and 263.1 ± 22.4 ng/ml, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). We divided SCI patients into 4 groups according to their baseline serum Nogo-A quartile levels and analyzed their relationship with ASIA scores. The trend test results showed that with the increase of Nogo-A level, the ASIA sensation score and ASIA motor score were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that serum Nogo-A levels remained a potential cause affecting the prognosis of SCI after adjusting for confounding factors in multiple models. Conclusions. Serum Nogo-A levels were significantly elevated in SCI patients. Moreover, elevated Nogo-A levels often indicate poor prognosis and can be used as a marker to predict the prognosis of SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental challenge of trimetallic single-atoms catalysts stems from the difficulty in supporting the coexistence of different metals with their unique physicochemical features. Here, the trimetallic single-atoms electrocatalyst is constructed as a model system to explore electrocatalytic ORR/OER. The tri-metal (Fe, Co, and Ni) single-atoms loaded on nitrogen-carbon framework exhibits superior ORR/OER kinetics (E 1/2 = 0.927 V, E j =10 = 1.56 V). The flexible zinc-air batteries generate excellent power density and durability (62 mW cm−2 and 200 h at −15 °C, 291.2 mW cm−2 and 250 h at room temperature). Density functional calculations confirm that the trimetallic synergy effect outperform mono- and bimetallic effects, yielding adsorption strength close to 0. This paper describes an intuitionistic descriptor where ΔE OH* displays a volcano relationship with ORR overpotential, and establishes a generalized strategy for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst while comprehensively understanding the structure-mechanism-activity relationship. [Display omitted] • Tri-metal incorporated nitrogen-carbon catalysts possesses high density and well dispersed tri-metal single atom sites. • Fe 3% Co 3% Ni 9% -NC1000 display outstanding ORR/OER performance. • The descriptor ΔE OH* displays a volcano relationship with ORR overpotential. • Flexible zinc-air batteries assembled with Fe 3% Co 3% Ni 9% -NC1000 generate superior power density and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Highly efficient electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are urgently needed for various energy conversion and storage devices to overcome sluggish ORR kinetics. Here, N,O-codoped carbon spheres with uniform mesopores and a high specific surface area were used as supports for decorating Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles via a facile immersion route. In addition to the benefit of ions and gas mass transfer, the abundant mesopores present in the three-dimensional (3D) carbon spheres also confine and isolate the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles growing in it, which help to provide rich Co 3 O 4 active sites. The resulting hybrid material exhibits superior ORR activity in terms of even-better half-wave potential and stability than that of commercial Pt/C (40 wt%) in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. To verify its catalytic activity, the hybrid material was employed as the cathode catalyst in a flexible solid-state zinc-air battery, which achieves a high power density of 227 mW cm−2; this power density is much higher than that of a Pt/C catalytic zinc-air battery (133 mW cm−2) under identical conditions. The improvement in catalytic activity in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes can be attributed to the abundant active sites of the entangled Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, as well as the novel N,O-codoped carbon structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) has high incidence globally and is frequently accompanied by subsequent cognitive decline. Accurate early risk-categorization of SCI patients for cognitive decline using biomarkers can enable the timely application of appropriate neuroprotective measures and the development of new agents for the management of SCI-associated cognitive decline. Neuropeptide FF is an endogenous neuropeptide with a multitude of functions and is associated with neuroinflammatory processes. This prospective study investigated the predictive value of serum neuropeptide FF levels measured after acute SCI for subsequent cognitive decline. Methods. 88 patients presenting with acute SCI without preexisting neurological injury, brain trauma, or severe systemic illness and 60 healthy controls were recruited. Serum neuropeptide FF levels, clinical, and routine laboratory variables including low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels collected from all subjects were assessed. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was performed 3 months after enrollment. SCI patients were grouped according to quartile of serum neuropeptide FF level and MoCA scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, multivariate linear regression with clinical and laboratory variables was performed to predict MoCA scores. Results. SCI patients displayed significantly higher baseline serum neuropeptide FF levels than healthy controls (38.5 ± 4.1 versus 23.4 ± 2.0 pg / ml , p < 0.001 ∗ ∗ ). SCI patients in higher quartiles of baseline serum neuropeptide FF displayed significantly lower MoCA scores at 3 months. Linear regression analysis indicated serum neuropeptide FF levels as a significant independent predictor of worse MoCA scores after SCI (r = 0.331 , p = 0.034 ∗ ). Conclusion. Early serum neuropeptide FF levels significantly and independently predicted cognitive decline after acute SCI among patients without preexisting neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A calcium fluoride composite reduction graphene oxide functional separator for lithium-sulfur batteries to inhibit polysulfide shuttling and mitigate lithium dendrites. [Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted tremendous attention as promising next-generation energy-storage systems due to their high specific capacity and high specific energy. However, the shuttle of polysulfides and the growth of Li dendrites severely obstruct the practical applications of these batteries. In this work, a functional separator is designed and fabricated in which nano-calcium fluoride (CaF 2) particles are embedded in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and bladed on a PP separator. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the adsorption energy and bond length reveal that CaF 2 has a satisfying adsorption and catalytic effect on polysulfides (Li 2 S n). The factional separator could accelerate homogenous Li+ flow and retard the growth of Li dendrites. In addition, an initial specific capacity of 1504 mAh g−1 at 0.05C is achieved, and it still retains a discharge capacity of 1050 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.2C. Moreover, the capacity decay rate is only 0.06% per cycle over 420 cycles at a high current density of 0.5 C. The excellent performance could be attributed to the CaF 2 @rGO modified separator not only accelerating the transmission of electrons but also effectively inhibiting the shuttling of polysulfides. This work provides a better method for attaining practical applications of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astragaloside IV (AS IV) and tanshinone (TS IIA) are the main natural components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Astragali, respectively. The amalgam of TS IIA and AS IV has potential therapeutic value in many inflammation-related diseases. However, the aftereffect of TS IIA and AS IV for lumbar disc herniation is not clear. Although the function of miR-223 in the inflammation-related JAK/STAT pathway is unknown, it is particularly expressed in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. This study has investigated the efficacy of the combined application of TS IIA and AS IV in the treatment of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells (NP cells) injured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After miR-223 inhibitor imitated NP cells, the state of the JAK family and STAT family was recognized by Western blotting (Western blot, WB) and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The shRNA lentivirus interference vector targeting the STAT family was constructed, and the NP cell line stably interfering with the STAT gene was established after transfection. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-3, caspase-1, and caspase-3 was detected by lipopolysaccharide (WTNP cells), control virus NP cells, STAT downregulation NP cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and qPCR, respectively. The cell survival rate was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). NP cells were treated with TS IIA and AS IV which had been made into different concentrations, and then, the expression of miR-223, p-STAT1, and p-JAK families was detected by WB Western blotting and qPCR. MiR-223 selectively acts on JAK2/STAT1 pathway, increases the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-3, caspase3-1, and caspase-3, and induces apoptosis, which can be eliminated by silencing STAT1. TS IIA combined with AS IV could inhibit the expression of miR-223, p-STAT1, and p-JAK2 in NP cells, and they showed a dose-dependent tendency to p-STAT1 and p-JAK2. This study shows that miR-223 promotes the inflammatory response and induces cell injury of NP cells by acting on the JAK2/STAT1 pathway, and the combination of TS IIA and AS IV may protect NP cells by downregulating miR-223 and inhibiting the expression of JAK2 and STAT1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a novel cytokine, which is believed to be involved in the inflammatory process of a series of diseases. However, the relationship between LRG1 and spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been reported. The purpose of our study is to determine the predictive value of LRG1 for the prognosis of pediatric SCI (PSCI). Methods. This study recruited 64 patients with confirmed PSCI and 40 healthy controls at Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020. The clinical information of all participants at the time of admission was recorded. Peripheral blood was collected, and commercial reagents were used to detect the level of serum LRG1. At the same time, the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) was used to assess the severity of PSCI. Results. All participants were divided into PSCI group (n = 64) and NC group (n = 40). There was no significant difference in clinical information (age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sampling time from injury, white blood cells, and C-reactive protein) between the two groups (p > 0.05). According to the interquartile range of serum LRG1, we compared the motor and sensory scores of ISNCSCI and found that serum LRG1 levels were negatively correlated with the prognosis of PSCI patients (p < 0.001). The results of receiver operating curve (ROC) showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (Area Under the Curve) of serum LRG1 level in predicting the prognosis of PSCI were 68.4%, 69.1%, and 0.705, respectively. The cut-off value of serum LRG1 level predicting the prognosis of PSCI is 21.1 μg/ml. Conclusions. Serum LRG1 level is significantly increased in PSCI patients, and the elevated LRG1 level is negatively correlated with the prognosis of PSCI patients. Serum LRG1 may be a potentially useful biomarker for predicting PSCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Higher-order topological phases give rise to new bulk and boundary physics, as well as new classes of topological phase transitions. While the realization of higher-order topological phases has been confirmed in many platforms by detecting the existence of gapless boundary modes, a direct determination of the higher-order topology and related topological phase transitions through the bulk in experiments has still been lacking. To bridge the gap, in this work we carry out the simulation of a two-dimensional second-order topological phase in a superconducting qubit. Owing to the great flexibility and controllability of the quantum simulator, we observe the realization of higher-order topology directly through the measurement of the pseudo-spin texture in momentum space of the bulk for the first time, in sharp contrast to previous experiments based on the detection of gapless boundary modes in real space. Also through the measurement of the evolution of pseudo-spin texture with parameters, we further observe novel topological phase transitions from the second-order topological phase to the trivial phase, as well as to the first-order topological phase with nonzero Chern number. Our work sheds new light on the study of higher-order topological phases and topological phase transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fossil energy utilization processes, only about one-third of fuels is used effectively upon conversion, while the rest becomes waste heat. Therefore, making full use of waste heat is an effective way to save energy. Nowadays, the moderate-high temperature heat utilization systems continue to mature and develop. However, existing heat-to-electricity energy conversion technologies are not very efficient for utilization of low-grade waste heat. Herein, based on our previous finding in H+-ion concentration power generator, we design a cell stack structure in series to optimize and improve its thermal-to-electric performance with temperatures ranging from 50 °C to 170 °C. This experiment reveals that the thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency of 3-cell stack can reach up to 17.86%, which is more than twice as likely to a single-cell (8.39%). The electrochemical kinetic analysis and temperature distribution thermoanalysis results convince us that this tandem device is beneficial to the development for low-level heat recovery. [Display omitted] • A thermoelectrochemical conversion system of H+-ion concentration cell stack was studied. • It operated by the principle of H+-ion concentration difference to harvest electricity from low-grade heat. • H 2 consumed at the anode while regenerating at the cathode. • The 3-cell stack delivered a thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency of 17.86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a superconducting coplanar waveguide, in the form of a ring resonator, as a quantum bus for circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED). Due to its unique symmetry, the amplitude of the electromagnetic field inside is uniform along the resonator, which in principle leads to a location independent coupling between qubits and the resonator. For an experimental demonstration, we designed and fabricated a ring resonator capacitively coupled to two tunable Xmon superconducting qubits. We showed that nearly identical coupling was achieved between individual qubits and the resonator. In addition, the resonator was also used as a high quality quantum bus for generating Bell states between the qubits with a fidelity of F = 98.6 % , although an interference effect must be included for understanding the effective coupling between the two qubits. Our results suggest that ring resonators can be a useful addition to the toolbox of circuit QED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to MXene, MAB is a group of 2D ceramic/metallic boride materials which exhibits unique properties for various applications. However, these 2D sheets tend to stack and therefore lose their active surface area and functions. Herein, an amorphous cobalt nickel boride (Co–Ni–B) nanocomposite is prepared with a combination of 2D sheets and nanoparticles in the center to avoid agglomeration. This unique structure holds the 2D nano-sheets with massive surface area which contains numerous catalytic active sites. This nanocomposite is prepared as an electrocatalyst for borohydride electrooxidation reaction (BOR). It shows outstanding catalytic activity through improving the kinetic parameters of BH 4 − oxidation, owing to abundant ultrathin 2D structure on the surface, which provide free interspace and electroactive sites for charge/mass transport. The anode catalyst led to a 209 mW/cm2 maximum power density with high open circuit potential of 1.06 V at room temperature in a miniature direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC). It also showed a great longevity of up to 45 h at an output power density of 64 mW/cm2, which is higher than the Co–B, Ni–B and PtRu/C. The cost reduction and prospective scale-up production of the Co–Ni–B catalyst are also addressed. [Display omitted] • DBFC with Co–Ni–B nanocomposite as anode catalyst exhibited P max = 209 mW/cm2 which is over twice higher than PtRu/C. • MXene-like structure enhanced the exposure of active metallic species and the mass transfer. • The assembled DBFC has good stability of retaining 91.2% of the output voltage after 45 h. • The narrow band gap of Co–Ni–B nanocomposite urges the charge transfer kinetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite electrocatalysts of carbon and metals or metal compounds with homogeneous active sites can be obtained through the carbonization of metal organic framework (MOF) materials under inert atmosphere. In this work, a three-phase composite electrocatalysts NiFe2O4/Ni@C were prepared via pyrolysis from self-assembled MOF nanosheets aggregates. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the obtained electrocatalysts with various Ni:Fe ratios is demonstrated. Especially, the NiFe2O4/Ni@C sample with the mole ratio of Ni:Fe = 1:1 can use the overpotential (η) of 330 and 423 mV to drive 10 and 50 mA cm−2 respectively. After 80 000 s/22 h, the current density could retained 90% of the initial current density. The excellent activity and stability of the electrocatalysts are attributed to nickel and iron ions with uniform dispersion at atomic level in the NiFe2O4 phase and the synergistic effect of nickel and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with amorphous carbon atoms or nanoparticles around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertensive-induced renal damage (HRD) is an important public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. The herb pair Radix Astragali- (RA-) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) is a common prescribed herbal formula for the treatment of HRD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of our study is to explore the mechanism of combination of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) ameliorating HRD by regulation of the renal sympathetic nerve. Thirty 24-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as the experimental group were randomly divided into the RA group, the RS group, the RA+RS group, the valsartan group, and the SHR group and six age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) as the control group. After 4 weeks of corresponding drug administration, venipuncture was done to collect blood and prepare serum for analysis. A color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to observe renal hemodynamics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), angiotensin II (Ang II), and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Simultaneously, the kidneys were removed immediately and observed under a transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructural changes. And the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that renal ultrasonography of rats showed no significant difference in renal size among groups. The RA+RS group had obviously decreased vascular resistance index. The levels of NE, E, BNP, Ang II, AT1, and TGF-β1 were decreased (P < 0.05), and the density of NO was increased. Pathological damage of the kidney was alleviated. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested sympathetic overexpression in the pathogenesis of HRD. The combination of RA and RS may inhibit the hyperexcitability of sympathetic nerves and maintain the normal physiological structure and function of kidney tissue and has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-37 (IL-37) inhibits the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, we performed an analysis to accurately assess the relationship between serum IL-37 cytokine levels and disease activity of RA. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Correlation coefficient (r) was utilized to evaluate the relationship between IL-37 and disease activity of RA patients. Ten studies were included into the research. Functional analysis revealed elevated serum IL-37 concentrations in RA patients (SMD = 1.61 , P < 0.00001). The relationship between serum IL-37 levels and disease activity was statistically significant (C-reactive protein: r = 1.47 , P = 0.0002 ; erythrocyte sedimentation rate: r = 1.55 , P < 0.00001 ; rheumatoid factor: r = 1.40 , P = 0.004 ; tumor necrosis factor⁃α: r = 1.64 , P = 0.0003 ; Disease Activity Score for 28 joints: r = 1.63 , P < 0.00001 ; tender joint count: r = 1.48 , P < 0.00001 ; and swollen joint count: r = 1.52 , P = 0.0003), but anti-CCP was not significant (anti-CCP: r = 0.98 , P = 0.72). In summary, these data are suggesting that the elevated serum level of IL-37 in RA is positively correlated with the disease activity of RA, suggesting a role for IL-37in the pathogenesis of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) The NiFeBO is consist of NiFe(OH) 2 layers and BO 2 − pillars. (2) The BO 2 − pillars enhance the stability of NiFe-LDH and show adsorption to hydroxyl ion due to the unsaturated electron state. (3) The addition of Fe and B elements reduces the band gap of α-Ni(OH) 2 , accelerating the catalytic process. (4) The introduced NiFeBO catalyst shows outstanding electrochemical activity for OER with low overpotential, small Tafel slope, and long-term stability. Water-splitting by electrolysis is one of the most important approaches to produce hydrogen as renewable clean energy with superior advantages of high-purity and good operability. But the key issue limiting the large-scale application is that it demands a much higher overpotential than the theoretical oxygen evolution potential. Herein, we report an efficient electrochemical catalyst of NiFeBO synthesized via a facile one-step process, presenting remarkable catalytic activity and long-term stability. In this work, we discussed the effects of the doping of Fe and the insertion of BO 2 − in the as-synthesized NiFeBO. According to the experimental results, NiFeBO shows a very low overpotential of 256 mV and a Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1 with remarkable stability over 60 h of chronopotentiometry test. The inserted anion of BO 2 − can adsorb OH− in electrolyte around the catalyst to increase the concentration of OH− around the active sites, thereby improving the effectivity of oxygen evolution reaction. In addition, diffused micro-crystalline with different lattice formed during the oxidation of the as-synthesized catalyst, providing more active sites than the pristine amorphous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H+-ion concentration cell, which can harvest thermal energy to generate electricity by hydrogen concentration difference principle with a fuel cell structure, is an innovative thermoelectric conversion device. In this system, phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-doped PBI) membrane is a key component influencing the power generation performance of the cell. Herein, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 μm thick PBI membranes are successfully synthesized and doped with phosphoric acid. To achieve a good compromise between the proton conductivity and durability, the properties of PA-doped PBI membranes are experimentally evaluated to clarify the effect of the acid doping time and membrane thickness on cell performance. The results indicate that the higher the acid doping level, the worse the dimensional stability of the membrane. Also the thinner the PBI membrane, the smaller the membrane resistance to ions motion, while the poorer the stability. Upon reaction at 170 °C, this cell can boast a power density from 3.0 to 8.0 W m−2, which results in a thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.97–14.32%. This study potentially boosts the practical application of thermal-to-electrical conversion technology. Image 1 • The properties of different PBI membranes were studied. • Phosphoric acid-doped PBI membranes exhibited good proton conductivity and thermal stability. • The H+-ion concentration cell can boast a power density from 3.0 to 8.0 W m−2 at 170 °C. • The thermoelectric conversion efficiency across the H+-ion concentration cell is in the range of 5.97–14.32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prepared the Cr-doped Li-rich cathodes coated by Li 3 PO 4 with stable capacity and median voltage for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit one of the highest reversible discharge capacities among cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, their voltage decay and poor cycle stability severely restrict their use as a commercial cathode material. In this work, a novel approach of that combines Cr doping and a Li 3 PO 4 coating was designed to address the problems associated with lithium-rich Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 materials. The synergistic method not only increases the discharge capacity and cycle stability but also decreases the voltage decay. The 1.0 wt% Li 3 PO 4 coating and 0.08 Cr doping on Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode shows a capacity retention of 76.5% compared to the 59.0% capacity retention for the pristine electrode after 200 cycles. The initial discharge capacity is also increased from 255.8 mAh·g−1 to 265.2 mAh·g−1. In addition, the discharge voltage decay decreases from 0.84 V to 0.39 V after 200 cycles as a result of the Cr doping and Li 3 PO 4 coating. These enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to the fact that the Cr doping stabilized the layered structure and inhibited its phase transformation to the spinel phase, and the Li 3 PO 4 coating confined the interfacial side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte. This work may provide a new method to solve the subsistent problems of lithium-rich cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is a promising cathode candidate for the next‐generation high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the application of LNMO is hindered by its poor cycle stability. Now, site‐selectively doped LNMO electrode is prepared with exceptional durability. In this work, Mg is selectively doped onto both tetrahedral (8a) and octahedral (16c) sites in the Fd3‾ m structure. This site‐selective doping not only suppresses unfavorable two‐phase reactions and stabilizes the LNMO structure against structural deformation, but also mitigates the dissolution of Mn during cycling. Mg‐doped LNMOs exhibit extraordinarily stable electrochemical performance in both half‐cells and prototype full‐batteries with novel TiNb2O7 counter‐electrodes. This work pioneers an atomic‐doping engineering strategy for electrode materials that could be extended to other energy materials to create high‐performance devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is a promising cathode candidate for the next‐generation high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the application of LNMO is hindered by its poor cycle stability. Now, site‐selectively doped LNMO electrode is prepared with exceptional durability. In this work, Mg is selectively doped onto both tetrahedral (8a) and octahedral (16c) sites in the Fd3‾ m structure. This site‐selective doping not only suppresses unfavorable two‐phase reactions and stabilizes the LNMO structure against structural deformation, but also mitigates the dissolution of Mn during cycling. Mg‐doped LNMOs exhibit extraordinarily stable electrochemical performance in both half‐cells and prototype full‐batteries with novel TiNb2O7 counter‐electrodes. This work pioneers an atomic‐doping engineering strategy for electrode materials that could be extended to other energy materials to create high‐performance devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prepared nonstoichiometric Li-rich cathodes with stable capacity and median voltage for lithium-ion batteries. • The nonstoichiometry of Li-rich cathodes were firstly synthesized for lithium-ion batteries. • The nonstoichiometric cathodes exhibit stable capacity and median voltage upon cycling. • The improvement of cycling ability attributes to the production of Ni3+ ions in the nonstoichiometric samples. Lithium-rich layered oxides are considered as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its high capacity, but the rapid decay of capacity and operating voltage are great challenges to achieve its commercial application. In this work, the nonstoichiometry of Li-rich layered oxide Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2 was designed by directly declining the Mn amounts in the form of Li 1.2 Mn x Ni 0.2 O 2 (x = 0.59, 0.57, 0.55). The nonstoichiometric sample Li 1.2 Mn 0.55 Ni 0.2 O 2 exhibits a capacity of 170.73 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, a little lower than 187.29 mAh g−1 of Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2 , however, better cycling stability of operating voltage and capacity is attained with the reduction of Mn amounts, compared to that of Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2. The capacity retention of Li 1.2 Mn 0.55 Ni 0.2 O 2 is enhanced to 88.7% via 74.7% of Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. The declining value of operating voltage for Li 1.2 Mn 0.55 Ni 0.2 O 2 is 0.200 V as compared to 0.559 V for Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) was employed to confirm the existence of Ni3+ in the nonstoichiometric samples, and the amounts of Ni3+ increase along the Mn contents decrease. The improvement of electrochemical properties for nonstoichiometric samples is attributed to the presence of Ni3+ due to Ni3+ can defer the transition of layered-to-spinel structure through decreasing the Li/Ni mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]